أسئلة ريتين الـ Pericardium & Heart (قبل التعديل)

The pointed lower tip of the heart, formed primarily by the left ventricle.

The broad upper part of the heart, primarily formed by the left atrium.

The front surface of the heart, mainly formed by the right ventricle, facing towards the sternum.

The sides of the heart, with the right surface formed by the right atrium and the left surface by the left auricle and ventricle.

The bottom surface of the heart, formed mainly by the left ventricle and resting on the central tendon of the diaphragm.

The upper border of the heart, formed primarily by both atria, mainly the left atrium.

The right side of the heart, formed only by the right atrium.

The lower border of the heart, primarily formed by both ventricles, mainly the right ventricle.

The tough outer layer of the pericardium, which helps protect the heart.

The inner layer of the pericardium, which is made of a thin, smooth membrane.

The space between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium, filled with fluid that reduces friction.

The area of the heart not covered by the lungs or pleura, located opposite the 4th and 5th intercostal spaces.

A large, crescent-shaped space behind the left atrium, formed by the reflection of the visceral pericardium.

A passage connecting the right and left sides of the pericardial cavity, formed by the degeneration of tissue between the heart and esophagus.

The dominant side of the brain is responsible for motor skill control and language processing. Most people (75%) have a dominant right brain hemisphere while a smaller percentage (10%) have a left-dominant brain.

The Vena cordis minimi is a vein found in all chambers of the heart. It is a smaller vein that drains into the larger coronary sinus.

The anterior cardiac vein drains into the anterior wall of the right atrium. It is a smaller vein that runs along the surface of the heart.

The coronary sinus is the largest vein that drains blood from the heart. It is located in the coronary sulcus and empties into the posterior wall of the right atrium.

The SA node (Sinoatrial node) is located at the crista terminalis of the right atrium. It is the pacemaker of the heart, initiating and controlling the heart's rhythm.

The AV node (atrioventricular node) resides in the lower part of the inter-atrial septum. It relays electrical signals from the atria to the ventricles.

The AV bundle (Bundle of His) sends electrical signals from the AV node down through the interventricular septum. These signals cause the ventricles to contract and pump blood.

The superficial cardiac plexus is located under the aortic arch. It is formed by the left sympathetic chain and the left vagus nerve.

The right border of the heart extends from the upper border of the right 3rd costal cartilage (1.5 cm from the sternum) to the right 6th costal cartilage (2 cm from the sternum).

The inferior border of the heart runs from the right 6th costal cartilage (2 cm from the sternum) to the left 5th intercostal space (3.5 inches from the midline).

The left border of the heart goes from the left 5th intercostal space (3.5 inches from the midline) to the lower border of the left 2nd costal cartilage (1.5 cm from the sternum).

The coronary groove is a line that runs from the left 3rd costal cartilage to the right 6th costal cartilage. It marks a separation between the atria and ventricles of the heart.

The pulmonary valve is a heart valve that is located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk. It helps to regulate blood flow from the heart to the lungs.

The aortic valve is a heart valve located between the left ventricle and the ascending aorta. It regulates blood flow from the heart to the body.

The mitral valve is a heart valve located between the left ventricle and the left atrium. It helps regulate blood flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle.

The tricuspid valve is a heart valve located between the right ventricle and the right atrium. It helps regulate blood flow from the right atrium into the right ventricle.

The right coronary artery arises from the right aortic sinus of the ascending aorta. It supplies blood to the right atrium, right ventricle, the sinoatrial node (SAN) and the atrioventricular node (AVN).

The left coronary artery arises from the left aortic sinus of the ascending aorta. It supplies blood to the left atrium, left ventricle, the sinoatrial node (SAN) and the atrioventricular node (AVN).

A vertical ridge inside the right atrium, separating the openings of the superior vena cava (SVC) and inferior vena cava (IVC). It corresponds to the crista terminalis outside the heart.

Parallel muscular ridges found on the anterior wall of the right atrium, extending from the crista terminalis.

A large vein returning deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the right atrium. It opens at the level of the 3rd costal cartilage.

A large vein returning deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the right atrium. It opens at the level of the 6th costal cartilage and has a valve.

