أسئلة ريتين الـ Pericardium & Heart (قبل التعديل)

75%

At the posterior wall of the right atrium.

It acts as the pacemaker of the heart.

<p>Great cardiac vein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The interventricular septum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sinoatrial (SA) Node.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It radiates to the upper medial part of the arm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Left sympathetic chain and left vagus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The heart is located in the middle mediastinum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The heart is conical in shape and approximately the size of a closed fist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two main layers are the parietal layer and the visceral layer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The apex of the heart is formed by the left ventricle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The base of the heart is mainly formed by both atria, particularly the left atrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The phrenic nerve supplies the fibrous and parietal pericardium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The bare area of the heart is located opposite the 4th and 5th intercostal spaces and is significant for pericardiocentesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The anterior surface of the heart is related to the sternum, costal cartilages, and the sternocostalis muscle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The inferior surface is formed by both ventricles, mainly the left ventricle, and is related to the central tendon of the diaphragm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The oblique sinus is a recess behind the left atrium, related to the esophagus and descending aorta.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The superior border of the heart is formed by both atria, mainly the left atrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fibrous and parietal pericardium is primarily supplied by the pericardiophrenic arteries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The visceral pericardium receives an autonomic nerve supply and is painless, while the fibrous and parietal pericardium is supplied by the phrenic nerve and is painful.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The apex is located in the left 5th intercostal space, 3.5 inches (9 cm) from the middle line at the midclavicular line.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The left atrium separates the transverse sinus from the oblique sinus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk are related to the anterior boundary of the transverse sinus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The right border of the heart is located from the upper border of the right 3rd costal cartilage, 1.5 cm from the sternum, to the right 6th costal cartilage, 2 cm from the sternum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The site of auscultation for the pulmonary valve is located in the left 2nd intercostal space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The valve located between the left ventricle and left atrium is the mitral valve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tricuspid valve admits 3 fingers and has 3 triangular cusps: septal, posterior, and anterior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The posterior interventricular artery, the largest branch of the right coronary artery, supplies the posterior 1/3 of the interventricular septum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coronary dominance is defined by which artery gives rise to the posterior interventricular artery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The left coronary artery originates from the left aortic sinus of the ascending aorta.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The aortic valve is located behind the left sternal margin opposite the 3rd intercostal space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The branches of the left coronary artery include the circumflex artery and the anterior interventricular artery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The size of the aortic valve is approximately 2.5 cm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The crista terminalis is a vertical ridge that separates the openings of the superior and inferior vena cava in the right atrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The right atrium contains a crista terminalis, while the left atrium does not have this structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The posterior wall of the right atrium receives openings from the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tricuspid regurgitation is prevented by the papillary muscles that connect to the valve via chordae tendineae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The left ventricle has a wall that is three times thicker than that of the right ventricle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The inflowing part of the right ventricle has more papillary muscles and a moderator band, while the left ventricle has fewer papillary muscles and no moderator band.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The moderator band extends from the septal wall to the anterior wall and contains the right AV bundle, preventing over-distension of the right ventricle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The right ventricle opens to the pulmonary valve and tricuspid valve, facilitating blood flow to the lungs and into the systemic circulation respectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The anterior wall of the left atrium shows less musculi pectinati, primarily located within the auricle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The left atrium primarily receives openings from four pulmonary veins, while the right atrium receives blood from the SVC, IVC, and coronary sinus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two layers are the parietal layer lining the fibrous pericardium and the visceral layer covering the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The oblique sinus is located behind the left atrium and is related to the esophagus and descending aorta.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The heart is located in the middle mediastinum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The bare area is a site for pericardiocentesis and lies opposite the 4th and 5th intercostal spaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The apex is formed by the left ventricle and is located at the left 5th intercostal space, 3.5 inches from the midline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are supplied by the pericardiophrenic, musculophrenic, and descending aorta.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fibrous and parietal pericardium receive pain sensation via phrenic nerves, while the visceral pericardium is painless and gets autonomic nerve supply.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The anterior surface is formed by all chambers, mainly the right ventricle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The left atrium separates the transverse sinus from the oblique sinus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The inferior surface, mainly formed by both ventricles, is related to the central tendon of the diaphragm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anteriorly, it is bounded by the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk, and posteriorly by the superior vena cava.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The superior border is formed mainly by the left atrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pericardial sinuses consist of the oblique sinus and transverse sinus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The anterior landmark is at the right 3rd costal cartilage, and the posterior landmark corresponds to the right atrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The left border is formed by the left auricle and left ventricle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pulmonary valve is located between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk and has a size of 3 cm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The aortic valve is auscultated at the right 2nd intercostal space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The right coronary artery originates from the right aortic sinus, passing between the pulmonary trunk and right auricle, with branches supplying the right atrium, right ventricle, and nodes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tricuspid valve admits 3 fingers while the mitral valve admits 2 fingers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The coronary groove extends from the left 3rd costal cartilage to the right 6th costal cartilage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The left coronary artery supplies the left atrium, left ventricle, and part of the conduction system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coronary dominance is defined by which artery gives rise to the posterior inter-ventricular artery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The left border of the heart extends from the left 5th intercostal space, 3.5 inches from the midline to the lower border of the left 2nd costal cartilage, 1.5 cm from the sternum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The left coronary artery branches into the anterior inter-ventricular artery and circumflex artery, supplying the anterior surface of the ventricles and left atrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mitral valve is located behind the left sternal margin opposite the 4th costal cartilage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The AV node serves as a gatekeeper that slows down the electrical impulse before it passes to the ventricles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cardiac plexus integrates sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, regulating heart rate and force of contraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Right dominance indicates that the right hemisphere is primarily responsible for specific cognitive functions in about 75% of people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The great cardiac vein drains blood from the heart muscle and empties into the coronary sinus, aiding in venous return.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The anterior interventricular groove is defined by the anterior interventricular artery and the great cardiac vein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This phenomenon occurs due to referred pain, where heart sensations are misinterpreted by the upper thoracic sympathetic ganglia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The branches of the AV bundle conduct electrical impulses rapidly to the ventricles, coordinating their contraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The coronary sinus collects blood from multiple tributaries, including the great cardiac vein and the middle cardiac vein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The crista terminalis is a vertical ridge that separates the smooth and rough parts of the right atrium, serving as a landmark for the openings of the superior and inferior vena cavae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lumen of the right ventricle is semi-lunar in shape, while the left ventricle has a circular lumen due to its thicker walls adapted for systemic circulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Papillary muscles anchor the chordae tendineae, preventing the inversion of the atrioventricular valves during ventricular contraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The right ventricle has an infundibulum that leads to the pulmonary trunk, whereas the left ventricle has a smooth vestibule leading to the ascending aorta.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The absence of a moderator band in the left ventricle indicates a different conduction pathway and lower risk of over-distension compared to the right ventricle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fossa ovalis is a remnant of the foramen ovale, which allows fetal blood to bypass the pulmonary circuit when the lungs are non-functional.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The coronary sinus has a valve and collects blood from cardiac veins, while the vena cavae lack valves and directly deliver deoxygenated blood to the right atrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Musculi pectinati enhance the contractile function of the atria by providing additional surface area for muscular contraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The left ventricle has more muscle and is thicker for systemic pressure, while the right ventricle has a thinner wall with more elastin for the lower pulmonary pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The posterior wall of the left atrium receives four pulmonary veins, ensuring the efficient transfer of oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers