Periodic Table Trends and Ionic Radius Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the law that states matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction?

  • Law of Conservation of Energy
  • Law of Reactant-Product Equality
  • Law of Matter Preservation
  • Law of Mass Conservation (correct)

    • What are whole numbers used to balance a chemical equation called?

  • Subscripts
  • Coefficients (correct)
  • Balancers
  • Multipliers

    • In balancing a chemical equation, why should subscript numbers never be changed?

  • It increases the number of atoms in the products
  • It simplifies the equation
  • It makes the equation more complex
  • It changes the chemicals reacting or being produced (correct)

    • What should be balanced first when balancing a chemical equation?

    <p>Atoms in single molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept states that atoms are rearranged during a chemical reaction?

    <p>Chemical Reaction Principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of counting atoms on both sides of a chemical equation?

    <p>To verify the mass is conserved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it not always necessary to follow the exact order of balancing atoms?

    <p>It does not affect the final balanced equation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of balancing a chemical equation?

    <p>To fulfill the Law of Conservation of Matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to balance non-hydrogen or oxygen atoms before balancing hydrogen and oxygen atoms?

    <p>Balancing other atoms first simplifies the process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two parts of every chemical reaction?

    <p>Reactants and products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step ensures that a chemical equation is correctly balanced if it initially isn't?

    <p>Repeating the balancing process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a chemical reaction, what is written on the right side of the reaction arrow?

    <p>Products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What changes in a chemical reaction in terms of the arrangement of atoms?

    <p>Types of atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during evaporation?

    <p>Changing from a liquid to a vapor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process happens when a gas turns directly into a solid?

    <p>Deposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH range for bases on the pH scale?

    <p>Above 7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the concentration of hydrogen ions as the pH of a solution decreases?

    <p>Increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do buffers play in maintaining optimal pH in the body?

    <p>Resist changes in pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines both the properties and reactivity of an atom?

    <p>Valence electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is known as the 'Father of the Periodic Table'?

    <p>Dmitri Mendeleev</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist organized the periodic table using the Law of Octaves?

    <p>John Newlands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Law of Triads propose in the organization of elements?

    <p>Elements are organized into groups of three with similar properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the periodic table, which elements have larger atomic radii?

    <p>Atoms with more orbitals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that differentiates an anion from its parent atom?

    <p>Valence electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key concept behind understanding the behavior of an atom?

    <p>Valence electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does moving down a group in the periodic table affect the atomic radius?

    <p>Increases the atomic radius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that influences ionization energy?

    <p>The number of protons in the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In general, what happens to ionization energy as you move from left to right across a period?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which atoms tend to have higher ionization energy requirements?

    <p>Atoms with more protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does electronegativity change as you move from the bottom left to the top right of the periodic table?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum amount of energy required to remove an atom's outermost electron(s) called?

    <p>Ionization energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do atoms at the top right of the periodic table compare to those at the bottom left in terms of orbitals and protons?

    <p>Fewer orbitals but more protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis for the trend of decreasing ionization energy down a group?

    <p>Increasing distance between valence electrons and the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to balance each atom one at a time in a chemical equation?

    <p>To ensure that the number of atoms for each element is equal on the reactant and product side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do coefficients play in balancing a chemical equation?

    <p>Balancing the number of atoms for each element</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should subscript numbers never be changed when balancing a chemical equation?

    <p>To avoid changing the chemicals reacting or being produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does balancing hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a chemical equation involve?

    <p>Ensuring they are present in equal amounts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step in balancing a chemical equation is crucial to checking if the equation is balanced?

    <p>Counting the atoms on both sides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In balancing a chemical equation, when should non-hydrogen or oxygen atoms be balanced?

    <p>Before balancing hydrogen and oxygen atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concept behind balancing a chemical equation?

    <p>Maintaining the law of conservation of matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When balancing a chemical equation, what is changed to balance each atom one at a time?

    <p>Coefficients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two parts of every chemical reaction?

    <p>Reactants and products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase change process involves a gas skipping the liquid state to form a solid?

    <p>Deposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of buffers in maintaining optimal pH in the body?

    <p>Buffers resist changes in pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substances play a vital role in various industries, medicine, and at home, and are classified based on the pH scale?

    <p>Acids, bases, and neutral substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phase change occurs when a solid gains energy or loses pressure to become a liquid?

    <p>Melting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept describes the logarithmic scale used to measure how acidic or basic a substance is?

    <p>pH scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a chemical reaction, what happens to the number of atoms in the reactants compared to the products?

    <p>The number remains the same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when a liquid turns into a vapor, usually at its boiling point?

    <p>Evaporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do bases taste, and where are they commonly found?

    <p>Bitter, in soap and green leafy vegetables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about acids on the pH scale?

    <p>Release OH- ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Law of Octaves organize the periodic table?

    <p>By grouping elements with similar properties in every eighth element</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Law of Triads propose in the organization of elements?

    <p>Every third element has similar properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between an anion and a cation?

    <p>Cations have a positive charge, while anions have a negative charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does moving down a group in the periodic table affect the size of atoms?

    <p>Atoms increase in size because of more electron shells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when an atom loses an electron?

    <p>It gains a positive charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are energy levels of electrons related to the period number?

    <p>f orbitals have energy levels 2 less than the period number.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the value of an atom's ionic radius?

    <p>Whether electrons are gained or lost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do trends in the periodic table help identify properties of an element?

    <p>By providing information on valence electrons, electronegativity, and ionization energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do valence electrons contribute to determining the reactivity of an atom?

    <p>By participating in bonding with other atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Dmitri Mendeleev referred to as the 'Father of the Periodic Table'?

    <p>For his contributions to organizing elements based on proton number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor primarily influences the ionization energy of an atom?

    <p>Number of protons in the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do atoms with more protons have higher ionization energy requirements?

    <p>Protons pull valence electrons closer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does increasing the number of electron orbits around a nucleus affect ionization energy?

    <p>Decreases ionization energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between atomic radius and the number of protons in the nucleus?

    <p>Directly proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes most significantly to a decrease in ionization energy moving down a group on the periodic table?

    <p>Increase in electron shells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do atoms at the top right of the periodic table have higher ionization energy requirements?

    <p>More protons and smaller atomic radii</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do atoms that gain more electrons generally influence their ionization energy?

    <p>Decrease it by clouding the nucleus charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'An atom's ionization energy is influenced by its electron configuration' - How does this statement align with the text?

    <p>'An atom's ionization energy relates to its electron distance from the nucleus'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Electronegativity increases moving from bottom left towards top right on the periodic table' - How does this relate to ionization energy?

    <p>'Higher electronegativity implies higher ionization energy'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to an atom's ionization energy as you move from left to right within a period on the periodic table?

    <p>Increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

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