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Questions and Answers
What are horizontal rows in a periodic table known as?
What are horizontal rows in a periodic table known as?
In a period, how does the electronic configuration change from left to right?
In a period, how does the electronic configuration change from left to right?
Which two elements are classified as alkali metals?
Which two elements are classified as alkali metals?
What is the common name of the group that includes fluorine, chlorine, and bromine?
What is the common name of the group that includes fluorine, chlorine, and bromine?
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Which element is typically characterized as having a complete outermost shell?
Which element is typically characterized as having a complete outermost shell?
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What is the general position of metalloids in the periodic table?
What is the general position of metalloids in the periodic table?
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What is the main characteristic of the last element in each period of the periodic table?
What is the main characteristic of the last element in each period of the periodic table?
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Which statement is true about the elements in the same group?
Which statement is true about the elements in the same group?
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What happens to an atom when it loses an electron?
What happens to an atom when it loses an electron?
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What causes the periodicity of elements?
What causes the periodicity of elements?
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How does the number of shells change down a group in the periodic table?
How does the number of shells change down a group in the periodic table?
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How does the ionisation energy of alkali metals change down the group?
How does the ionisation energy of alkali metals change down the group?
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What remains constant within a group as one moves down the periodic table?
What remains constant within a group as one moves down the periodic table?
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Which of the following elements is classified as an alkali metal?
Which of the following elements is classified as an alkali metal?
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What is the valency of an element with 7 electrons in its outermost shell?
What is the valency of an element with 7 electrons in its outermost shell?
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What characterizes the physical state of alkali metals?
What characterizes the physical state of alkali metals?
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How many elements are there in period 3?
How many elements are there in period 3?
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Across a period, how does the number of shells change?
Across a period, how does the number of shells change?
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Which of the following groups contains the transition elements?
Which of the following groups contains the transition elements?
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What is the typical ion formed by halogens when they gain an electron?
What is the typical ion formed by halogens when they gain an electron?
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Which group has the highest ionisation energy within their periods?
Which group has the highest ionisation energy within their periods?
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What happens to the valency as one moves from Group 1 to Group 17?
What happens to the valency as one moves from Group 1 to Group 17?
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What is the maximum number of shells present in the longest periods of the periodic table?
What is the maximum number of shells present in the longest periods of the periodic table?
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How does the metallic character of alkali metals change down the group?
How does the metallic character of alkali metals change down the group?
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What is valency a measure of?
What is valency a measure of?
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Which of the following elements belong to group 17?
Which of the following elements belong to group 17?
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In terms of atomic size, which of the following is true for halogens down the group?
In terms of atomic size, which of the following is true for halogens down the group?
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Which period is considered the shortest in the periodic table?
Which period is considered the shortest in the periodic table?
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Which group of elements has the highest valency in the modern periodic table?
Which group of elements has the highest valency in the modern periodic table?
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Which group contains the Inert gases?
Which group contains the Inert gases?
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Which statement about the elements of period 4 is true?
Which statement about the elements of period 4 is true?
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Which elements are classified as Lanthanides?
Which elements are classified as Lanthanides?
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In the periodic table, which group do alkali metals belong to?
In the periodic table, which group do alkali metals belong to?
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Which of the following properties does not match with elements of the halogen family?
Which of the following properties does not match with elements of the halogen family?
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The element below sodium in the same group would be expected to have a __________ electro-negativity than sodium.
The element below sodium in the same group would be expected to have a __________ electro-negativity than sodium.
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On moving from left to right in a given period, the number of shells __________.
On moving from left to right in a given period, the number of shells __________.
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The non-metallic character of the elements __________ as one moves from left to right across a period.
The non-metallic character of the elements __________ as one moves from left to right across a period.
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What happens to the atomic size as you move from left to right across a period?
What happens to the atomic size as you move from left to right across a period?
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The ionization potential of the elements __________ as you move left to right across a period.
The ionization potential of the elements __________ as you move left to right across a period.
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The elements Li, Be, B, C, O, F, Ne belong to which period in the periodic table?
