107 Questions
What is the main purpose of ergogenic supplements?
Improving performance
What makes a drug or supplement prohibited?
Evidence of potential health risks
Which criterion is NOT used to determine if a drug or supplement is prohibited?
For leisure or enjoyment purposes
Why do athletes use ergogenic supplements according to the text?
To enhance performance
What is a common reason athletes might consider taking a prohibited supplement?
To avoid detection and win competitions
What defines an ergogenic supplement?
Performance improvement
Why does the World Anti-Doping Agency believe the use of drugs or supplements violates the spirit of the sport?
Because they provide an unfair advantage to athletes.
What percentage of high school students are willing to take supplements if they guarantee their goals?
20%
How do physicians view ergogenic supplements based on the text?
Improvement is too small to measure.
What is the main difference in how physicians and athletes view ergogenic supplements according to the text?
Athletes believe in taking more if some is good, while physicians advise against it.
What approach should be adopted when talking with athletes about ergogenic supplements based on the text?
Gain the athlete’s trust and understand their goals.
What percentage of high school students are willing to take supplements even if it shortens their life according to the text?
5%
What is the primary concern highlighted regarding the use of ergogenic supplements in the given text?
Their potential health risks and side effects
Which of the following statements about creatine is true?
It increases the capacity for high-intensity, short-duration power and endurance training
Which of the following supplements is described as the most widely consumed drug in the world and is allowed by the International Olympic Committee (IOC)?
Caffeine
Which of the following supplements is considered dangerous and mostly illegal, but often effective?
Anabolic steroids
Which of the following statements accurately describes the viewpoint expressed in the text regarding the use of ergogenic supplements in high school students?
The text expresses concern about the potential health risks and side effects of ergogenic supplement use in high school students
Which of the following statements accurately describes the criteria for prohibiting the use of certain drugs in sports?
Drugs are prohibited based on their potential health risks and side effects
What is a potential side effect of creatine-I mentioned in the text?
Water retention
Which supplement is described as 'dangerous' due to potential side effects like acne, testicular atrophy, and liver cancer in the text?
Anabolic steroids
What is the main effect of caffeine consumption as an ergogenic supplement according to the text?
Reduced fatigue time
Which of the following supplements is found to have 'no value by itself' and potential side effects like GI and muscle cramping in the text?
Creatine-II
What distinguishes creatine-I from creatine-II based on the information provided?
Creatine-II is more effective for high-intensity power training
Why are anabolic steroids difficult to detect in athletes based on the text?
Athletes use stacking regimens that make them hard to detect
What is the primary reason for the ban on anabolic-androgenic steroids in professional sports?
To maintain a level playing field and avoid unfair advantage
Which of the following substances is known for increasing blood flow and has been banned since 2011?
Arginine
Why are ergogenic supplements like creatine popular among athletes in professional sports?
To improve muscle strength and power output
What is a common misconception regarding the use of nitric oxide as an ergogenic supplement?
It promotes muscle pump without any effects
Which of the following substances is NOT considered a dangerous supplement and is allowed by the International Olympic Committee (IOC)?
Creatine
How do ergogenic supplements like caffeine primarily impact athletic performance?
By slowing glycogen depletion
Which of the following statements about professional athletes as role models is most accurate based on the information provided?
Most professional athletes would be willing to take banned substances if they could win a gold medal and avoid detection.
What is the primary role of caffeine as an ergogenic supplement?
To improve reaction time and mental focus.
Which of the following statements about creatine is true?
Creatine is a naturally occurring substance in the human body and is generally considered safe for use as a supplement.
What is a potential benefit of creatine supplementation for athletes?
Increased muscle mass and strength.
Which of the following statements about anabolic steroids is true?
Anabolic steroids are prohibited substances due to their potential for performance enhancement and health risks.
According to the criteria mentioned in the text, which of the following statements is true about a drug or supplement being prohibited in sports?
A drug or supplement is prohibited if it meets two out of the three conditions: performance enhancement, health risks, and potential for abuse.
What is a common side effect associated with taking HMB as mentioned in the text?
Weight gain and potential muscle tears
Which of the following supplements is NOT mentioned as a dangerous and mostly illegal ergogenic supplement?
