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Pelvis Lab Session N°2
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Pelvis Lab Session N°2

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Questions and Answers

What is the relationship between the structures mentioned in the section 'Homology of structures in the male and female perineum'?

  • Homologous (correct)
  • Identical
  • Different
  • Analogous
  • Which of the following topics is NOT related to the male reproductive organs?

  • Boundary of the fossa (correct)
  • Venous drainage
  • Arterial supply
  • Lymphatic drainage
  • What is the primary function of the pelvic diaphragm?

  • To support the genitalia and urinary tract
  • To connect the sacrum and coccyx
  • To form the anal canal and anus
  • To separate the pelvic cavity from the perineum (correct)
  • Which muscle is responsible for forming the U-shaped muscular sling around the anorectal junction?

    <p>Levator ani muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the region located in front of the line, containing the genitalia and the terminal region of the urinary tract?

    <p>Urogenital triangle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the ligament that connects the sacrum and coccyx?

    <p>Sacrotuberous ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the muscle that forms the pelvic diaphragm, along with the levator ani muscle?

    <p>Not mentioned in the text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the pelvis contains the anal canal and anus?

    <p>Anal triangle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the body is located posterior to the line?

    <p>Anal triangle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed by the fusion of fascia and fibers of the urogenital diaphragm and the pelvic diaphragm?

    <p>Perineal body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is part of the urogenital diaphragm?

    <p>Deep transverse perineal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fatty layer of the superficial perineal fascia continuous with?

    <p>The ischioanal fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the superficial perineal fascia composed of?

    <p>A superficial fatty layer and a deeper fibrous layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the male, what happens to the fatty layer of the superficial perineal fascia when it reaches the scrotum and skin of penis?

    <p>It diminishes to a monocellular film</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the fibrous layer of the superficial perineal fascia in the lower abdominal region?

    <p>Fibrous layer of Scarpa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the perineal body involved in?

    <p>Obstetric and gynecological procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ischioanal fossa a part of?

    <p>The anal triangle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary location of the prostate gland?

    <p>True pelvic cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the glans penis is penetrated by the urethra?

    <p>Base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical weight of a normal prostate gland?

    <p>20-30 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lymph nodes drain the lymph from the glans penis?

    <p>Deep inguinal lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the length of the prostate gland at its base?

    <p>4 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the region of the glans penis that rests on the superior layer of the urogenital diaphragm?

    <p>Apex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do almost all lymph nodes from the penis drain, except the glans penis?

    <p>Superficial inguinal lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the normal prostate gland?

    <p>Buckeye nut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the alkaline secretion produced by the prostatic glandular tissue?

    <p>It maintains the integrity of the sperm cells and their mobility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery branch supplies the prostate?

    <p>Inferior vesical artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the puboprostatic ligament?

    <p>It stabilizes the prostate with the pubic symphysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the prostatic venous plexus?

    <p>Between the true capsule and the outer capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many prostatic ductules and ducts enter into the prostatic sinus?

    <p>About 30</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the rectovesical ligament?

    <p>It stabilizes the rectum with the urinary bladder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outer covering of the prostate?

