Periodic Table: Atomic Structure and Properties
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Questions and Answers

List the parts of an atom.

Protons, neutrons, and electrons.

What does the atomic number of an element tell you?

The number of protons in the atom's nucleus.

What does the mass number of an element tell you?

The total number of protons and neutrons in the atom's nucleus.

What is the charge of a proton?

<p>Positive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the charge of an electron?

<p>Negative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the atomic number of lithium?

<p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass number of lithium?

<p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many protons are there in an atom of lithium?

<p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons are there in an atom of lithium?

<p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

The mass of an iron measuring 1 cm³ is less than mass of sodium measuring 1 cm³

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What name is given to the measure of mass for a fixed volume of a substance?

<p>Density</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the Danish scientist who developed Rutherford's model of the atom further in 1913?

<p>Niels Bohr</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons are there in an atom of carbon?

<p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many protons are there in an atom of beryllium?

<p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many neutrons are there in an atom of boron?

<p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the element that has the electronic structure 2,8,3?

<p>Aluminium</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the model of the atom we use today different from the Rutherford model?

<p>Electrons move in different electron shells around the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Periodic Table

A chart organizing elements by atomic number and properties.

Atomic Number

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus, defining the element.

Mass Number

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

Protons

Positively charged particles in the atom's nucleus.

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Electrons

Negatively charged particles orbiting the atom's nucleus.

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Neutrons

Neutral particles in the atom's nucleus.

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Neutral Atom

An atom with an equal number of protons and electrons, resulting in no net charge.

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Electron Shells

Region surrounding the nucleus that contain electrons.

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Electronic Structure

Arrangement of electrons in the electron shells of an atom.

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Electrostatic forces

Attractive forces between electrons and nucleus.

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Energy Levels

Specific, fixed distances from the nucleus where electrons can exist.

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First Shell Capacity?

The first electron shell can hold a maximum of how many electrons?

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Second and Third Shells

Shells further from the nucleus, holding up to eight electrons each.

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Density

A measure of mass per unit volume.

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Niels Bohr

Danish scientist who developed the model of electron shells.

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Bohr's Model

The model of the atom with electrons orbiting the nucleus in specific shells.

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Electrons in Neutral Carbon

If an atom has 6 protons, how many electrons does it have?

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Protons in Beryllium

Beryllium has an atomic number of 4. How many protons are in its nucleus?

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Neutrons in Boron

Boron has a mass number of 11 and 5 protons. How many neutrons does it have?

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Magnesium's Electron Configuration

Magnesium has 12 electrons. How are they arranged in electron shells?

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Element with Electronic Structure 2,8,3

Which element has an electronic structure of 2,8,3?

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Fluorine Atomic Diagram

Draw the atomic diagram of the element Fluorine to show it's structure.

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Modern vs. Rutherford's Model

How does the current model of the atom differ from Rutherford's?

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Chemical Properties

What determines the chemical properties of an atom?

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Mass and Periodic Table Position

What happens to the mass of an atom as you go down the periodic table?

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Charge of neutrons

What charge do Neutrons have?

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Unit For Density

What is the unit for density?

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Electronic Structure

Measure of electrons around the nucleus.

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The Pattern Of The Atomic Number

What happens to the atomic number as you go down the periodic table?

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Lithiums Atomic Number?

Lithium's Atomic Number

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Study Notes

  • Elements increase in mass moving from left to right and downwards on the Periodic Table.
  • Hydrogen has less mass than sodium.

Atomic Number

  • Each element possesses one
  • Indicates the number of protons in the element.
  • Increases by one with each subsequent element.

Mass Number

  • Every element has one.
  • Indicates the amount of protons and neutrons in an atom.

Electrical Charge

  • Protons have a positive charge.
  • Electrons have a negative charge.
  • Neutrons have no charge.
  • Atoms have no overall charge because the number of protons is the same as the number of electrons.

Lithium

  • It is a metal
  • Atomic number is 3
  • Mass number is 7
  • Number of protons = 3
  • Number of electrons = 3
  • Number of neutrons = 4 (7-3=4)

Atomic Mass

  • Hydrogen has an atomic mass of 1.
  • Carbon has an atomic mass of 12.
  • One carbon atom has 12 times more mass than one hydrogen atom

Density

  • Measure of mass for a fixed volume of a substance.
  • Density of iron is 7.87 g/cm³.
  • Density of sodium is 0.97 g/cm³.
  • Iron is more dense than sodium.

Arranging Electrons

  • Niels Bohr developed Rutherford's model further in 1913
  • Bohr proposed that electrons move in different electron shells, also called energy levels, around the nucleus
  • Bohr won the Nobel Prize for his work, which changed the model of the atom.
  • Electrons are arranged in shells around the nucleus, creating the electronic structure.
  • The first electron shell holds up to two electrons.
  • The second and third shells hold up to eight electrons each.
  • Electrons are held in place by electrostatic forces.
  • The arrangement of electrons is often written as numbers.
  • Boron has an electronic arrangement of 2,3.
  • This represents two electrons in the first shell and three in the next shell.
  • The first shell always fills up before electrons occupy the second shell.

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Description

Explore the structure of the periodic table, focusing on atomic number, mass number, and electrical charge. Learn about protons, electrons, and neutrons, and their roles in determining an element's properties. Examples of lithium, hydrogen, and carbon are provided with associated numbers.

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