Questions and Answers
What is the systematic arrangement of elements based on atomic number, electronic configuration, and properties called?
The periodic table
How many horizontal rows are there in the long form of the periodic table?
7
How many vertical columns are there in the long form of the periodic table?
18
Which of the following are types of groups in the periodic table?
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What is the electron configuration for s-block elements?
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Which groups comprise the p-block elements?
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What is the electron configuration for d-block elements?
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Where are f-block elements located in the periodic table?
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What does the principal quantum number (n) of the valence electrons represent?
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What dictates the group of an element in the periodic table?
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What is the atomic number and electron configuration of sulfur?
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Study Notes
Periodic Table Overview
- Systematic arrangement of elements organized by atomic number, electron configuration, and properties.
- Comprises 7 horizontal rows (periods) and 18 vertical columns (groups).
Types of Groups
- Representative Elements (Sub group A): Found in groups IA and IIA; these elements display a wide range of physical and chemical properties.
- Transition Elements (Sub group B): Located in the d-block; characterized by variable oxidation states and complex ions.
Periodic Table Blocks
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s-block:
- Located on the left; includes alkali metals (ns¹) and alkaline earth metals (ns²).
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p-block:
- Positioned on the right; includes groups IIIA to VIIIA with electronic configurations ranging from ns², np¹ to ns², np⁶.
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d-block:
- Central part of the table; contains transition elements with configurations of ns², (n-1)d¹ to ns², (n-1)d¹⁰.
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f-block:
- Below the main body; consists of two series of 14 elements, with valence electron configurations of ns¹,² (n-2)f¹ to ns¹,²(n-2)f¹⁴.
Electron Configuration and Position
- The position in the periodic table is determined by the electron configuration:
- The principal quantum number (n) indicates the period.
- The number of electrons in the valence shell determines the group.
- Example: Sulfur (atomic number 16) has an electron configuration of 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p⁴; thus, it is in period 3 and group VIA.
General Trends in Representative Elements
- Elements are organized by increasing atomic number and electron configuration, leading to correlated properties.
- Regular progression observed in properties such as atomic radius, electronegativity, and ionization energy among the representative elements.
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Description
This quiz explores the periodic table's structure, including its rows, columns, and the classification of elements. Understand the differences between representative and transition elements, as well as their significance in chemistry. Test your knowledge on this fundamental topic!