Creatine
Which of the following supplements is sometimes sold as a nutritional supplement despite being banned by the FDA?
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
What is a notable side effect that can be associated with taking Erythropoietin according to the text?
Rage and depression
Which of the following substances is classified as dangerous and illegal, known for causing side effects like liver cancer and testicular atrophy?
Anabolic steroids
What hormone is specifically mentioned in the text as being banned by the FDA but still sold as a nutritional supplement?
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
What is the primary function of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB)?
Increase muscle mass by stimulating protein synthesis
What is the potential risk associated with the use of Erythropoietin (EPO)?
Higher risk of stroke and myocardial infarction
Which statement about Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is correct?
It can be converted to estrogen or testosterone, affecting hormone levels
What is the primary concern regarding the use of Human Growth Hormone (HGH)?
It can lead to serious side effects like acromegaly and diabetes
Which of the following statements about HMB is true?
There is no evidence of its effectiveness in improving athletic performance
What is the primary reason for the ban on Erythropoietin (EPO) in professional sports?
It is considered a form of blood doping
What is the primary mechanism of action of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB) as an ergogenic supplement?
Enhances protein synthesis and reduces protein breakdown
Which of the following is a potential side effect of Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplementation?
All of the above
Which of the following statements about Human Growth Hormone (HGH) is true?
It is a banned substance in professional sports due to its anabolic effects.
What is the primary mechanism of action of Erythropoietin (EPO) as an ergogenic supplement?
Enhances aerobic endurance by increasing red blood cell production
Which of the following supplements is commonly used by athletes to enhance recovery and reduce muscle damage?
Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB)
Which of the following statements about Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is true?
It is a precursor to testosterone and other hormones.
What is the primary purpose of Trimetazidine (TMZ) as mentioned in the text?
Improving cardiovascular health by modulating cardiac metabolism
Which organization banned Meldonium in 2016?
World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)
What is a common misconception about the placebo effect of Amphetamines in sports?
They enhance muscle growth and recovery
How does Dimethylamylamine affect athletic performance according to the text?
By improving reaction time and focus
What led to the suspension of the Russian Anti-Doping Agency in 2015 as per the text?
A high number of positive tests, especially involving Russian athletes
What was the main outcome observed in the 7-day crossover trial with 'OxyRBX' injections?
A 1.2% improvement in race time during the 'treatment' phase
What dangerous side effects are associated with amphetamines as mentioned in the text?
Headaches, sleep loss, and anxiety
What happened to the 26-year-old male military veteran after taking Dimethylamylamine to boost training?
Developed rhabdomyolysis with elevated liver enzymes
What is a characteristic of Meldonium in terms of cellular energy metabolism?
It promotes fatty acid oxidation and boosts mitochondria activity
Which of the following is NOT a common side effect associated with Trimetazidine (TMZ) based on the text?
Increased muscle strength and endurance
What distinguishes Trimetazidine (TMZ) from banned ergogenic supplements?
'TMZ' promotes fatty acid oxidation without stimulating metabolism excessively
Which of the following substances was initially marketed as a dietary supplement but later banned due to its stimulant effects?
Dimethylamylamine
What is the primary concern associated with the use of amphetamines as an ergogenic supplement?
Potential for addiction and adverse effects on the central nervous system
Which of the following substances was initially used as a medication for angina but later found to be misused by athletes for its potential performance-enhancing effects?
Meldonium
What is the primary concern associated with the use of Trimetazidine (TMZ) as an ergogenic supplement?
Interference with glucose metabolism
Which of the following substances was initially marketed as a dietary supplement called 'OxyRBX' but later found to contain a synthetic stimulant?
Dimethylamylamine
What is the primary concern associated with the use of the placebo effect in sports?
Ethical concerns and potential for deception
What is the primary concern associated with creatine-I supplementation?
Potential side effects like muscle cramping and water retention
Which of the following supplements is considered 'Sometimes Effective' but also 'Expensive' in the text?
HMB
What is a common side effect associated with human growth hormone (HGH) supplementation as per the text?
Liver cancer
Which of the following substances is mentioned as an 'Effective' ergogenic supplement but with potential dangerous effects like 'rage and depression' in the text?
