Pericardium: Clinical Relevance and Cardiac Tamponade
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Questions and Answers

What can happen when there is an accumulation of fluid within the pericardial cavity?

  • Decreased pressure on the heart
  • Increased flexibility of the heart
  • Increased pressure on the heart (correct)
  • No effect on the heart

What is the main symptom of pericarditis?

  • Fever
  • Shortness of breath
  • Chest pain (correct)
  • Dizziness

What causes acute cardiac tamponade due to an accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity?

  • Bacterial infection
  • Myocardial infarction
  • Pericarditis
  • All of the above (correct)

What surrounds the muscular body of the heart and the roots of the great vessels?

<p>Fibrous pericardium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the fibrous pericardium?

<p>Prevents overfilling of the heart (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the pericardium is made up of tough connective tissue and is relatively non-distensible?

<p>Outer fibrous layer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What serves to minimize the friction generated by the heart as it contracts and moves within the thoracic cavity?

<p>Pericardial cavity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for the innervation of the pericardium?

<p>Phrenic nerve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the arterial supply to the fibrous and parietal pericardium?

<p>Internal thoracic artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the pericardium lines the internal surface of the fibrous pericardium?

<p>Outer parietal layer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of pericardial effusion due to the relatively inextensible fibrous pericardium?

<p>Compression of the heart chambers, compromising cardiac output (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes acute cardiac tamponade due to an accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity?

<p>Both A and B (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What serves to minimize the friction generated by the heart as it contracts and moves within the thoracic cavity?

<p>Fibrous pericardium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the pericardium is made up of tough connective tissue and is relatively non-distensible?

<p>Fibrous pericardium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What surrounds the muscular body of the heart and the roots of the great vessels?

<p>Pericardium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the fibrous pericardium?

<p>Fixes the heart in the mediastinum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve provides innervation to the visceral pericardium?

<p>Vagus nerve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the arterial supply to the visceral pericardium?

<p>Coronary arteries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the pericardium is made up of a single sheet of epithelial cells known as mesothelium?

<p>Inner visceral layer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of referred pain, such as shoulder pain experienced as a result of pericarditis?

<p>Phrenic nerve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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