Period 6 Exam Study Guide

Period 6 Exam Study Guide

• 6.2 Transcontinental Railroads, Great Plains, Buffalo Herds, Barbed Wire, Homestead Act, Farm Protest Movements, National Grange Movement, Cooperatives, Granger Laws

• Transcontinental railroads facilitated west expansion, impacting various aspects of the Great Plains, buffalo herds, and agricultural practices. The Homestead Act encouraged westward migration, leading to tensions with existing populations. Farm protests arose as farmers faced economic struggles; these often culminated in the formation of groups like the "National Grange" aiming to improve their conditions through legislation like "Granger laws."

• 6.3 Frederick Jackson Turner, "The Significance of the Frontier in American History," Little Big Horn, Ghost Dance movement, Helen Hunt Jackson, Dawes Act of 1887, Forest Reserve Act of 1891

• Frederick Jackson Turner's essay characterized the US frontier's influence on American identity and ideals. The Little Bighorn battle resulted in a significant Native American victory. The Ghost Dance movement was a spiritual reaction to westward expansion and government policies. Helen Hunt Jackson documented injustices towards Native Americans. The Dawes Act aimed to assimilate Native Americans into American society. The Forest Reserve Act of 1891 protected natural resources from exploitation.

• 6.4 "New South," Henry Grady, Birmingham, Memphis, Richmond, National Rail Network, Tenant Farmers, Sharecroppers, Tuskegee Institute, Racial Discrimination, White Supremacists, Plessy v. Ferguson, Jim Crow laws, literacy tests, poll taxes, grandfather clauses, lynch mobs, Ida B. Wells, Booker T. Washington, W. E. B. Du Bois

• The "New South" era was marked by economic diversification; Birmingham's steel industry grew, while Memphis's lumber and Richmond's tobacco businesses thrived. The national rail network connected Southern cities, but the economic system often relied on exploitation of labor forces. Racial discrimination and violence were persistent. Legal and extralegal methods (like lynching) deprived African Americans of their rights. The Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision resulted in legal segregation, and Jim Crow laws emerged.

• 6.5 Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas Edison

• Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. Thomas Edison contributed to numerous inventions, particularly in electricity.

• 6.6 - (Information not available in provided text):

• 6.7 Organized Labor, wage earners, collective bargaining, railroad strike of 1877, National Labor Union, Knights of Labor, Haymarket bombing, American Federation of Labor (AFL), Samuel Gompers, Homestead strike, Pullman strike, Eugene V. Debs

• Organized labor movements emerged, including collective bargaining and strikes. Key moments included the railroad strike of 1877, the Haymarket Affair, Homestead strike and the Pullman strike.

• 6.8 "pushes" "pulls", "old" immigrants, "new" immigrants, Chinese Exclusion Act, tenement apartments, dumbbell tenements, ethnic neighborhoods

• Immigration patterns were affected by "push" and "pull" factors. New immigrants often faced discrimination, as demonstrated by the Chinese Exclusion Act and their living conditions in tenements and ethnic neighborhoods

• 6.9 American Protective Association, Chinese Exclusion Act, political machines, "boss", Tammany Hall, Jane Addams, settlement houses, melting pot, cultural diversity

• American Protective Association and political machines like Tammany Hall influenced social and political issues. Activists like Jane Addams established settlement houses to aid marginalized communities.

• 6.10 Growth of the Middle, Gospel of Wealth, philanthropy, working women, growth of suburbs, professions, growth of leisure time, Social Gospel

• The middle class expanded, influencing societal norms and philanthropists like Andrew Carnegie. Women entered new professions, and leisure time activities became more common.

• 6.11 Social Gospel, Jane Addams, divorce, family size, Susan B. Anthony, NAWSA, WCTU, Anti-Saloon League, Carrie A. Nation

• The Social Gospel movement emphasized social reform and addressing issues like poverty and injustice. Various women's rights movements, like NAWSA, emerged to advocate for suffrage and reform issues.

• 6.12 Role of Government, federal land grants, railroad rates, Interstate Commerce Act of 1887, antitrust movement, Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, Civil Service Commission, high tariffs

• The government's role expanded, enacting legislation like the Interstate Commerce Act and Sherman Antitrust Act to address economic issues and regulate industries. High tariffs were commonplace.

• 6.13 rise of the Populists, Farmers' Alliances, William Jennings Bryan "Cross of Gold" speech, unlimited coinage of silver

• The Populist Party arose advocating for rural interests, specifically farmers; key issues revolved around monetary reforms, silver coinage, and regulation of big business.

Prepare for your Period 6 exam with this comprehensive study guide. Cover key topics such as transcontinental railroads, the Homestead Act, and significant historical figures like Frederick Jackson Turner. Understand the implications of these events on American history and the struggles of farmers during this crucial period.