Periodic Table & Inorganic Compounds Week 13

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Questions and Answers

Which type of arsenic is commonly referred to as 'White Arsenic'?

Cu Aceto Arsenate

Arsenic Trioxide (correct)

Arsenopyrite

K Arsenite

What is the antidote for arsenic poisoning mentioned in the content?

Sodium thiosulfate

Activated charcoal

Acetylcysteine

BAL (correct)

Which of the following arsenic compounds is known as 'Paris Green'?

As+3

Cu Aceto Arsenate (correct)

K Arsenite

H3PO4

What is a notable characteristic of arsenic exposure as it relates to nails?

Fingernails appear pale Signup and view all the answers

Which compound is associated with ‘Fowler’s Solution’ in the treatment of certain conditions?

K Arsenite Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is characterized by an outer s2p3 electron configuration and can exhibit 3+ and 5+ oxidation states?

Phosphorus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of nitrogen gas in medical applications?

To replace air in parenteral solutions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about phosphorus is correct?

It has a diverse range of oxidation states like nitrogen. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a use of liquid nitrogen?

In nitrogen fixation for plants Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements does not share the same tendency to accept electrons as the others in Group V-A?

Bismuth Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of antimony mentioned?

Stibnite Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a pharmaceutical use of antimony compounds?

Antiemetic Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of Babbit metal?

80% Tin and 20% Antimony Signup and view all the answers

What is the active ingredient in Devrom®?

Bismuth Subgallate Signup and view all the answers

What is the antidote for the adverse effects caused by antimony?

BAL (British Anti-Lewisite) Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of the precipitate formed when Sb3+ reacts with H2S?

Orange Signup and view all the answers

Which bismuth compound is known as 'White bismuth'?

Bismuth Subnitrate Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Bi3+ and its precipitate with H2S is correct?

It produces a brownish black precipitate. Signup and view all the answers

What reaction is observed when NH4+ is treated with Nessler’s reagent?

Orange precipitate of HgO.HgNH2I Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic property of tantalum?

Corrosion resistant. Signup and view all the answers

What color change occurs when NH3 is detected in a strong alkaline medium?

Red litmus paper turns blue Signup and view all the answers

Which oxidation states do the elements in group VB predominantly exhibit?

2+ through 5+ Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the volatility of higher oxidation states in group VB elements?

They become more covalent and volatile. Signup and view all the answers

What precipitate is formed by the reaction of Na2SnO2 with Bi3+?

Black precipitate Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of Vanadium?

It is a hard, silvery gray metal. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the behavior of group VB elements in finely divided form?

Inert to chemical actions. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Course Information

Course: Periodic Table of Elements and Pharmaceutical Inorganic Compounds
University: Our Lady of Fatima University
College: College of Pharmacy
Course Code: PCQA111
Week: 13

Unit Outcomes

Students will demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the chemistry of metals, non-metals, and metalloids.

Unit Outline

Elements
Properties
Identification Tests
Compounds and their uses

Checklist

Read learning references before discussion.
Research the meaning of relevant terminologies.
Participate in board discussions.

Group VI-A (The Chromium Subgroup)

This section focuses on the characteristics of elements in Group VI-A (Chalcogens).

Group V-A Elements (Properties)

Characterized by an outer s²p³ electron configuration.
Sharing of 3 or 5 outer electrons results in 3+ and 5+ oxidation states.
Some elements, except bismuth, can also exhibit a 3- oxidation state.
Bismuth doesn't readily accept electrons.

Group V-A Hydrides

The elements in this group form hydrides with hydrogen.
Examples include: PH₃, AsH₃, NH₃, SbH₃, and BiH₃

Group V-A Elements (List)

Nitrogen (N)
Phosphorus (P)
Arsenic (As)
Antimony (Sb)
Bismuth (Bi)

Nitrogen (Properties and Uses)

Often called "Azote" or "Mephitic Air".
Occurs freely in the atmosphere.
A component of plant and animal tissue.
Essential for nitrogen fixation in plants.
Used in replacing atmospheric air in parenteral solutions.
Inert due to triple bonds.
Used as a refrigerant in liquid nitrogen.
Forms various compounds like NO, NO₂, etc.

Phosphorus (Properties, Varieties and Uses)

St. Elmo's Fire
Light carrier (match)
White/Yellow (poisonous)
Red (non-poisonous)
Use in matches preparation
Forms allotropes (white, red, black phosphorus) that differ in structure and reactivity.

