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Questions and Answers
In Mendeleev's periodic table, how were the elements primarily arranged?
In Mendeleev's periodic table, how were the elements primarily arranged?
- Alphabetically by element name.
- By similar physical properties, regardless of mass.
- By increasing atomic mass. (correct)
- By increasing atomic number.
The modern periodic law states that the properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic masses.
The modern periodic law states that the properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic masses.
False (B)
What is the primary distinction between a compound and a mixture?
What is the primary distinction between a compound and a mixture?
- Mixtures involve chemically bonded substances, while compounds do not.
- Mixtures are always homogeneous; compounds are always heterogeneous.
- Compounds can only be formed from metallic elements.
- Compounds involve chemically bonded elements, while mixtures do not. (correct)
In the periodic table, elements in the same ______ exhibit similar chemical properties due to having the same number of valence electrons.
In the periodic table, elements in the same ______ exhibit similar chemical properties due to having the same number of valence electrons.
Match each element with its common application:
Match each element with its common application:
Which of the following statements accurately describes the trends observed within a period on the periodic table?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the trends observed within a period on the periodic table?
Alkali metals are typically found in their pure, elemental form in nature due to their low reactivity.
Alkali metals are typically found in their pure, elemental form in nature due to their low reactivity.
Explain how the arrangement of elements in the periodic table reflects recurring patterns of chemical behavior.
Explain how the arrangement of elements in the periodic table reflects recurring patterns of chemical behavior.
Which of the following elements is least likely to be found in its elemental form in nature?
Which of the following elements is least likely to be found in its elemental form in nature?
The modern periodic table arranges elements in order of increasing ______, which resolves discrepancies found in Mendeleev's original table.
The modern periodic table arranges elements in order of increasing ______, which resolves discrepancies found in Mendeleev's original table.
What characteristic of transition metals makes them suitable for use in jewelry and construction?
What characteristic of transition metals makes them suitable for use in jewelry and construction?
Elements within the same period exhibit similar chemical properties.
Elements within the same period exhibit similar chemical properties.
Explain the significance of valence electrons in determining an element's chemical behavior.
Explain the significance of valence electrons in determining an element's chemical behavior.
Which pair of elements is most likely to form a stable compound?
Which pair of elements is most likely to form a stable compound?
Unlike compounds, mixtures can be separated by ______ means since they are not chemically bonded.
Unlike compounds, mixtures can be separated by ______ means since they are not chemically bonded.
What distinguishes metals from non-metals on the periodic table?
What distinguishes metals from non-metals on the periodic table?
The atomic weight of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
The atomic weight of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
Explain why noble gases are generally inert and what makes them useful in specific applications.
Explain why noble gases are generally inert and what makes them useful in specific applications.
Which of the following best describes the role of carbon in organic compounds?
Which of the following best describes the role of carbon in organic compounds?
Elements classified as ______ exhibit characteristics of both metals and non-metals and are often used as semiconductors.
Elements classified as ______ exhibit characteristics of both metals and non-metals and are often used as semiconductors.
Salt is an alkali metal, [blank], and another element [blank], combined.
Salt is an alkali metal, [blank], and another element [blank], combined.
Elements in families do not have similar properties.
Elements in families do not have similar properties.
Describe the significance of Calcium.
Describe the significance of Calcium.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the properties of the three classes of elements, Metals, Non-metals and Metalloids?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the properties of the three classes of elements, Metals, Non-metals and Metalloids?
Elements in the same ______ have similar properties.
Elements in the same ______ have similar properties.
Which statement regarding elements in periods is correct?
Which statement regarding elements in periods is correct?
In the modern periodic table elects are arranged in order of increasing atomic number.
In the modern periodic table elects are arranged in order of increasing atomic number.
Which statement about alkali metals regarding their inclusion and hydrogen is correct?
Which statement about alkali metals regarding their inclusion and hydrogen is correct?
Several of these elements are important [blank], like Calcium?
Several of these elements are important [blank], like Calcium?
Alkali Metals combine with something else in ______.
Alkali Metals combine with something else in ______.
Transition Metals are elements in what group(s)?
Transition Metals are elements in what group(s)?
Boron has properties of non-metals only.
Boron has properties of non-metals only.
Nitrogen makes up more than what fraction of Earth's atmosphere?
Nitrogen makes up more than what fraction of Earth's atmosphere?
The red tip of matches is made of what element?
The red tip of matches is made of what element?
Many things that have a bad odor contain ______.
Many things that have a bad odor contain ______.
All of the statements about Halogens are correct EXCEPT:
All of the statements about Halogens are correct EXCEPT:
The Noble Gases are known as VERY reactive gases.
The Noble Gases are known as VERY reactive gases.
What is the role of Chlorine in swimming pools?
What is the role of Chlorine in swimming pools?
What is the result of all others Actinides?
What is the result of all others Actinides?
Metals are generally used for coating to avoid ______.
Metals are generally used for coating to avoid ______.
Which of the following elements would most likely freeze as a room temperature?
Which of the following elements would most likely freeze as a room temperature?
Flashcards
What is the Periodic Table?
What is the Periodic Table?
A chart of elements arranged by atomic number and chemical properties.
