Pericardium Anatomy Quiz

The pericardium has two main layers: a fibrous outer layer and a serous inner layer. The serous layer has two parts: a parietal layer lining the pericardial cavity and a visceral layer covering the heart.

A fluid that exists in the pericardial cavity, the space between the parietal and visceral layers of the pericardium. It reduces friction during heartbeats.

A condition where excess fluid or blood builds up in the pericardial sac, putting pressure on the heart and impairing its ability to pump blood.

A medical procedure to drain excess fluid from the pericardial sac.

The major arteries and veins directly connected to the heart, responsible for transporting blood.

Main artery supplying blood to the pericardium and diaphragm.

The heart works as a double pump, receiving blood from veins and pushing it to arteries (and lungs) in a self-regulating way.

Nerves that provide sensation and control to the diaphragm and pericardium. Pain connected to the pericardium may be felt in the shoulder.

The pathway of blood flow from the heart to the lungs and back. This circuit is responsible for oxygenating the blood.

The pathway of blood flow from the heart to the rest of the body and back. This circuit supplies oxygenated blood to all tissues.

A thin wall of tissue that separates the right and left atria of the heart, preventing the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

A thicker wall of tissue that separates the right and left ventricles of the heart, preventing the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

Arteries that bring oxygenated blood to the tissues of the lungs, specifically the bronchial tree.

The relaxation phase of the heart cycle, allowing the chambers to fill with blood.

The contraction phase of the heart cycle, where the chambers pump blood out to the body or lungs.

The inner layer of the heart wall, lining the chambers.

The thick, muscular layer of the heart wall, responsible for pumping blood.

The outer layer of the heart wall, a smooth membrane that allows the heart to move easily within the pericardial sac.

The smooth, thin-walled posterior part of the right atrium that receives blood from major veins.

Muscular ridges found on the anterior surface of the atria, giving them a rough appearance.

A shallow groove on the right atrium that separates the smooth and rough parts of the atrial wall.

A ridge of muscle in the right atrium that marks the boundary between the smooth and rough parts.

The two upper chambers of the heart that receive blood from the body and lungs.

A wide venous channel that returns deoxygenated blood from the heart's tissues to the right atrium. It receives blood from the great, middle, and small cardiac veins.

A small valve that prevents backflow of blood from the right atrium into the coronary sinus.

A depression in the right atrium, a remnant of the foramen ovale, an opening that connected the atria during fetal development.

Four veins (two superior and two inferior) that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

The main pumping chamber of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the pulmonary trunk.

Muscular ridges on the internal walls of the right ventricle that help with efficient blood flow and contraction.

Finger-like projections on the wall of the right ventricle, attached to the tricuspid valve leaflets, which prevent backflow of blood during contraction.

The valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle, preventing backflow of blood during ventricular contraction.

Fine strings that attach the papillary muscles to the leaflets of the tricuspid valve, preventing the valve from flipping back into the atrium.

A three-cusped valve that prevents backflow of blood from the pulmonary trunk into the right ventricle, ensuring efficient blood flow to the lungs.

The largest and strongest chamber of the heart, responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the systemic circulation.

A valve that prevents backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium, ensuring efficient blood flow to the aorta.

A three-cusped valve that prevents backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle, ensuring efficient blood flow to the body.

A sudden blockage of a coronary artery, disrupting blood flow to the heart muscle. This can cause chest pain, shortness of breath, and potentially lead to heart damage or death.

A medical procedure to widen a narrowed or blocked artery, usually by inserting a balloon catheter and inflating it to open the vessel.

It's the pacemaker of the heart, generating electrical impulses that cause the heart to beat regularly.

The AV node temporarily pauses the electrical impulse from the SA node, allowing the atria to contract before the ventricles.

They carry the electrical impulses from the AV bundle through the septum of the heart, ensuring coordinated contraction of both ventricles.