    <p>Outer capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The apex of the triangle formed by the posterior free-border of the U.G. diaphragm reaches the pubic symphysis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The deep transverse perineus muscles are attached to the lateral surfaces of the ischial rami.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The urethrovaginal sphincter muscle compresses the urethra in both male and female.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ducts of the bulbourethral glands perforate the perineal membrane to drain the seminal fluid into the prostate gland.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The muscular layer of the perineum is formed by smooth muscles.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The union of the anterior region of the two fascial layers forms the perineal body.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sphincter urethrae muscle is present in both male and female.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The posterior free-border of the U.G. diaphragm corresponds to the imaginary line interconnecting the ischial spines.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The superficial perineal fascia attaches to the posterior fornix of the vagina in the female perineum.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The superficial perineal pouch is bounded superiorly by the perineal membrane and inferiorly by the fibrous layer of the superficial perineal fascia.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The fibrous layer of the subcutaneous perineal fascia attaches to the lateral aspect of the prostate gland.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The superficial transverse perineus muscle is present in the female superficial perineal pouch.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The superficial perineal fascia is composed of a fibrous layer and a fatty layer.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The superficial perineal fascia blends posteriorly with the fascial lining of the anal canal.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The bulb of the penis is present in the female superficial perineal pouch.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The greater and lesser vestibular glands are present in the male superficial perineal pouch.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The attachments of the superficial perineal fascia in the male perineum are identical to those in the female perineum.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pudendal canal conducts the vessels and nerve to the posterior aspect of the urogenital diaphragm.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The superficial perineal fascia is a single layer of fascia that surrounds the entire perineum.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ischioanal fossa is bordered by the obturator internus muscle.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The superficial perineal pouch is a region of the urogenital triangle that contains the prostate gland.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ischioanal fossa is located posterior to the line.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pudendal canal is located about 2 cm above the medial aspect of the ischial tuberosity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The central tendinous point of the perineum is present in the female superficial perineal pouch.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The apex of the ischioanal fossa is located about 4 cm above the ischial tuberosity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The internal pudendal artery is a branch of the external iliac artery.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The obturatory fascia contains the internal pudendal artery and vein.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Inferior rectal nerves are branches of the sacral nerve.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ischioanal fossa is bounded medially by the obturatory fascia.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The internal pudendal vein drains into the external iliac vein.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The perineum is supplied by the branches of two arteries - the internal pudendal artery and the external iliac artery.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The piriformis muscle is part of the urogenital diaphragm.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The musculus ischiocavernosus is located superficially to the corpora cavernosa.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The bulb of the penis is located distally to the glans penis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The corpus spongiosum contains the spongy urethra and is firmly attached to the perineal membrane.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The body of the penis has muscles that are responsible for its erection.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The glans penis is the proximal part of the corpus spongiosum.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The penis is composed of the cavernous erectile tissue only in the root part.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The internal pudendal artery supplies the prostate gland.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The superficial transverse perineal muscle is involved in the formation of the U-shaped muscular sling around the anorectal junction.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The superficial transverse perineus muscle is present in the female superficial perineal pouch.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The contents of the scrotum are part of the male superficial perineal pouch.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pudendal canal is located about 2 cm above the lateral aspect of the ischial tuberosity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The muscular layer of the perineum is formed by smooth muscles.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The bulb of the penis is present in the male superficial perineal pouch.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The greater and lesser vestibular glands are present in the female superficial perineal pouch.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The posterior free-border of the U.G. diaphragm corresponds to the imaginary line interconnecting the ischial spines.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The central tendinous point of the perineum is present in the male superficial perineal pouch.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The bulbourethral glands are located on each side of the membranous urethra in both male and female.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ducts of the bulbourethral glands perforate the perineal membrane to drain the seminal fluid into the prostate gland.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ischioanal fossa is bounded medially by the obturator internus muscle.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pudendal canal courses about 1 cm above the medial aspect of the ischial tuberosity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The urethrovaginal sphincter muscle compresses the vagina and urethra in both male and female.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The apex of the triangle formed by the posterior free-border of the U.G. diaphragm reaches the pubic symphysis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The union of the anterior region of the two fascial layers forms the perineal body.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ischioanal fossa is bounded medially by the perineal membrane.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The deep perineal pouch is a wide space lined above and below by the superior and inferior fascial layers of the U.G. diaphragm.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The urethra is not one of the contents of the deep perineal pouch in the male.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The bulbourethral glands drain into the urethra in the female.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The internal spermatic fascia is a continuation of the internal pudendal artery.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The branches of the pudendal nerve are only connected to the muscles of the deep perineal pouch.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The posterior scrotal branches are from the external pudendal arteries.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The internal pudendal artery is a branch of the internal iliac artery.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The genitofemoral nerve supplies the cremaster muscle and the dartos muscle.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The superficial perineal pouch contains the bulbourethral glands.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The glans penis is a part of the corpus cavernosum penis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The dorsal artery of the penis is one of the branches of the internal pudendal artery.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The crura of the penis are formed by the separation of the two corpora cavernosa.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The deep perineal pouch is a space that is empty of contents.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The root of the penis begins near the superior region of the pubic symphysis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The penis is divided into three portions: the root, the body, and the glans penis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The anterior scrotal branches are from the internal pudendal artery.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The prostatic venous plexus is located inside the true capsule.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most of the lymph produced in the prostate is drained into the external iliac lymphatic nodes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The bulbourethral glands are situated anterolaterally to the membranous urethra in male.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The seminal vesicles are located anterior to the urinary bladder.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ducts of the bulbourethral glands are about 1.5 cm in length.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The bulbourethral glands are oval in shape and about 1 cm in diameter.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The rectoscope is used to remove the obstruction of the flow of urine caused by the enlargement of the middle lobe of the prostate gland.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The prostate gland is sometimes surgically removed, and that is called a prostectomy.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the artery that pierces the crura and passes within the corpora cavernosa?

