Periodontal Assessment 3: Plaque and Bleeding Score

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Questions and Answers

What percentage of plaque is considered to be plaque-free in the example provided?

  • 5%
  • 22%
  • 78%
  • 95% (correct)

What does immediate bleeding indicate when probing the gingiva?

  • The site is difficult to access.
  • The probe has been inserted too deeply.
  • The site may need improved cleaning. (correct)
  • The tissue is healthy.

What does delayed bleeding when probing generally suggest?

  • The probe should not be used.
  • There is no need for further examination.
  • The site is highly cleansable.
  • The tissue may be inflamed but accessible. (correct)

Which of these statements best represents the troubleshooting process for patient claims of brushing habits?

<p>Clarification of cleaning habits is crucial for accurate assessment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the total number of surfaces calculated in the plaque index example?

<p>Number of teeth multiplied by 4. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of dental plaque research according to the provided sources?

<p>The classification, formation, and identification of dental plaque (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes disclosing tablets in relation to dental health?

<p>They help in visually identifying plaque on the teeth. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the content, how can children improve their brushing habits?

<p>Through the use of rewards and motivation techniques (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What potential benefit does the study of plaque offer to dental practitioners?

<p>It informs practices for preventing tooth decay and gum disease. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the challenges that researchers face in studying dental plaque?

<p>The varying composition of plaque among different individuals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of dye is typically used in disclosing agents?

<p>Vegetable dye (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a property of a disclosing agent?

<p>Durable in color (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of disclosing solution offers a visual representation of plaque thickness?

<p>Two tone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one primary reason clinicians use disclosing agents?

<p>To visualize plaque for better oral hygiene practices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is essential equipment needed when using a disclosing solution?

<p>PPE (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the plaque index calculation, what should be done first?

<p>Strike off teeth missing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does self-monitoring play in the use of disclosing agents for patients?

<p>It promotes understanding of plaque presence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'duration' refer to in the context of using disclosing agents?

<p>How long the agent stains the plaque (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of calculating the plaque score in a periodontal assessment?

<p>It helps assess the current state of oral hygiene and set improvement targets. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of disclosing agents?

<p>They eliminate all dental biofilm instantly. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a bleeding score of less than or equal to 20% indicate?

<p>Significant improvement in oral health (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is used to disclose dental biofilm effectively?

<p>Using a disclosing solution that alters color on contact with biofilm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are plaque and bleeding scores monitored for oral health improvement?

<p>By comparing scores from the previous appointment and setting new targets. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mode of delivering disclosing solutions is commonly used in clinical practice?

<p>As a gel applied with a cotton swab (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physiological mechanisms facilitate the binding of dye particles to biofilms in disclosing solutions?

<p>Electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which outcome suggests that a patient is engaged and showing improvement in oral hygiene?

<p>Plaque levels decrease to below 20%. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Plaque Score

A measurement of plaque accumulation on teeth, used to assess oral hygiene.

Disclosing

A process of staining dental biofilm to visualize it.

Disclosing Agent

A substance that changes the color of dental biofilm, enabling visualization.

Biofilm Retention

Biofilms hold discoloring agents because of interactions between molecules.

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4-point Charting

A method for recording plaque levels from 4 different tooth surface views.

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6-point Charting

Method for recording Plaque levels from 6 different tooth surface views.

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Bleeding Score

Measures gingival bleeding, indicating inflammation and potential periodontal disease.

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Delayed Bleeding

Bleeding that occurs after probing or manipulation as opposed to immediate bleeding.

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Plaque Index Calculation

Calculating the percentage of surfaces with plaque.

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Plaque Index Goal

Target percentage of plaque-free areas in the mouth.

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Immediate Bleeding

Bleeding that occurs immediately upon probing.

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Delayed Bleeding

Bleeding that occurs a few seconds after probing.

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Patient Cleaning Assessment

Evaluating patient's brushing and interdental cleaning habits.

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Disclosing Agent

A substance, typically a vegetable dye, that stains dental plaque a visible color (e.g., red or blue) for identification and assessment.

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Disclosing Solution Types

Disclosing solutions can be single-tone, two-tone, or three-tone, and come in different formats (tablets, liquid, pre-loaded pellets).

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Patient Disclosing Benefits

Helps patients understand plaque formation, improve motivation for oral hygiene, and enable self-monitoring of plaque levels.