A framework of dense connective tissue located at the base of the heart, providing support for the heart valves and acting as an electrical insulator between the atria and ventricles.

The fibrous skeleton consists of four fibrous rings encircling the valves, two trigones where the rings meet, and two 'coronets' also surrounding the valves.

The fibrous skeleton provides a stable anchor for the valves, helps maintain the shape of the heart chambers, and prevents the electrical conduction pathway between the atria and ventricles from mixing.

A patent valve means its diameter stays the same, allowing for normal blood flow through the heart.

The heart sounds, 'lub-dup', are produced by the closing of the heart valves. 'Lub' is the closing of the AV valves, and 'dup' is the closing of the semilunar valves.

Murmurs are abnormal heart sounds caused by faulty valve function, which can either be from leaking or narrowing of the valve.

The apex of the heart (5th intercostal space) is best for listening to the left AV valve, the parasternal border at the 5th intercostal space is for the right AV valve, the 2nd intercostal space left side reveals the pulmonary valve, and the 2nd intercostal space right side reveals the aortic valve.

The coronary arteries, branching from the aorta, supply blood to the heart muscle (myocardium).

The left coronary artery (LCA) and the right coronary artery (RCA) originate from the aorta and supply blood to different parts of the heart.

The LCA has two main branches: the circumflex artery and the anterior interventricular branch (LAD).

Cardiac veins collect blood from the capillary beds in the heart muscle and return it to the coronary sinus.

The coronary sinus is a large vein that receives blood from the cardiac veins and empties into the right atrium.

CAD is a common condition resulting from narrowing of the coronary arteries due to buildup of fatty deposits, leading to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle.

Atherosclerosis is the buildup of fatty deposits (cholesterol plaques) within the arteries, causing hardening and narrowing of the blood vessels.

Ischemia refers to an insufficient blood supply to an organ or tissue, often caused by blockage in the arteries.

Angina pectoris is chest pain caused by ischemia of the heart muscle, usually triggered by physical activity.

MI, or heart attack, occurs when a blood clot blocks a coronary artery, causing tissue death in the heart muscle.

The fibrous pericardium is a tough sac that surrounds the heart, anchoring it to the surrounding structures. It helps keep the heart in its position in the chest cavity.

The serous pericardium has two layers: parietal and visceral. Between these layers is a space filled with fluid. This fluid lubricates the heart and allows it to move freely during contractions, minimizing friction.

The right heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation (pulmonary circulation). The left heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the rest of the body (systemic circulation).

From the inside out: (1) Endocardium – thin lining of the chambers; (2) Myocardium – thick muscle layer responsible for contractions; (3) Epicardium – outer layer, the visceral layer of the serous pericardium.

It has a smooth posterior region called the sinus venarum. The anterior wall is rough and muscular, called the pectinate muscle. The smooth and rough areas are separated by the sulcus terminalis externally and the crista terminalis internally.

The heart has two upper chambers (atria) that receive blood, and two lower chambers (ventricles) that pump blood out. The right and left sides are separated by septa.

The cardiac cycle involves two phases: Diastole – the relaxing phase where chambers fill with blood; Systole – the contracting phase where chambers eject blood.

A small, oval depression on the right atrium, marking the location of the former fetal connection between the atria (foramen ovale).

Valves with three cusps that prevent backflow of blood from the pulmonary trunk and aorta into the ventricles.

A framework of dense connective tissue that provides support, structure, and electrical insulation for the heart.

The two distinct heart sounds created by the closing of the heart valves during the cardiac cycle.

A major artery that branches from the aorta and supplies blood to the right ventricle, SA node, and portions of the septum.

A major artery that branches from the aorta and supplies blood to the left ventricle, interventricular septum, and some of the left atrium.

A vein that collects deoxygenated blood from the heart and empties into the coronary sinus.

A specialized network of cardiac muscle cells that generate and conduct electrical impulses, controlling the heartbeat.