The elements Li, Be, B, C, O, F, Ne belong to which period in the periodic table?
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Which elements are present in Period 2 of the periodic table?
Which elements are present in Period 2 of the periodic table?
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What is the common feature of the electronic configuration of the elements at the end of Period 2 and Period 3?
What is the common feature of the electronic configuration of the elements at the end of Period 2 and Period 3?
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If an element is in Group 17, what is its likely character?
If an element is in Group 17, what is its likely character?
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Which element in Period 3 is considered the most metallic?
Which element in Period 3 is considered the most metallic?
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Moving across a period in the periodic table, elements show what trend in character?
Moving across a period in the periodic table, elements show what trend in character?
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Which element from Group 2 has the least ionization energy?
Which element from Group 2 has the least ionization energy?
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What is the relationship between the atomic size of chlorine and argon?
What is the relationship between the atomic size of chlorine and argon?
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What is the most electronegative element?
What is the most electronegative element?
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Study Notes
Periodic Table and Periodic Properties
- The periodic table arranges elements in groups (vertical columns) and periods (horizontal rows)
- Elements in the same group have similar properties due to similar electron configurations in their outermost shell
- Elements in the same period show gradual variations in properties as atomic number increases
Introduction to Elements
- Elements are pure substances composed of only one type of atom
- They are the fundamental building blocks of all matter
- They are classified using the periodic table
Döbereiner's Triads
- Döbereiner grouped elements into triads with similar properties
- The atomic weight of the middle element was approximately the arithmetic mean of the other two elements in the triad
Newlands' Law of Octaves
- Newlands arranged elements in order of increasing atomic weight, observing a repeating pattern every eighth element
- Elements with similar properties appeared at intervals of eight places
Mendeleev's Periodic Table
- Mendeleev developed the first periodic table based on the law of periodicity
- Properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic masses
- This arrangement allowed prediction of undiscovered elements
Modern Periodic Table
- Based on atomic number (number of protons) instead of atomic mass
- Moseley's work is fundamental to this modern arrangement
- Groups are numbered 1-18
- Periods are numbered 1-7
Periodic Properties
- Periodic properties show repeating patterns across the periodic table
- Examples include atomic size, ionization potential, electron affinity, and electronegativity
Atomic Size
- Atomic size (atomic radius) is the distance between the nucleus and the outermost electron shell
- Atomic size generally decreases across a period and increases down a group
Ionization Potential
- Ionization potential is the energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom
- Ionization potential generally increases across a period and decreases down a group
Electron Affinity
- Electron affinity is the energy change when an electron is added to a neutral gaseous atom
- Electron affinity tends to increase across a period, but the trend down a group is not entirely straightforward
Electronegativity
- Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract shared electrons in a covalent bond
- Electronegativity generally increases across a period and decreases down a group
Metallic Character
- Metallic character refers to the tendency of an element to lose electrons
- Metallic character decreases across a period and increases down a group
Non-Metallic Character
- Non-metallic character refers to the tendency of an element to gain electrons
- Non-metallic character increases across a period and generally decreases down a group
Reactivity
- Reactivity is related to the tendency of an element to lose or gain electrons
- Reactivity generally increases down a group and often increases across a period (but with exceptions)
Periods and Groups
- There are 7 periods and 18 groups in the modern periodic table
- Each period corresponds to the filling of an electron shell
- Groups contain elements with similar valence electron configurations
Representative Elements
- Groups 1, 2, 13-18 are representative elements
- They typically have incomplete outermost electron shells
Transition Metals
- Groups 3-12 are transition metals
- They have incomplete d or f electron subshells
Inner Transition Metals
- Lanthanides and actinides are inner transition metals
- They have incomplete f electron subshells
Important Trends
- Trends in atomic size, ionization potential, electron affinity, electronegativity, metallic and non-metallic character, and reactivity are important for understanding the behavior of elements
- Exceptions and variations exist
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Description
Test your knowledge about the periodic table with this quiz. Discover the properties of elements, understand their arrangements, and learn about classifications such as alkali metals and metalloids. Challenge yourself on topics like periodicity and electronic configurations!