    <p>deep artery of the penis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the deep dorsal vein of the penis drain into?

    <p>prostatic plexus of veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vein is accompanied by the left and right dorsal artery and nerve on its lateral aspects?

    <p>deep dorsal vein of the penis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the vein that returns blood into the external pudendal veins and next into the femoral veins?

    <p>superficial dorsal vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the paired deep veins of the penis return blood into?

    <p>internal pudendal vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of venous drainage for the prostate?

    <p>Internal iliac vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the majority of the lymph produced in the prostate drain into?

    <p>Internal iliac lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the veins that form the prostatic venous plexus?

    <p>Prostatic veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the prostatic venous plexus and the vesical venous plexus?

    <p>They communicate freely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the rectoscope in relation to the prostate?

    <p>To remove the obstruction of the flow of urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the artery of ductus deferens?

    <p>Internal iliac artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lymph nodes drain the lymph from the testis and epididymis?

    <p>Superficial inguinal lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the plexus that forms the venous drainage of the testis, epididymis, and ductus deferens?

    <p>Pampiniform plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies the cremaster muscle?

    <p>Cremasteric artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the boundary of the perineum that is shared with the pelvic outlet?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the venous drainage of the prostate?

    <p>Towards the internal iliac vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lymph nodes drain the lymph from the prostate?

    <p>Internal iliac lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the artery that supplies the seminal vesicles?

    <p>Vesical artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the lymphatic drainage of the prostate?

    <p>Towards the internal iliac lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of lymphatic drainage for the glans penis?

    <p>Deep inguinal lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the lymph from the rest of the penis drain into?

    <p>Superficial inguinal lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT involved in the lymphatic drainage of the penis?

    <p>Popliteal lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of venous drainage for the prostate gland?

    <p>Prostatic venous plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is NOT involved in the arterial supply of the penis?

    <p>Obturator artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following arteries supplies the epididymis?

    <p>Testicular artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of venous drainage for the testis?

    <p>Pampiniform plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following lymph nodes drains the lymph from the epididymis?

    <p>Lumbar lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of venous drainage for the ductus deferens?

    <p>Vesical veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following lymph nodes drains the lymph from the ductus deferens?

    <p>Internal iliac lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for the motor function of the perineal muscles?

    <p>Deep branch of the perineal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of venous drainage for the superficial dorsal vein of the penis?

    <p>External pudendal vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery accompanies the deep dorsal vein of the penis?

    <p>Dorsal artery of the penis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the point of convergence for the superficial dorsal vein of the penis?

    <p>Pubic symphysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is traversed by the deep dorsal vein of the penis to reach the prostatic plexus of veins?

    <p>Arcuate pubic ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of the deep dorsal vein of the penis in the female?

    <p>It drains into the vesical plexus of veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for the sensation of the scrotal region?

    <p>Posterior scrotal branch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the superficial dorsal vein of the penis and the accompanying arteries?

    <p>It does not accompany any arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the route of venous drainage for the deep dorsal vein of the penis?

    <p>It drains into the prostatic plexus of veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the superficial dorsal vein of the penis in relation to the perineal membrane?

    <p>It does not pass through the perineal membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Here are the study notes for the text:

    Boundaries of the Perineum

    • The perineum is bounded by the pubic symphysis, ischiopubic rami, and the coccyx
    • The perineal region is divided into two triangles: the urogenital triangle and the anal triangle
    • The urogenital triangle contains the genitalia and the terminal region of the urinary tract
    • The anal triangle contains the anal canal and anus

    Arterial Supply of the Perineum

    • The perineum is supplied by the internal pudendal artery
    • The internal pudendal artery branches into the inferior vesical artery and the middle rectal artery
    • The inferior vesical artery supplies the prostate and the urinary bladder
    • The middle rectal artery supplies the rectum and the anus

    Innervation of the Perineum

    • The perineum is innervated by the pudendal nerve
    • The pudendal nerve has three branches: the dorsal nerve of the penis, the perineal nerve, and the inferior anal nerve
    • The dorsal nerve of the penis supplies the penis and the clitoris
    • The perineal nerve supplies the perineal muscles and the scrotum
    • The inferior anal nerve supplies the anus and the perianal skin

