Periodic Table: History & Trends
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following properties are characteristics of noble gases?

  • Radioactive elements (correct)
  • Gases at room temperature (correct)
  • High melting points
  • Highly reactive

    • Which noble gas is known to be radioactive?

  • Krypton (Kr)
  • Radon (Rn) (correct)
  • Argon (Ar)
  • Neon (Ne)

    • Which category of elements includes Noble gases?

  • Transition metals
  • Non-metals (correct)
  • Metals
  • Metalloids

    • Which of the following elements is NOT a noble gas?

    <p>Kryptonite (Kr) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common trait of noble gases in terms of reactivity?

    <p>They are unreactive. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which row of the periodic table do noble gases typically appear?

    <p>Last row (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which noble gas is commonly used in lighted signs due to its color when ionized?

    <p>Neon (Ne) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the property of noble gases that makes them suitable for certain types of lighting.

    <p>Emission of specific colors when excited (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed the 'Law of octaves' in the arrangement of elements?

    <p>John Newlands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic did Mendeleev's table exhibit regarding unknown elements?

    <p>He left spaces for them. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Mendeleev do when elements did not fit the order of increasing atomic mass?

    <p>He corrected their atomic masses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which other chemist published a similar table of elements organized by increasing atomic mass alongside Mendeleev?

    <p>Lothar Meyer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property of gallium was compared to the predicted properties of Eka-aluminium?

    <p>Density of solid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How confident was Mendeleev in his table regarding the prediction of unknown elements?

    <p>He was confident and made detailed predictions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the melting point that Mendeleev predicted for Eka-aluminium?

    <p>Low (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What series did Glenn T. Seaborg move elements into below the Lanthanide series?

    <p>Actinide series (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Glenn T. Seaborg is true?

    <p>He is the only person to have an element named after him while still alive. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the horizontal rows in the periodic table called?

    <p>Periods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the vertical rows in the periodic table?

    <p>Families (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many new elements did Glenn T. Seaborg discover in 1944?

    <p>10 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements is located in the Actinide series?

    <p>Uranium (U) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements are not part of the Lanthanide series?

    <p>Tantalum (Ta) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Seaborg's contribution to the periodic table involved which of the following?

    <p>Rearranging the placement of 14 elements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which elements are known to be soluble in both acids and alkalis?

    <p>Li, Na, K, Ca (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major issue arose with Mendeleev's periodic table?

    <p>Some elements were out of order by atomic mass. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who determined the actual nuclear charge of elements and arranged them by atomic number?

    <p>Henry Moseley (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pair of elements are known to have discrepancies in their order by atomic mass?

    <p>Co and Ni (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major structural change did Moseley's work bring to the periodic table?

    <p>Arranging by increasing atomic number (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age was Henry Moseley killed in World War I?

    <p>28 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements fall under the Lanthanide series?

    <p>Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements did Mendeleev predict correctly?

    <p>Ga, Sc, Ge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property is characteristic of alkali metals?

    <p>Soft and silver-colored (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of elements reacts violently with water to produce hydrogen gas?

    <p>Alkali Metals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do alkaline earth metals primarily react with to produce oxides?

    <p>Oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metal group is known for forming multivalent ions?

    <p>Transition Metals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining characteristic of inner transition metals?

    <p>Mostly radioactive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is characterized by their non-metallic properties and high reactivity?

    <p>Halogens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is true of transition metals?

    <p>Brightly colored compounds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reactivity of alkaline earth metals with hydrogen, except for beryllium?

    <p>Highly reactive forming hydrides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property describes alkali metals when they are exposed to air?

    <p>They tarnish quickly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What state do halogens exist in at room temperature?

    <p>Liquid, gas, and solid states (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant physical property of transition metals?

    <p>Strong, hard metals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is common about the reactivity of alkaline earth metals compared to alkali metals?

    <p>Alkaline earth metals are less reactive (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinct characteristic do lanthanide and actinide series have?

    <p>Known as Rare Earth Elements and often unstable (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What reaction is typical for halogens with metals?

    <p>They form salts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Periodic Table: History & Trends

    • Nineteenth-century chemists categorized elements based on similar physical and chemical properties.
    • The final result of these studies led to the modern periodic table.

    John Newlands

    • In 1863, many more elements had been discovered.
    • He proposed arranging elements in groups of seven.
    • He observed that repeating properties emerge every seventh element when arranged by increasing atomic mass.
    • He called this the "Law of Octaves."
    • His contemporaries didn't support his theory, and his work was rejected.

    Dmitri Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer

    • In 1869, Mendeleev published a table arranging elements by increasing atomic mass.
    • Lothar Meyer simultaneously created a similar table.
    • Both left spaces for undiscovered elements in their tables.

    Known Elements

    • This slide displays a table of discovered elements in Mendeleev's time.

    Mendeleev's Predictions and Accuracy

    • Mendeleev correctly predicted properties of undiscovered elements (like Eka-aluminum and Gallium).
    • These elements' discovery validated Mendeleev's table, leading to its wide acceptance.
    • Mendeleev corrected the atomic masses of certain elements as necessary
    • Accuracy of Predictions

    Henry Moseley & Atomic Number

    • Henry Moseley used X-rays to determine the actual nuclear charge (atomic number) of elements.
    • He arranged the periodic table by increasing atomic number, which resolved inconsistencies in the earlier table arranged based on atomic mass.

    Glenn T. Seaborg

    • In 1944, he repositioned newly discovered elements below the lanthanide series, creating the actinide series.

    Periodic Table: Terminology

    • Horizontal rows are called periods.
    • Vertical columns are called groups or families, with similar physical and chemical properties.

    Periodic Law

    • Arranging elements by increasing atomic number reveals a periodicity in physical and chemical properties.
    • This leads to recognized families or groups of elements.
    • (this is the principle behind the periodic table)

    Alkali Metals

    • Soft, silver-colored metals.
    • Solid at room temperature.
    • Have metallic properties.
    • React violently with water, forming hydrogen gas.
    • React easily with halogens.

    Alkaline Earth Metals

    • Light, gray-white luster.
    • Very reactive metals (except Beryllium).
    • Have metallic properties.
    • React with oxygen to form oxides.
    • React with hydrogen to form hydrides.

    Transition Metals

    • Wide range of chemical and physical properties.
    • Strong, hard metals with high melting points.
    • Good conductors of electricity.
    • Varying reactivity and forming multivalent ions.
    • React with oxygen to form oxides. Often brightly colored.

    Inner Transition Metals

    • Rare elements, often unstable.
    • Mostly radioactive.
    • Includes the lanthanide and actinide series.

    Halogens

    • Occur in various states.
    • Non-metallic properties.
    • Non-lustrous.
    • Non-conductors.
    • Extremely reactive, reacting with hydrogen and other metals (particularly alkali and alkaline earth metals).

    Noble Gases

    • Exist as gases at room temperature.
    • Low melting points.
    • Very unreactive elements.
    • Radioactive elements, like Radon (Rn).

    Metals

    • (This is probably a summary of the periodic table).
    • (Likely includes a table representation of Metals).

    Non-Metals

    • (This is probably a summary of the periodic table, featuring non-metals only).
    • (Likely includes a table representation of non-Metals)

    Metalloids

    • (This slide likely provides details on metalloids as listed)

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    Related Documents

    1.1 Periodic Table: History & Trends PDF

    Description

    Explore the fascinating development of the periodic table from its origins with Nineteenth-century chemists to the innovative contributions of John Newlands, Dmitri Mendeleev, and Lothar Meyer. Dive into their theories, predictions, and the significance of their discoveries in understanding chemical elements.

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