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Clinician Disclosing Benefits

Allows clinicians to visualize plaque, guide oral hygiene practices, record progress/predictions in patient notes, and use it minimally invasively for removal guidance.

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Plaque Score Methods

Plaque scores are assessed using standardized methods (e.g., 6-point and 4-point systems) to quantify the amount and distribution of plaque on teeth surfaces.

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Plaque Index Calculation

Involves calculating the ratio of plaque-covered surfaces to the total number of surfaces; missing teeth need to be accounted for.

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Essential Equipment

Necessary items for disclosing procedures include protective equipment, disclosing solution, recording tools, and plaque removal instruments/tools.

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Disclosing Procedure Steps

Involves prepping the patient, applying disclosing solution, assessing plaque, recording the assessment, and removing the dye; following protocol to ensure consistency and efficacy of the procedure.

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Dental Plaque

A sticky film of bacteria that forms on teeth.

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Classification of Dental Plaque

Categorization of dental plaque based on its properties and characteristics.

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Formation of Dental Plaque

The process by which dental plaque develops on teeth.

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Identification of Dental Plaque

Process of recognizing the presence of dental plaque.

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Dental Plaque Disclosing Materials

Products used to visually identify the presence of dental plaque.

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Study Notes

Periodontal Assessment 3: Plaque and Bleeding Score

  • Learning Outcomes: Students should be able to revise periodontal assessment components, define disclosing processes and different toned disclosing solutions, discuss benefits of disclosing to patients and clinicians, demonstrate plaque score calculation (4 & 6 point charting), interpret plaque score results and impact on oral health messages, explain bleeding score relevance in oral health practices (immediate & delayed bleeding), and interpret bleeding score results and impact on oral health messages.

Disclosing Agents

  • Function: Disclosing agents change the color of dental biofilm to contrast with tooth surfaces.
  • Biofilm Interaction: Biofilms retain numerous dye substances due to interactions between components (proteins, polysaccharides) and hydrogen bonds (electrostatic interactions).
  • Types of Solutions:
    • Single tone
    • Two tone
    • Three tone
    • Tablets
    • Liquid
    • Pre-loaded pellets

Disclosing Solution Properties

  • Water soluble: Aids in ease of use and removal.
  • Non-allergenic: Important for patient safety.
  • Taste & Flavouring: May be present or absent.
  • Color Contrast: Essential for identifying plaque.
  • Ease of removal: A crucial factor for patient comfort.
  • Duration: This impacts dwell time for sufficient visibility.
  • Support and Cooperation: Disclosing facilitates patient education.

Plaque Score Recording

  • 6 point Plaque Score: A method used for recording plaque on various areas of the tooth.
  • 4 point Plaque Score: A method used to assess areas of plaque on a tooth.

Plaque Index Calculation

  • Missing Teeth: Identify any missing teeth in the mouth.
  • Total Surfaces: Calculate total tooth surfaces to be assessed (4 or 6 points each).
  • Areas with Plaque: Determine areas with plaque buildup.
  • Plaque-Covered Surfaces: Measure the number of surfaces with plaque buildup.
  • Percentage Calculation: Divide the plaque-covered surfaces by the total tooth surfaces and multiply by 100, providing the percentage of plaque.

Bleeding Score

  • Immediate Bleeding: Bleeding occurring immediately when a probe contacts the gums.
  • Delayed Bleeding: Bleeding occurring seconds after a probe contacts the gums.
  • Clinician Observation: Assess if access and cleansing are easy with the probe.
  • Patient Brushing: Determine effectiveness of cleaning techniques.

Equipment Needed

  • Personal Protection Equipment (PPE)
  • Warning/Consent Forms
  • Vaseline
  • Cotton wool/pledget
  • Disclosing Solution
  • Eyes
  • Scribe
  • Removal Mechanisms
  • Dappins Pot
  • Microbrush
  • Suction

Communication Protocol

  • Clear and Concise: Use explicit and understandable language with the team.
  • Start/Stop Points: Designate specific points for initiating and concluding tasks.
  • Midline Crossing: Define criteria for crossing the midline during examination.
  • Communication Doubts: Seek clarification when unsure.

Troubleshooting

  • This section addresses issues that may arise, like problematic plaque scores or bleeding.
  • This section lists relevant research papers and articles related to periodontal assessments, disclosing agents, and their effects.

Image References

  • This section lists the sources of various images used during the presentation.

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