What is the Atomic Number?
What is the Atomic Number?
The number of protons in an atom's nucleus, unique to each element.
What is Atomic Weight?
What is Atomic Weight?
The average mass of an element's atoms, considering isotopes.
What is a chemical symbol?
What is a chemical symbol?
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What is an Element?
What is an Element?
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What is a Compound?
What is a Compound?
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What is a Mixture?
What is a Mixture?
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What is Mendeleev's Periodic Table?
What is Mendeleev's Periodic Table?
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What is The Periodic Law?
What is The Periodic Law?
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What are Periods?
What are Periods?
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What are Groups?
What are Groups?
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What are the Alkali Metals?
What are the Alkali Metals?
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What are the Alkaline Earth Metals?
What are the Alkaline Earth Metals?
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What are Transition Metals?
What are Transition Metals?
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What is the Boron Family?
What is the Boron Family?
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What is a compound formed of carbon and oxygen?
What is a compound formed of carbon and oxygen?
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What is the Carbon Family?
What is the Carbon Family?
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What is the Nitrogen Family?
What is the Nitrogen Family?
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What is the Oxygen Family or Chalcogens?
What is the Oxygen Family or Chalcogens?
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What are the Halogens?
What are the Halogens?
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What are the Noble Gases?
What are the Noble Gases?
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Study Notes
- Chapter 1: Elements in the Periodic Table
Introduction to the Periodic Table
- Key concepts include atomic number, symbol, atomic weight, element, compound, and mixture.
- Dmitri Mendeleev created the periodic table.
What Is the Periodic Table?
- Shows all known elements in the universe.
- Organizes elements by their chemical properties.
How to Read the Periodic Table
- Each element's cell includes the atomic number, symbol, name, and atomic weight.
What Is the Symbol?
- A symbol is an abbreviation of the element's name.
Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures
- An element is a substance composed of only one type of atom that cannot be broken down by chemical or physical means.
- A compound consists of two or more different elements chemically bonded together.
- A mixture consists of two or more substances that are mixed together but not chemically bonded.
The Periodic Law
- The modern periodic table arranges elements by increasing atomic number.
- The periodic law states that elements arranged by increasing atomic number show a periodic repetition of physical and chemical properties.
General Info About the Periodic Table
- The periodic table consists of rows and columns of elements.
- An element is identified by its chemical symbol.
- The number above the symbol is the atomic number.
- The number below the symbol is the rounded atomic weight.
- A row is called a period.
- A column is called a group.
Element Classes
- Elements are grouped into metals, nonmetals, and metalloids based on general properties.
Grouped Elements and Families
- Elements in the same group (column) share similar properties.
- Chemical property: A property used to characterize materials in reactions that change their identity (e.g., burning).
- Physical property: A characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing its identity (e.g., length, color, mass, volume).
- Elements in periods do not have similar properties.
Alkali Metals
- Alkali Metals belong to Group 1 which are soft and shiny.
- Does not include hydrogen.
- These are reactive metals that always combine with something else in nature
- Salt is an example. It is an alkali metal (sodium) combined with chlorine.
Alkaline Earth Metals
- Alkaline Earth Metals belong to Group 2.
- These are considered reactive metals that combine with non-metals
- These elements provide import mineral nutrients, such as Calcium.
- These metals are fairly hard, gray-white, and good conductors of electricity
- More reactive than most metals from group 1
Transition Metals
- Transition Metals belong to Groups 3-12.
- Less reactive and harder metals.
- Used in jewelry, money, and construction.
- Hard, shiny, good conductors of heat and electricity.
- Form colorful compounds.
- Less reactive and often used in jewelry.
- Iron is essential for hemoglobin production.
Lanthanides
- Soft, shiny, malleable metals with high conductivity.
- Often used in alloys with more common elements.
- Found together and difficult to separate due to sharing common properties
Actinides
- Ac, Th, Pa, and U can be found in nature
- All others are synthetic elements made in particle accelerators
Boron Family
- The Boron Family belongs to Group 13.
- Boron has properties of both metals and non-metals.
- The rest of the elements in the group are metals.
Carbon Family
- The Carbon Family belongs to Group 14.
- This group is important to life and for use in computers
- Carbon is the basic element in all organic compounds.
- Silicon and Germanium are important semiconductors.
Nitrogen Family
- The Nitrogen Family belongs to Group 15.
- Nitrogen makes up more than ¾ of Earth's atmosphere.
- The red tip of matches is made of phosphorous.
Metals In Groups 13 - 15
- Generally, these metals are less reactive.
- Aluminum is often used in cans and airplanes
- Tin is a thin-coating which protects steel from corrosion
- Lead is poisonous, and used in batteries
Oxygen Family or Chalcogens
- The Oxygen Family belongs to Group 16.
- Oxygen is necessary for respiration.
- Many things that have a bad odor contain sulfur
Halogens
- Halogens belong to Group 17.
- They are very reactive, diatomic non-metals
- Always found combined with other elements in nature.
- Chlorine is used to keep bacteria out of swimming pools.
Noble Gases
- Noble Gases belong to Group 18.
- Rarely reactive gases.
- Often used in lighted neon signs.
- Helium is used to make party balloons float.
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