    Venous Drainage of the Perineum

    • The perineum is drained by the internal pudendal vein
    • The internal pudendal vein drains into the internal iliac vein
    • The internal iliac vein drains into the common iliac vein

    Homology of Structures in the Male and Female Perineum

    • The perineum in both males and females contains the urogenital triangle and the anal triangle
    • The urogenital triangle contains the genitalia and the terminal region of the urinary tract
    • The anal triangle contains the anal canal and anus
    • The prostate gland is present in males, while the urethrovaginal sphincter muscle is present in females

    Male Internal Genital Organs

    • The testes are located in the scrotum and are supplied by the testicular artery
    • The epididymis is located posterior to the testes and is supplied by the epididymal artery
    • The ductus deferens is a muscular tube that connects the epididymis to the prostate gland
    • The prostate gland is a glandular organ that surrounds the urethra
    • The seminal vesicles are glandular organs that produce seminal fluid

    Arterial Supply of the Testes, Epididymis, and Ductus Deferens

    • The testes are supplied by the testicular artery
    • The epididymis is supplied by the epididymal artery
    • The ductus deferens is supplied by the ductal artery

    Venous Drainage of the Testes, Epididymis, and Ductus Deferens

    • The testes are drained by the pampiniform plexus
    • The epididymis is drained by the epididymal vein
    • The ductus deferens is drained by the ductal vein

    Lymphatic Drainage of the Testes, Epididymis, and Ductus Deferens

    • The testes are drained by the testicular lymph nodes
    • The epididymis is drained by the epididymal lymph nodes
    • The ductus deferens is drained by the ductal lymph nodes### Scrotum
    • The internal spermatic fascia is a continuation of the abdominal transversal fascia.
    • Arterial supply of the scrotum:
      • Anterior scrotal branches from the external pudendal arteries
      • Posterior scrotal branches from the internal pudendal artery
    • Veins correspond to the arteries
    • Innervation of the scrotum:
      • Genitofemoral nerve (nervus genitofemoralis) supplies the dartos muscle and the cremaster muscle
      • Anterior scrotal nerves (nervi scrotales anteriores) from the ilioinguinal nerve
      • Posterior scrotal nerves (nervi scrotales posteriores) from the pudendal nerve

    Penis

    • The penis is a male organ of copulation, and is the common way out for urine and semen
    • Divided into two portions: root of the penis, body of the penis, and glans penis
    • Root of the penis begins near the inferior region of the pubic symphysis where the three tubes separate into the left and right cavernous body of penis and the spongious body of penis
    • Venous drainage of the penis:
      • Deep dorsal vein of the penis (vena dorsalis penis profunda) drains into the prostatic plexus of veins
      • Superficial dorsal veins (venae superficiales dorsales penis) drain into the external pudendal veins
      • Deep veins of the penis (venae profundae penis) drain into the internal pudendal vein
    • Lymphatic drainage of the penis:
      • Almost all lymph (except the glans penis) is returned into the superficial inguinal lymph nodes
      • Lymph from glans penis is returned to the deep inguinal lymph nodes

    Perineum

    • The perineum is a diamond-shaped area between the thighs and the lower part of the buttocks
    • Boundaries of the perineum:
      • Anterior: pubic symphysis
      • Posterior: coccyx
      • Anterolateral: ischiopubic rami and ischial tuberosities
      • Posterolateral: tuberosities of ischium and sacrotuberous ligaments
    • Divided into an anterior and a posterior triangle by an imaginary line which joins the anterior regions of the ischial tuberosities (linea interischialica)

    Prostate

    • The prostate is the largest accessory gland, located in the true pelvic cavity at the neck of the urinary bladder
    • Surrounds the first 4 cm of the male (prostatic) urethra
    • Normal prostate resembles a 20-30 g "buckeye nut"
    • Prostatic veins form the prostatic venous plexus, which drains mainly into the internal iliac vein
    • Lymphatic drainage of the prostate:
      • Most lymph is drained into the internal iliac and sacral lymphatic nodes

    Bulbourethral Glands and Seminal Vesicles

    • Two yellowish bulbourethral glands (Cowper's glands) are situated posterolaterally to the membranous urethra in males
    • Paired seminal vesicles resemble small bags filled with raisins, which rest upon the posterior border of the urinary bladder

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    Test your knowledge on the boundaries, contents, arterial supply, innervation, and venous drainage of the perineum. Questions are based on the human anatomy with reference to St.Gielecki and Żurada's work. Copyright © 2019 MedRadEd.

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