أسئلة السابعة أناتومي Repro

• The perineum's anterior border is the lower border of the symphysis pubis
• The perineum's posterior is the tip of the coccyx
• The perineum's lateral borders are the pubic arch, ischial tuberosity, and sacrotuberous ligament
• The perineum is divided by a line passing through the ischial tuberosities
• It is divided into the urogenital triangle anteriorly and the anal triangle posteriorly

Perineal Body

• The perineal body is a fibromuscular mass at the midline of the perineum
• In males, its location is between the anal canal and bulb of the penis
• In females, its location is between the anal canal and lower part of the vagina
• Muscles attached to it on each side include transverse perineal muscles
• The posterior muscle attached is the external anal sphincter
• The anterior attached muscle is the bulbospongiosus
• The superior muscle attached is the levator ani
• The function of the perineal body is to provide support to pelvic organs, especially in females

Ischio-rectal Fossa

• The ischio-rectal fossa is the space on each side of the anal canal
• The apex is the origin of the levator ani from the white line
• The base is the skin of the perineum
• The medial boundary is the levator ani and external anal sphincter
• The lateral boundary is the obturator internus and obturator fascia
• The anterior boundary is the perineal membrane
• The posterior boundary is the sacrotuberous ligament
• The content of the ischio-rectal fossa includes fat, which allows distension of the anal canal
• The ischio-rectal fossa also contains inferior rectal nerve and vessels and scrotal or labial nerves and vessels
• It also contains the perineal branch of the 4th sacral nerve
• The pudendal canal contains the splitting of the obturator fascia
• The pudendal canal contains from above downward the dorsal nerve of the penis or clitoris
• It also contains internal pudendal vessels and the perineal nerve
• The ischio-rectal fossa is a common site for abscesses formation

Urogenital Triangle - Deep Perineal Pouch

• The roof of the deep perineal pouch is the pelvic fascia
• The floor is the perineal membrane
• The anterior is closed by the fusion of the roof and floor
• The posterior is closed by the fusion of the roof and floor
• The deep perineal pouch in females contains the urethra and vagina
• It contains the internal pudendal artery and artery of the bulb
• Also contains the dorsal nerve of the clitoris
• Also contains the urogenital diaphragm ("external urethral sphincter & deep transverse perineal")
• In males, the deep perineal pouch contains the membranous urethra and bulbourethral gland
• The arteries present are the internal pudendal artery and artery of the bulb
• The nerves present are the dorsal nerve of the penis
• The muscles are the urogenital diaphragm ("external urethral sphincter & deep transverse perineal")

Urogenital Triangle - Superficial Perineal Pouch (Female)

• The roof is the perineal membrane
• The floor is the superficial membranous fascia
• The pouch opens into the anterior abdominal wall and is closed by the fusion of the roof and floor
• The organs present are the urethra, vagina, root of clitoris, and great vestibular "bartholin" gland
• The arteries present are the deep and dorsal arteries of the clitoris and the artery of the bulb
• The nerves present are the dorsal nerve of the clitoris and labial nerves
• The muscles present are the superficial transverse perineal, bulbospongiosus, and ischiocavernosus

Urogenital Triangle - Superficial Perineal Pouch (Male)

• The male superficial perineal pouch contains the penile urethra and root of the penis
• The arteries present are deep, dorsal arteries of the penis, and the artery of bulb
• The nerves present are the dorsal nerve of the penis and scrotal nerves
• The muscles present are the superficial transverse perineal, bulbospongiosus, and ischiocavernosus

Structures piercing the perineal membrane in females

• The structures that pierce through the perineal membrane in females includes the urethra, vagina
• Also the internal pudendal artery and artery of bulb pierce through
• Also, the internal pudendal artery and artery of bulb
• Finally the dorsal nerve of the clitoris
• Lastly, the membranous urethra and duct of the bulbourethral gland

Structures piercing the perineal membrane in males

• The structures that pierce the perineal membrane in males includes the membranous urethra and the duct of the bulbourethral gland
• Also, the internal pudendal artery and the artery of the bulb
• Finally, the dorsal nerve of the penis