Pericardium Anatomy and Nerve Supply

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What is the location of the oblique sinus?

Above the heart to the left of the L.V.C.
Behind the heart to the left of the L.V.C. (correct)
Behind the heart to the right of the L.V.C.
In front of the heart to the right of the L.V.C.

What is the function of the phrenic nerves in relation to the pericardium?

They transmit parasympathetic fibers to the fibrous pericardium and parietal layer of serous pericardium.
They transmit somatic sensation to the fibrous pericardium and parietal layer of serous pericardium. (correct)
They transmit sympathetic fibers to the visceral layer of serous pericardium.
They transmit autonomic fibers to the visceral layer of serous pericardium.

Which layer of the serous pericardium is insensitive to pain but sensitive to ischaemia?

Visceral layer of serous pericardium (correct)
Fibrous pericardium
Transverse sinus
Parietal layer of serous pericardium

What is the function of the autonomic fibers in relation to the pericardium?

They transmit sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers to the visceral layer of serous pericardium. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of inflammation of the pericardium?

Pain in the fibrous pericardium (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the oblique sinus?

To allow the movements of the left atrium and the expansion of the esophagus during swallowing (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which sinus allows the distension of the great vessels during diastole?

Transverse sinus (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the fibrous pericardium?

To protect the heart and maintain its position (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the collection of fluid in the pericardial cavity?

Severe distress (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the use of the transverse sinus during open heart surgery?

As a site of fixation of the heart (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the fibrous pericardium?

To maintain the heart's position and prevent its overdistension (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries provide the arterial supply to the fibrous pericardium and parietal layer of serous pericardium?

Internal thoracic arteries and their branches (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the route of venous drainage from the fibrous pericardium and parietal layer of serous pericardium?

Azygos venous system (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the pericardium receives its arterial supply from the right and left coronary arteries?

Epicardium (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pericardium regarding the large vessels?

To maintain the heart's position and prevent the large vessels from opening (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the transverse sinus during open heart surgery?

To fix the heart in place (B) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during diastole that the transverse sinus allows for?

Distension of the great vessels (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of fluid collection in the pericardial cavity?

Severe distress as the heart movements are hindered (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of paracentesis in the context of pericardial effusion?

To drain excess fluid from the pericardial cavity (A) Signup and view all the answers

Where is the puncture usually made during paracentesis to avoid injury?

Close to the sternum (D) Signup and view all the answers