15 Questions
What type of elements typically combine to form Ionic Compounds?
Metals and nonmetals
Which elements make up the cations in Ionic Compounds?
Metals
What do nonmetals contribute to Ionic Compounds?
Negatively charged ions (anions)
How is an ionic bond formed between a metal and a nonmetal?
Metal donates an electron to the nonmetal
What happens to the electron configuration of a metal to become a cation?
Loses an electron
Can ionic compounds be formed between two nonmetals?
No, ionic compounds are formed between a metal and a nonmetal
Which group of elements typically prefer to lose an electron to form cations?
Group I metals
What is the electron configuration of chlorine that results in its preference to gain an electron?
2,8,7
What is the charge on a chloride ion in an ionic compound like sodium chloride?
-1
Why do ionic compounds typically have high melting points and boiling points?
Due to strong intermolecular forces between the ionic charges
What type of structure results from the strong ionic bond between sodium and chlorine in an ionic compound?
Crystal lattice structure
What is the term used for the energy released when a solid ionic compound forms a crystal lattice from individual ions?
Lattice energy
Why do ionic compounds as solids break easily into sheets?
Due to strict alignment of positive and negative charges
What happens to the interaction between molecules as the temperature increases in an ionic compound?
Interaction strengthens
Why are solid ionic compounds good insulators but liquid or solution ionic compounds are good conductors?
Due to mobility of ions in solution allowing for electrical conductivity
Study Notes
Ionic Compounds
- Typically formed between metals and nonmetals
- Metals contribute cations (positively charged ions) to ionic compounds
- Nonmetals contribute anions (negatively charged ions) to ionic compounds
Formation of Ionic Bonds
- Formed between a metal and a nonmetal when the metal loses an electron(s) to form a cation and the nonmetal gains an electron(s) to form an anion
- Electron configuration of a metal changes to become a cation by losing electron(s) to achieve a stable noble gas configuration
Properties of Ionic Compounds
- Typically have high melting and boiling points due to strong ionic bonds
- Result in a crystal lattice structure, which is a rigid and fixed arrangement of ions
- Release energy, known as lattice energy, when individual ions form a crystal lattice
- Solid ionic compounds break easily into sheets due to the arrangement of ions in the crystal lattice
- As temperature increases, the interaction between molecules increases, leading to a change of state from solid to liquid
Conductivity of Ionic Compounds
- Solid ionic compounds are good insulators because the ions are fixed in place and cannot move freely
- Liquid or solution ionic compounds are good conductors because the ions are free to move and carry electric charge
Learn about how ionic compounds are formed when elements with large differences in electronegativity come together. Explore the combination of metals and nonmetals to create positively and negatively charged ions in ionic compounds.
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