Questions and Answers
What is the definition of ionization energy?
Energy that is required to remove the most loosely held electron.
What is the definition of atomic radius?
Size of an atom.
What is ionic radii?
Distance from the center of an ion's nucleus to its outermost electron.
What does electronegativity measure?
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Group 1 is called ___
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Group 2 is called ___
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Group 13 is called ___
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Group 14 is called ___
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Group 15 is called ___
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Group 16 is called ___
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Group 17 is called ___
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Group 18 is called ___
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What is the actual trend for atomic radius?
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What is the actual trend for ionization energy?
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What is the actual trend for electronegativity?
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What is the trend for ionic radii?
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Study Notes
Ionization Energy
- Defined as the energy needed to remove the most loosely held electron from an atom.
- Trends indicate exceptions for elements in groups 13 and 16.
- To determine the group of an element based on ionization energies, identify the largest jump in IE values, equating the number of jumps to valence electrons.
- The highest second ionization energy typically corresponds to elements transitioning to noble gas configurations.
- A significant ionization energy jump occurs when an electron is removed from a stable electron configuration.
Atomic and Ionic Radius
- Atomic radius refers to the size of an atom and increases down a group and decreases across a period.
- Ionic radius is the distance from an ion's nucleus to its outermost electron; it varies based on the charge of the ion.
- Ions with the same electron count exhibit larger radii when possessing fewer protons, as the nuclear charge is weaker.
- The ionic radius increases with the number of electrons present in a given element.
Electronegativity
- Electronegativity measures an atom’s ability to attract electrons in a chemical bond.
- The trend increases from left to right across a period and decreases down a group.
Group Names
- Group 1: Alkali Metals
- Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals
- Group 13: Boron Family
- Group 14: Carbon Family
- Group 15: Nitrogen Family
- Group 16: Oxygen Family
- Group 17: Halogens
- Group 18: Noble Gases
Trends Summary
- Atomic Radius Trend: Decreases left to right across a period and increases down a group.
- Ionization Energy Trend: Increases from left to right across a period and generally decreases down a group.
- Electronegativity Trend: Similar to ionization energy, it increases across a period and decreases down a group.
- Ionic Radii Trend: Decreases from left to right and increases from top to bottom, mirroring the trends of atomic radius and electron affinity.
- Metallic Characteristics: Show a trend of increasing metallic behavior down a group and decreasing across a period.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key concepts related to periodic trends with this set of flashcards. Each card provides concise definitions for terms such as ionization energy, atomic radius, ionic radii, and electronegativity. Perfect for quick reviews and memorization.
