Perfectionism in Athletes Quiz

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Maslow's hierarchy of needs consists of five stages: physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. These stages represent the progression of human needs, from basic survival to the realization of one's full potential. In humanistic psychology, this hierarchy emphasizes the importance of personal growth, self-fulfillment, and striving for one's full potential.

Personality traits like extraversion and conscientiousness have a positive relationship with exercise, as individuals with these traits tend to be more motivated and disciplined in maintaining an exercise regimen. Conversely, Type D personality has a negative relationship with exercise, as individuals with this personality type may be more prone to negative affect and social inhibition, which can deter them from engaging in physical activity.

Responsible caring in psychology entails practitioners acting in the best interests of their clients, demonstrating empathy, and ensuring ethical treatment. An example of responsible caring is a therapist prioritizing the mental well-being of their client by providing appropriate interventions and support tailored to the client's needs and circumstances.

Integrity in relationships in psychology involves being unbiased, having no conflicts of interest, and maintaining a high standard of ethical conduct. This is crucial for building trust and rapport with clients, colleagues, and research participants, as well as upholding the credibility and professionalism of the field.

The three main psychological outcomes are affective (emotions and moods), behavior (observable actions), and cognition (thoughts and mental processes). These outcomes are essential for understanding and analyzing human behavior, as they provide insights into the emotional, behavioral, and cognitive aspects of individuals' actions and experiences.

Humanistic psychology emphasizes personal responsibility by highlighting individuals' capacity to make choices, take control of their lives, and strive for self-improvement. This concept can be applied in real-life scenarios such as counseling or therapy, where clients are encouraged to take ownership of their decisions, actions, and personal growth, fostering a sense of empowerment and autonomy.

Cognitive-Behavioral Theory emphasizes the interaction between thoughts, feelings, and actions. It posits that our thoughts and interpretations of events influence our emotions and behaviors, and vice versa. This theory suggests that changing maladaptive thoughts can lead to changes in emotions and behaviors, and vice versa.

The five stages of TTM are pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. These stages represent the different levels of readiness for behavior change and emphasize that change occurs over time in a non-linear fashion. Each stage has its own characteristics and strategies for promoting behavior change.

The three determinants of behavioral intention in the Theory of Planned Behavior are attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. These factors influence an individual's intention to engage in a specific behavior, which in turn affects their actual behavior.

The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) incorporates self-efficacy by recognizing its importance in influencing behavior change. Decisional balance, which involves weighing the advantages and disadvantages of behavior adoption, is also a key concept in TTM. Additionally, TTM outlines various processes of change that individuals go through when modifying their behaviors.

Perceived behavioral control refers to an individual's belief about their ability to perform a behavior and the presence of factors that may facilitate or hinder the behavior. In the Theory of Planned Behavior, perceived behavioral control directly influences behavioral intention and has a direct effect on behavior, making it a crucial determinant of actual behavior.

Social Cognitive Theory includes goals, outcome expectations, outcome expectancies, behavioral capacity, observational learning, and self-regulation. These components interact to influence behavior by emphasizing the role of personal factors, behavior, and the environment in shaping individuals' actions and choices.

At least 55% of the final exam is devoted to the last 4 chapters of the textbook.

The knowledge translation blog is assessed based on the higher score achieved, with either 30% or 20% weighting.

There are 2 long answer questions in the final exam, each worth 15 marks.

The content from the remaining chapters won't be tested, so the focus should be on theories, key terms, and the main findings of the research area.

None of the quizzes are worth points, but many of the questions in the quizzes are similar to the exam questions.

The rule is to only do one knowledge translation blog, and it should be aimed at non-academic audiences, either individual or with 2 people.

Magnitude, strength, and generality are the three dimensions of self-efficacy. Magnitude refers to the number of levels of increasing difficulty that one believes they can perform, such as believing one can solve problems of varying complexity. Strength refers to the firmness of convictions to perform a behavior or obtain an outcome, for example, having strong determination to achieve a fitness goal. Generality refers to the extent to which confidence in one task predicts confidence in another task, like feeling confident in multiple sports due to success in one specific sport.

Self-efficacy affects emotions, behaviors, and cognition in various ways. It can influence emotional states such as anxiety or confidence, impact behaviors by determining whether individuals attempt certain tasks or give up easily, and shape cognitive processes by affecting the thoughts and beliefs about personal capabilities and task outcomes.

Performance experiences, vicarious experiences, imaginal experiences, verbal persuasion, and physiological + emotional states are sources of self-efficacy. Performance experiences are the most powerful, as they involve direct mastery of tasks. Vicarious experiences involve observing others and assessing their success to make assumptions about one's own capabilities. Imaginal experiences involve visualizing oneself performing the behavior and generating beliefs about personal efficacy. Verbal persuasion can come from important others or self-talk. Physiological and emotional states can affect self-efficacy through aversive and pleasant experiences. These sources contribute to the development of self-efficacy by providing information and feedback about one's capabilities and the potential for success.

Self-determination theory describes motivation as a collection of reasons for participating in a task. It identifies three motivational regulations: competence, autonomy, and relatedness. Different types of motivational regulations can lead to various consequences. Motivation is not binary but exists on a continuum, and the psychological needs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness determine why we participate in certain activities.

To target the three psychological needs, one can adjust the type of motivation to achieve different consequences. This involves considering the individual's need for competence, autonomy, and relatedness when designing tasks or providing support, and ensuring that the motivation provided aligns with these psychological needs to promote optimal engagement and well-being.

Different motivational regulations can lead to various consequences, such as enhanced performance, greater well-being, and sustained engagement when the regulations align with the psychological needs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness. In contrast, mismatched or externally regulated motivations may lead to reduced satisfaction, lower persistence, and negative emotional outcomes, impacting overall task engagement and outcomes.

The two main dimensions of perfectionism are perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns. Perfectionistic strivings are self-oriented, with high personal performance standards (Personal Standards Perfectionism (PSP)), while perfectionistic concerns involve excessive self-criticism, concerns over mistakes, and doubts about actions (Evaluative Concerns Perfectionism (ECP)).

Perfectionistic strivings are associated with better performance, well-being, perceptions of control, and positive affect. In contrast, perfectionistic concerns are unrelated to performance and associated with poorer well-being, poor motivation, higher perceptions of threat, and avoidance coping.

Pure PSP involves having high standards for oneself, while pure ECP entails high evaluative concerns without a corresponding personal drive.

Harmonious passion is in harmony with the rest of a person's life, leading to positive emotions, higher well-being, effective decision making, and effective coping. In contrast, obsessive passion is characterized by rigid and uncontrolled engagement, often conflicting with other aspects of a person's life, resulting in negative emotions and poor well-being.

Mental toughness is a set of positive characteristics that enable a person to cope with pressure, focus and rebound from failure, persist in the face of adversity, and attain personal goals. It can be considered a personality trait or state.

The COM-B model states that three things are required to drive behavior: capability, opportunity, and motivation.

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Sport Psychology

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