71 Questions
What is the law that states matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction?
Law of Mass Conservation
What are whole numbers used to balance a chemical equation called?
Coefficients
In balancing a chemical equation, why should subscript numbers never be changed?
It changes the chemicals reacting or being produced
What should be balanced first when balancing a chemical equation?
Atoms in single molecules
Which concept states that atoms are rearranged during a chemical reaction?
Chemical Reaction Principle
What is the purpose of counting atoms on both sides of a chemical equation?
To verify the mass is conserved
Why is it not always necessary to follow the exact order of balancing atoms?
It does not affect the final balanced equation
What is the main purpose of balancing a chemical equation?
To fulfill the Law of Conservation of Matter
Why is it important to balance non-hydrogen or oxygen atoms before balancing hydrogen and oxygen atoms?
Balancing other atoms first simplifies the process
What are the two parts of every chemical reaction?
Reactants and products
Which step ensures that a chemical equation is correctly balanced if it initially isn't?
Repeating the balancing process
In a chemical reaction, what is written on the right side of the reaction arrow?
Products
What changes in a chemical reaction in terms of the arrangement of atoms?
Types of atoms
What happens during evaporation?
Changing from a liquid to a vapor
Which process happens when a gas turns directly into a solid?
Deposition
What is the pH range for bases on the pH scale?
Above 7
What happens to the concentration of hydrogen ions as the pH of a solution decreases?
Increases
What role do buffers play in maintaining optimal pH in the body?
Resist changes in pH
What determines both the properties and reactivity of an atom?
Valence electrons
Who is known as the 'Father of the Periodic Table'?
Dmitri Mendeleev
Which scientist organized the periodic table using the Law of Octaves?
John Newlands
What does the Law of Triads propose in the organization of elements?
Elements are organized into groups of three with similar properties
In the periodic table, which elements have larger atomic radii?
Atoms with more orbitals
What is the main factor that differentiates an anion from its parent atom?
Valence electrons
What is the key concept behind understanding the behavior of an atom?
Valence electrons
How does moving down a group in the periodic table affect the atomic radius?
Increases the atomic radius
What is the primary factor that influences ionization energy?
The number of protons in the nucleus
In general, what happens to ionization energy as you move from left to right across a period?
It increases
Which atoms tend to have higher ionization energy requirements?
Atoms with more protons
How does electronegativity change as you move from the bottom left to the top right of the periodic table?
It increases
What is the minimum amount of energy required to remove an atom's outermost electron(s) called?
Ionization energy
How do atoms at the top right of the periodic table compare to those at the bottom left in terms of orbitals and protons?
Fewer orbitals but more protons
What is the basis for the trend of decreasing ionization energy down a group?
Increasing distance between valence electrons and the nucleus
Why is it important to balance each atom one at a time in a chemical equation?
To ensure that the number of atoms for each element is equal on the reactant and product side
What role do coefficients play in balancing a chemical equation?
Balancing the number of atoms for each element
Why should subscript numbers never be changed when balancing a chemical equation?
To avoid changing the chemicals reacting or being produced
What does balancing hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a chemical equation involve?
Ensuring they are present in equal amounts
Which step in balancing a chemical equation is crucial to checking if the equation is balanced?
Counting the atoms on both sides
In balancing a chemical equation, when should non-hydrogen or oxygen atoms be balanced?
Before balancing hydrogen and oxygen atoms
What is the primary concept behind balancing a chemical equation?
Maintaining the law of conservation of matter
When balancing a chemical equation, what is changed to balance each atom one at a time?
Coefficients
What are the two parts of every chemical reaction?
Reactants and products
Which phase change process involves a gas skipping the liquid state to form a solid?
Deposition
What is the role of buffers in maintaining optimal pH in the body?
Buffers resist changes in pH
Which substances play a vital role in various industries, medicine, and at home, and are classified based on the pH scale?
Acids, bases, and neutral substances
What phase change occurs when a solid gains energy or loses pressure to become a liquid?
Melting
Which concept describes the logarithmic scale used to measure how acidic or basic a substance is?
pH scale
In a chemical reaction, what happens to the number of atoms in the reactants compared to the products?
The number remains the same
What is the process called when a liquid turns into a vapor, usually at its boiling point?
Evaporation
How do bases taste, and where are they commonly found?
Bitter, in soap and green leafy vegetables
What is true about acids on the pH scale?
Release OH- ions
How does the Law of Octaves organize the periodic table?
By grouping elements with similar properties in every eighth element
What does the Law of Triads propose in the organization of elements?
Every third element has similar properties.
What is the main difference between an anion and a cation?
Cations have a positive charge, while anions have a negative charge.
How does moving down a group in the periodic table affect the size of atoms?
Atoms increase in size because of more electron shells.
What happens when an atom loses an electron?
It gains a positive charge.
How are energy levels of electrons related to the period number?
f orbitals have energy levels 2 less than the period number.
What determines the value of an atom's ionic radius?
Whether electrons are gained or lost
How do trends in the periodic table help identify properties of an element?
By providing information on valence electrons, electronegativity, and ionization energy
How do valence electrons contribute to determining the reactivity of an atom?
By participating in bonding with other atoms
Why is Dmitri Mendeleev referred to as the 'Father of the Periodic Table'?
For his contributions to organizing elements based on proton number
What factor primarily influences the ionization energy of an atom?
Number of protons in the nucleus
Why do atoms with more protons have higher ionization energy requirements?
Protons pull valence electrons closer
How does increasing the number of electron orbits around a nucleus affect ionization energy?
Decreases ionization energy
What is the relationship between atomic radius and the number of protons in the nucleus?
Directly proportional
Which factor contributes most significantly to a decrease in ionization energy moving down a group on the periodic table?
Increase in electron shells
Why do atoms at the top right of the periodic table have higher ionization energy requirements?
More protons and smaller atomic radii
How do atoms that gain more electrons generally influence their ionization energy?
Decrease it by clouding the nucleus charge
'An atom's ionization energy is influenced by its electron configuration' - How does this statement align with the text?
'An atom's ionization energy relates to its electron distance from the nucleus'
'Electronegativity increases moving from bottom left towards top right on the periodic table' - How does this relate to ionization energy?
'Higher electronegativity implies higher ionization energy'
What happens to an atom's ionization energy as you move from left to right within a period on the periodic table?
Increases
Test your knowledge on the trends of the periodic table and how ionic radius varies depending on the number of electrons gained or lost, types of bonds, and spin of the ion. Understand how the movement across a period impacts protons and electron orbitals.
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