Periodic Table Trends and Ionic Radius Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the law that states matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction?

  • Law of Conservation of Energy
  • Law of Reactant-Product Equality
  • Law of Matter Preservation
  • Law of Mass Conservation (correct)

What are whole numbers used to balance a chemical equation called?

  • Subscripts
  • Coefficients (correct)
  • Balancers
  • Multipliers

In balancing a chemical equation, why should subscript numbers never be changed?

  • It increases the number of atoms in the products
  • It simplifies the equation
  • It makes the equation more complex
  • It changes the chemicals reacting or being produced (correct)

What should be balanced first when balancing a chemical equation?

<p>Atoms in single molecules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept states that atoms are rearranged during a chemical reaction?

<p>Chemical Reaction Principle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of counting atoms on both sides of a chemical equation?

<p>To verify the mass is conserved (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it not always necessary to follow the exact order of balancing atoms?

<p>It does not affect the final balanced equation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of balancing a chemical equation?

<p>To fulfill the Law of Conservation of Matter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to balance non-hydrogen or oxygen atoms before balancing hydrogen and oxygen atoms?

<p>Balancing other atoms first simplifies the process (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two parts of every chemical reaction?

<p>Reactants and products (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step ensures that a chemical equation is correctly balanced if it initially isn't?

<p>Repeating the balancing process (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a chemical reaction, what is written on the right side of the reaction arrow?

<p>Products (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What changes in a chemical reaction in terms of the arrangement of atoms?

<p>Types of atoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during evaporation?

<p>Changing from a liquid to a vapor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process happens when a gas turns directly into a solid?

<p>Deposition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH range for bases on the pH scale?

<p>Above 7 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the concentration of hydrogen ions as the pH of a solution decreases?

<p>Increases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do buffers play in maintaining optimal pH in the body?

<p>Resist changes in pH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines both the properties and reactivity of an atom?

<p>Valence electrons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is known as the 'Father of the Periodic Table'?

<p>Dmitri Mendeleev (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist organized the periodic table using the Law of Octaves?

<p>John Newlands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Law of Triads propose in the organization of elements?

<p>Elements are organized into groups of three with similar properties (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the periodic table, which elements have larger atomic radii?

<p>Atoms with more orbitals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that differentiates an anion from its parent atom?

<p>Valence electrons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key concept behind understanding the behavior of an atom?

<p>Valence electrons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does moving down a group in the periodic table affect the atomic radius?

<p>Increases the atomic radius (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that influences ionization energy?

<p>The number of protons in the nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In general, what happens to ionization energy as you move from left to right across a period?

<p>It increases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which atoms tend to have higher ionization energy requirements?

<p>Atoms with more protons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does electronegativity change as you move from the bottom left to the top right of the periodic table?

<p>It increases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum amount of energy required to remove an atom's outermost electron(s) called?

<p>Ionization energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do atoms at the top right of the periodic table compare to those at the bottom left in terms of orbitals and protons?

<p>Fewer orbitals but more protons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis for the trend of decreasing ionization energy down a group?

<p>Increasing distance between valence electrons and the nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to balance each atom one at a time in a chemical equation?

<p>To ensure that the number of atoms for each element is equal on the reactant and product side (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do coefficients play in balancing a chemical equation?

<p>Balancing the number of atoms for each element (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should subscript numbers never be changed when balancing a chemical equation?

<p>To avoid changing the chemicals reacting or being produced (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does balancing hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a chemical equation involve?

<p>Ensuring they are present in equal amounts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step in balancing a chemical equation is crucial to checking if the equation is balanced?

<p>Counting the atoms on both sides (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In balancing a chemical equation, when should non-hydrogen or oxygen atoms be balanced?

<p>Before balancing hydrogen and oxygen atoms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concept behind balancing a chemical equation?

<p>Maintaining the law of conservation of matter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When balancing a chemical equation, what is changed to balance each atom one at a time?

<p>Coefficients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two parts of every chemical reaction?

<p>Reactants and products (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase change process involves a gas skipping the liquid state to form a solid?

<p>Deposition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of buffers in maintaining optimal pH in the body?

<p>Buffers resist changes in pH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which substances play a vital role in various industries, medicine, and at home, and are classified based on the pH scale?

<p>Acids, bases, and neutral substances (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phase change occurs when a solid gains energy or loses pressure to become a liquid?

<p>Melting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept describes the logarithmic scale used to measure how acidic or basic a substance is?

<p>pH scale (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a chemical reaction, what happens to the number of atoms in the reactants compared to the products?

<p>The number remains the same (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when a liquid turns into a vapor, usually at its boiling point?

<p>Evaporation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do bases taste, and where are they commonly found?

<p>Bitter, in soap and green leafy vegetables (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about acids on the pH scale?

<p>Release OH- ions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Law of Octaves organize the periodic table?

<p>By grouping elements with similar properties in every eighth element (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Law of Triads propose in the organization of elements?

<p>Every third element has similar properties. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between an anion and a cation?

<p>Cations have a positive charge, while anions have a negative charge. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does moving down a group in the periodic table affect the size of atoms?

<p>Atoms increase in size because of more electron shells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when an atom loses an electron?

<p>It gains a positive charge. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are energy levels of electrons related to the period number?

<p>f orbitals have energy levels 2 less than the period number. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the value of an atom's ionic radius?

<p>Whether electrons are gained or lost (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do trends in the periodic table help identify properties of an element?

<p>By providing information on valence electrons, electronegativity, and ionization energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do valence electrons contribute to determining the reactivity of an atom?

<p>By participating in bonding with other atoms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is Dmitri Mendeleev referred to as the 'Father of the Periodic Table'?

<p>For his contributions to organizing elements based on proton number (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor primarily influences the ionization energy of an atom?

<p>Number of protons in the nucleus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do atoms with more protons have higher ionization energy requirements?

<p>Protons pull valence electrons closer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does increasing the number of electron orbits around a nucleus affect ionization energy?

<p>Decreases ionization energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between atomic radius and the number of protons in the nucleus?

<p>Directly proportional (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes most significantly to a decrease in ionization energy moving down a group on the periodic table?

<p>Increase in electron shells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do atoms at the top right of the periodic table have higher ionization energy requirements?

<p>More protons and smaller atomic radii (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do atoms that gain more electrons generally influence their ionization energy?

<p>Decrease it by clouding the nucleus charge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'An atom's ionization energy is influenced by its electron configuration' - How does this statement align with the text?

<p>'An atom's ionization energy relates to its electron distance from the nucleus' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Electronegativity increases moving from bottom left towards top right on the periodic table' - How does this relate to ionization energy?

<p>'Higher electronegativity implies higher ionization energy' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to an atom's ionization energy as you move from left to right within a period on the periodic table?

<p>Increases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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