Periodic Table Organization

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary organizing principle of the periodic table?

  • Electron configuration
  • Recurring chemical properties
  • Atomic mass
  • Atomic number (correct)

What is the characteristic of elements in the same period?

  • Trends in atomic radius, electronegativity, and ionization energy (correct)
  • Same number of electrons in their outermost energy level
  • Similar chemical behavior
  • Same orbital type of the last electron added

What is the characteristic of elements in the same group?

  • Same orbital type of the last electron added
  • Trends in atomic radius, electronegativity, and ionization energy
  • Similar chemical behavior (correct)
  • Same number of protons in the nucleus

What is the characteristic of metals?

<p>Typically shiny, malleable, and good conductors of electricity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of metalloids?

<p>Exhibit some properties of metals and some properties of nonmetals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the s-block?

<p>Elements in groups 1 and 2, characterized by a single electron in the outermost energy level (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the trend in atomic radius across a period?

<p>Decreases from left to right (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the trend in electronegativity across a period?

<p>Increases from left to right (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the trend in ionization energy across a period?

<p>Increases from left to right (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many groups are there in the periodic table?

<p>18 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Organization of the Periodic Table

  • The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of elements, organized by their atomic number (number of protons in the nucleus), electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties.
  • The table is divided into rows called periods and columns called groups or families.

Periods

  • There are 7 periods in the periodic table, each representing a new energy level.
  • Elements in the same period show trends in atomic radius, electronegativity, and ionization energy.

Groups

  • There are 18 groups in the periodic table, each representing a new set of recurring chemical properties.
  • Elements in the same group show similar chemical behavior due to the same number of electrons in their outermost energy level.

Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids

  • Metals: typically shiny, malleable, and good conductors of electricity (left side and center of the periodic table).
  • Nonmetals: typically dull, brittle, and poor conductors of electricity (right side of the periodic table).
  • Metalloids: exhibit some properties of metals and some properties of nonmetals (border between metals and nonmetals).

Blocks

  • The periodic table is divided into s, p, d, and f blocks, based on the orbital type of the last electron added.
  • s-block: elements in groups 1 and 2, characterized by a single electron in the outermost energy level.
  • p-block: elements in groups 13-18, characterized by a partially filled p subshell.
  • d-block: elements in groups 3-12, characterized by a partially filled d subshell.
  • f-block: elements in the lanthanide and actinide series, characterized by a partially filled f subshell.
  • Atomic radius: decreases from left to right across a period and increases down a group.
  • Electronegativity: increases from left to right across a period and decreases down a group.
  • Ionization energy: increases from left to right across a period and decreases down a group.

Families of Elements

  • Alkali metals: group 1, characterized by a single electron in the outermost energy level and highly reactive.
  • Alkaline earth metals: group 2, characterized by two electrons in the outermost energy level and less reactive than alkali metals.
  • Halogens: group 17, characterized by seven electrons in the outermost energy level and highly reactive.
  • Noble gases: group 18, characterized by a full outermost energy level and unreactive.

Organization of the Periodic Table

  • The periodic table is arranged according to atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties.

Periods

  • There are 7 periods, each representing a new energy level.
  • Elements in the same period show trends in: • Atomic radius • Electronegativity • Ionization energy

Groups

  • There are 18 groups, each representing a new set of recurring chemical properties.
  • Elements in the same group show similar chemical behavior due to the same number of electrons in their outermost energy level.

Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids

  • Metals: • Typically shiny • Malleable • Good conductors of electricity • Located on the left side and center of the periodic table
  • Nonmetals: • Typically dull • Brittle • Poor conductors of electricity • Located on the right side of the periodic table
  • Metalloids: • Exhibit some properties of metals and some properties of nonmetals • Located on the border between metals and nonmetals

Blocks

  • The periodic table is divided into s, p, d, and f blocks based on the orbital type of the last electron added.
  • s-block: • Elements in groups 1 and 2 • Characterized by a single electron in the outermost energy level
  • p-block: • Elements in groups 13-18 • Characterized by a partially filled p subshell
  • d-block: • Elements in groups 3-12 • Characterized by a partially filled d subshell
  • f-block: • Elements in the lanthanide and actinide series • Characterized by a partially filled f subshell
  • Atomic radius: • Decreases from left to right across a period • Increases down a group
  • Electronegativity: • Increases from left to right across a period • Decreases down a group
  • Ionization energy: • Increases from left to right across a period • Decreases down a group

Families of Elements

  • Alkali metals: • Group 1 • Characterized by a single electron in the outermost energy level • Highly reactive
  • Alkaline earth metals: • Group 2 • Characterized by two electrons in the outermost energy level • Less reactive than alkali metals
  • Halogens: • Group 17 • Characterized by seven electrons in the outermost energy level • Highly reactive
  • Noble gases: • Group 18 • Characterized by a full outermost energy level • Unreactive

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