Anabolic steroids
What characteristic is mentioned about Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in the text regarding its status?
Banned by the FDA
What is the primary benefit of creatine supplementation for athletes according to the text?
Enhanced recovery and increased training intensity
What distinguishes ergogenic supplements from recreational supplements as mentioned in the text?
Ergogenic supplements are used to improve performance, while recreational supplements are used for enjoyment or leisure purposes.
What is the primary concern associated with inadvertent doping?
Athletes not being aware of the substances they consume
What is a key aspect of 'What’s New and Hot in Ergogenic Supplements' as mentioned in the text?
The potential dangers of using new and trending ergogenic supplements
Why is it important for athletes to stay updated on 'What’s New and Not Hot in Ergogenic Supplements'?
To stay informed about potentially harmful substances
Which factor contributes to the evolving landscape of ergogenic supplements?
Continuous development of new substances and formulations
What distinguishes 'What’s New and Hot in Ergogenic Supplements' from 'What’s New and Not Hot in Ergogenic Supplements'?
'What’s New and Hot' discusses effective substances, while 'What’s New and Not Hot' cautions against unsafe ones.
Which of the following supplements is widely used by female bodybuilders?
Tamoxifen
Which of the following is listed as a potential cause of inadvertent doping for women?
All of the above
Which of the following supplements is mentioned as potentially improving muscular endurance and being similar to HMB?
Bovine colostrum
Which of the following supplements is NOT listed as 'What's New and Not Hot' in the text?
Sodium phosphate
Which of the following supplements is associated with a potential risk of liver failure and transplant?
Anabolic-androgenic steroids
Which of the following supplements is mentioned as potentially improving running performance when used as a carbohydrate mouthwash?
Carbohydrate mouthwash
What is the common characteristic among ergogenic, recreational, and therapeutic substances as mentioned in the text?
They all improve performance
What distinguishes ergogenic supplements from recreational supplements according to the text?
Ergogenic supplements improve performance, while recreational supplements are used for enjoyment
What is the primary concern mentioned in the text regarding the use of ergogenic supplements?
They can have potential health risks
What makes a drug or supplement prohibited as per the conditions mentioned in the text?
It has evidence of improving performance and causing potential health risks
What is the distinguishing factor between ergogenic supplements and recreational supplements?
Recreational supplements are taken for enjoyment, while ergogenic supplements aim to improve performance
What is the primary focus when counseling and caring for athletes using ergogenic supplements?
Minimizing the potential health risks associated with the supplements
What is the primary mechanism of action of GW1516, a peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor agonist, in the context of genetic engineering for performance enhancement?
Conversion of type II (fast-twitch) to type I (slow-twitch) muscle fibers
Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of the microbiome in exercise and performance?
A higher proportion of Akkermansia Muciniphila is observed in athletes, potentially influencing oxygen extraction and VO2Max.
What is the primary mechanism of action of AICAR (5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide) in the context of genetic engineering for performance enhancement?
Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase, increasing adenosine availability and blood flow
Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of the microbiome in exercise and performance?
Probiotics have been shown to ameliorate gastrointestinal permeability and endotoxemia in triathletes.
What is the primary concern regarding the use of AICAR (5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide) as a performance-enhancing substance?
AICAR has been banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) since 2011
Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of the microbiome in exercise and performance?
The microbiome composition is primarily influenced by dietary factors, with minimal genetic impact.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of the microbiome in exercise and performance?
The microbiome can influence energy metabolism and recovery from exercise.
What is the primary mechanism of action of GW1516, a peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor agonist, in the context of genetic engineering for performance enhancement?
It activates specific genes involved in energy metabolism and endurance.
Which of the following supplements is mentioned as potentially improving muscular endurance and being similar to HMB?
Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB)
Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of the microbiome in exercise and performance?
The microbiome can influence energy metabolism and recovery from exercise.
Which of the following supplements is considered dangerous and mostly illegal, but often effective?
Human Growth Hormone (HGH)
What is a characteristic of Meldonium in terms of cellular energy metabolism?
It inhibits the breakdown of fatty acids for energy.
Burkin Block 4 Week 3
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