Allotropic Modifications of Phosphorus

White phosphorus: Discrete tetrahedral P₄ molecules, very reactive, glows in the dark, and is soluble in CS₂ but insoluble in water.
Red phosphorus: Polymeric structure consisting of chains of P₄ units, less reactive than white phosphorus, does not glow in the dark, and is insoluble in water and CS₂.
Black phosphorus: Exists in α and β forms, very less reactive, has an opaque structure.

Physiological Buffer Components

HCO₃⁻, H₂CO₃: Found in plasma and kidneys
HPO₄²⁻, H₃PO₄: Found in cells and kidneys
Hemoglobin (Hgb) and other essential compounds (CHON): RBC, most effective single system for buffering metabolic processes, H₂CO₃

Arsenic (Properties and Uses)

Various oxidation states (As⁺³ and As⁺⁵).
Toxic, protoplasmic poison.
Component of Lewisite metal.
Used in anti-syphilis treatment (Salvarsan, Arsphenamine, Compound 606).
Used in the preparation of various insecticides.
Used as an antileukemic agent.

Arsenic Sources and Compounds

Arsenopyrite (Iron Arsenic Sulfide - FeAsS)
Cu Acetoarsenate ("Paris Green")
K Arsenite ("Fowler's Solution")
Donovan's solution (red solution containing AsI₃ or HgI₂)

Arsenic Toxicity

Causes pale nail bonds on finger nails.
Binds to sulfhydryl groups (cysteine-rich in sulfhydryl).
Antidote: BAL

Arsenic Identification Test (Gutzeit Test)

A light brown spot appears in the filter paper moistened with silver nitrate when arsenic is present.

Arsenic Trioxide (Properties and Uses)

Also known as "White Arsenic".
Used as a tonic and antileukemic agent.
Component of Paris green, Fowler's solution, and Donovan's solution.
Standard for CeSO₄.

Antimony (Sources)

Senarmontite (Antimony Trioxide)
Valentinite (Antimony Oxide)
Cervantite (Antimony Tetroxide)
Antimony glance (Stibnite – "orange red sulfide")

Antimony (Pharmaceutical Uses)

Expectorant
Emetic
Anthelmintic (treating parasitic worms)

Antimony Potassium Tartrate ("Tartar Emetic")

Component of Brown's mixture
Emetic
Expectorant
Treatment for schistosomiasis.

Babbitt Metal (Properties and Composition)

Alloy of Antimony
80% Tin and 20% Antimony

Bismuth (Properties and Uses)

"Beautiful Meadow"
Use in silvering mirrors
Pharmaceutical uses: astringent, antiseptic, and internal protective material
Protoplasmic poison
Adverse effects: blue-black lining of gums, black stools
Antidote: BAL

Bismuth Compounds (Uses)

Bismuth Subcarbonate: Antacid, antiseptic, and astringent.
Bismuth Subgallate: Active ingredient in Devrom® (over-the-counter medicine), commonly used for treating odors by deodorizing flatulence and stools.
Bismuth Subnitrate: Known as "white bismuth", incompatible with tragacanth (use NaHPO₄ as a remedy), commonly used in treating ulcers and GI inflammation.
Milk of Bismuth ("Bismuth Cream"): Bi(OH)₃ + Bismuth Subcarbonate, internal protective for gastric ulcers, used for H. pylori

Identification Tests (Various)

NH₄⁺: Nessler's reagent (alkaline K₂HgI₄) yields orange ppt of HgO.HgNH₂I, evolution of NH₃ by heating with strong alkali.
CN⁻: AgNO₃ yields white ppt of AgCN insoluble in HNO₃, Hg₂(NO₃)₂ yields black ppt of metallic Hg.
SCN⁻: FeCl₃ yields blood-red solution of Fe(SCN)²⁺
Sb³⁺: H₂S yields orange ppt of Sb₂S₃, soluble in Na₂S.
Al Metal: black ppt of metallic Sb, insoluble in NaOBr (sodium hypobromide reagent)
Bi³⁺: H₂S yields brownish black ppt of Bi₂S₃ insoluble in Na₂S. Na₂SnO₂ yields black ppt of metallic Bi.

Identification Tests Table Data

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Pop Quiz Questions

Give the 5 elements under group VA. - Give the characteristics of elements under group VB.
Give identification tests for group VA elements.

Assessment

Take Quiz # [Insert Missing Detail] with 20 questions and 20 minutes time limit.

References

Qualitative Analysis by Esmarch S. Gilreath
Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy 21st Edition.

Supporting Videos

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Description

This quiz covers the properties and characteristics of elements in Group VI-A and Group V-A of the periodic table. Students are expected to demonstrate their understanding of metals, non-metals, and metalloids along with the identification tests and applications of various compounds. Prepare thoroughly by reviewing the learning references and participating in discussions.