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Questions and Answers
What is the general electronic configuration of s-block elements?
What is the general electronic configuration of s-block elements?
- $ns^1$ for alkaline earth metals
- $ns^2$ for all s-block elements
- $ns^1$ for alkali metals and $ns^2$ for alkaline earth metals (correct)
- $ns^2$ for alkali metals
Which of the following blocks contains the elements with the electronic configuration ranging from $ns^2, (n-1)d^1$ to $ns^2, (n-1)d^{10}$?
Which of the following blocks contains the elements with the electronic configuration ranging from $ns^2, (n-1)d^1$ to $ns^2, (n-1)d^{10}$?
- f-block
- d-block (correct)
- p-block
- s-block
Which group of elements is not part of the p-block in the periodic table?
Which group of elements is not part of the p-block in the periodic table?
- Group VIII
- Group IIA (correct)
- Group IVA
- Group IIIA
Where are the f-block elements located in the periodic table?
Where are the f-block elements located in the periodic table?
What principal quantum number is represented by the valence electrons of an element located in the fourth period?
What principal quantum number is represented by the valence electrons of an element located in the fourth period?
Which of the following statements accurately describes representative elements?
Which of the following statements accurately describes representative elements?
Which configuration represents a typical electron distribution for an f-block element?
Which configuration represents a typical electron distribution for an f-block element?
What is a characteristic trend observed within groups in the periodic table?
What is a characteristic trend observed within groups in the periodic table?
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Study Notes
Periodic Table Overview
- Organized by atomic numbers, electronic configurations, and properties.
- Comprises seven periods (horizontal rows) and eighteen groups (vertical columns).
- Groups are categorized into:
- Subgroup A: Representative elements.
- Subgroup B: Transition elements.
Blocks of the Periodic Table
- Four blocks are defined based on valence electron orbitals:
- s-block: Groups IA and IIA, located on the left.
- p-block: Groups IIIA to VIIIA, situated on the right.
- d-block: Covers all subgroup B, found in the middle.
- f-block: Positioned below the main table, comprising lanthanides and actinides.
s-block Details
- Valence electron configurations:
- Alkali metals: $ns^1$.
- Alkaline earth metals: $ns^2$.
p-block Details
- Valence electron configurations range from $ns^2, np^1$ to $ns^2, np^6$.
d-block Details
- General electron configuration:
- $ns^2, (n-1)d^1$ to $ns^2, (n-1)d^{10}$.
f-block Details
- Contains two series of fourteen elements each: lanthanides and actinides.
- Valence configurations span from $ns^{1,2}, (n-2)f^1$ to $ns^{1,2}, (n-2)f^{14}$.
Identifying Position in the Table
- Element's period indicated by the principal quantum number ($n$) of valence electrons.
- Group identified by the number of valence electrons.
- Example: Sulfur (atomic number 16) has configuration $1s^2, 2s^2, 2p^6, 3s^2, 3p^4$, placing it in the third period and VIA group.
Trends in Properties
- Elements exhibit regular changes in physical properties when moving down a group or across a period, with some anomalies.
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