A small vein that collects deoxygenated blood from the heart's own muscle tissue and drains into the right atrium.

A smooth part extending from the right ventricle that leads to the pulmonary trunk.

Muscular ridges found on the inner surface of the ventricles, giving them a rough appearance. They increase the surface area for efficient blood flow.

Strong, cord-like structures that connect the papillary muscles to the valves of the heart. They prevent the valves from prolapsing or bulging back into the ventricles.

Muscular projections inside the ventricles that attach to the valve leaflets via chordae tendineae. They play a crucial role in preventing the valves from prolapsing.

A muscular band extending from the septal wall to the anterior wall of the right ventricle, containing the right AV bundle, responsible for conducting electrical signals to the heart muscle.

Painful inflammation of the pericardium, often radiating to the shoulder.

The visceral pericardium is supplied by the coronary arteries, which carry oxygenated blood to the heart muscle

The pulmonary valve is situated between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk, ensuring the flow of blood from the heart to the lungs.

The aortic valve is located between the left ventricle and the ascending aorta, controlling the flow of blood from the heart to the body.

The mitral valve sits between the left ventricle and the left atrium, regulating blood flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle.

The tricuspid valve is found between the right ventricle and the right atrium, controlling blood flow from the right atrium into the right ventricle.

The right coronary artery originates from the right aortic sinus of the ascending aorta and supplies blood to the right atrium, right ventricle, the sinoatrial node (SAN) and the atrioventricular node (AVN).

The left coronary artery originates from the left aortic sinus of the ascending aorta and supplies blood to the left atrium, left ventricle, the sinoatrial node (SAN) and the atrioventricular node (AVN).

The crista terminalis is a ridge inside the right atrium, separating the openings of the superior vena cava (SVC) and inferior vena cava (IVC).

The musculi pectinati are parallel muscular ridges located on the anterior wall of the right atrium, extending from the crista terminalis.

The moderator band is a muscular band within the right ventricle that contains the right AV bundle, which conducts electrical signals to the heart muscle.

The infundibulum is a smooth area that extends from the right ventricle and leads to the pulmonary trunk.

A vein that drains into the anterior wall of the right atrium, carrying deoxygenated blood from the anterior surface of the heart.

The largest vein that collects deoxygenated blood from the heart and empties into the posterior wall of the right atrium.

The pacemaker of the heart, located at the crista terminalis of the right atrium, initiating and controlling the heart's rhythm.

Located in the lower part of the inter-atrial septum, relaying electrical signals from the atria to the ventricles.

Extends into the membranous part of the interventricular septum, conducting electrical signals from the AV node to the ventricles.

The superficial cardiac plexus is located under the aortic arch, formed by the left sympathetic chain and the left vagus nerve.

The deep cardiac plexus is located in front of the tracheal bifurcation, formed by both sympathetic chains and both vagi nerves.

A smooth part of the left ventricle leading to the ascending aorta.

The apex of the heart is the pointed, lower tip primarily formed by the left ventricle. It's located in the left 5th intercostal space, 3.5 inches from the midline at the midclavicular line.

The base of the heart is the broad, upper surface, mainly formed by the left atrium. It sits near the great vessels and faces the left posterior mediastinum.

The anterior surface of the heart, also known as the sternocostal surface, faces the sternum and is primarily formed by the right ventricle.

The right and left lateral surfaces of the heart are formed by the right atrium and the left auricle and ventricle respectively. They face the lungs and are where the pericardium attaches to the phrenic nerve and vessels.

The inferior surface, or diaphragmatic surface, forms the bottom of the heart, mainly composed of the left ventricle. It rests on the central tendon of the diaphragm.

The superior border of the heart is the upper boundary, mainly formed by the left atrium. It extends from the lower border of the left 2nd costal cartilage (1.5 cm from sternum) to the upper border of the right 3rd costal cartilage (1.5 cm from sternum).

The right border of the heart is formed solely by the right atrium, extending from the upper border of the right 3rd costal cartilage to the right 6th costal cartilage.

The inferior border of the heart is formed by both ventricles, primarily the right ventricle. It extends from the right 6th costal cartilage to the left 5th intercostal space.