Perfectionism in Athletes Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Competitiveness is an essential characteristic of Canadian Olympians.

True

Perfectionistic strivings are associated with poorer well-being and poor motivation.

False

Self-compassion is considered an antidote to the negative impacts of perfectionism.

True

Harmonious passion often conflicts with other aspects of a person's life.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mental toughness is considered a personality trait or state.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The COM-B model states that behavior is mainly determined by capability, opportunity, and motivation.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

KIN 150 is a required course for all students in the psychology program.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The midterm will cover material from all chapters of the textbook.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The final exam will focus more on the last 4 chapters of the textbook.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The knowledge translation blog is for academic audiences only.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

There are 4 rules of ethics mentioned in the text.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The long answer questions in the final exam are structured as essays.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Respect for dignity involves only respecting privacy, not confidentiality.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Integrity in relationships means being impartial and having no conflicts of interest.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Personality is not stable across time and situations.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Humanistic psychology emphasizes the pursuit of material success.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, self-actualization is the lowest level of need.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Personality traits like extraversion and conscientiousness have a negative relationship with exercise.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, cognitive science primarily focuses on external events as determinants of behavior.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) is based on self-efficacy, decisional balance, and processes of change.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Theory of Planned Behavior states that behavioral intention is the sole determinant of behavior.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Intention explains about two-thirds of actual behavior, according to the text.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Perceived behavioral control has no direct effect on behavior, according to the text.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Social Cognitive Theory does not include goals, outcome expectations, and self-regulation.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Self-efficacy can be broken down into four dimensions: magnitude, strength, generality, and persistence

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

People with high self-efficacy tend to focus on personal failings and quickly lose confidence

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Overconfidence can lead to increased motivation, realistic expectations, and improved performance

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Performance experiences, vicarious experiences, imaginal experiences, verbal persuasion, and physiological + emotional states are sources of self-efficacy

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Self-determination theory identifies two motivational regulations: competence and autonomy

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Psychological needs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness do not determine why we participate in certain activities

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the main components of Maslow's hierarchy of needs and their significance in humanistic psychology.

<p>Maslow's hierarchy of needs consists of five stages: physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. These stages represent the progression of human needs, from basic survival to the realization of one's full potential. In humanistic psychology, this hierarchy emphasizes the importance of personal growth, self-fulfillment, and striving for one's full potential.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Discuss the relationship between personality traits and exercise, citing specific examples.

<p>Personality traits like extraversion and conscientiousness have a positive relationship with exercise, as individuals with these traits tend to be more motivated and disciplined in maintaining an exercise regimen. Conversely, Type D personality has a negative relationship with exercise, as individuals with this personality type may be more prone to negative affect and social inhibition, which can deter them from engaging in physical activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of responsible caring in psychology and provide an example of its application.

<p>Responsible caring in psychology entails practitioners acting in the best interests of their clients, demonstrating empathy, and ensuring ethical treatment. An example of responsible caring is a therapist prioritizing the mental well-being of their client by providing appropriate interventions and support tailored to the client's needs and circumstances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Discuss the significance of integrity in relationships within the field of psychology.

<p>Integrity in relationships in psychology involves being unbiased, having no conflicts of interest, and maintaining a high standard of ethical conduct. This is crucial for building trust and rapport with clients, colleagues, and research participants, as well as upholding the credibility and professionalism of the field.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the main psychological outcomes and their relevance in understanding human behavior.

<p>The three main psychological outcomes are affective (emotions and moods), behavior (observable actions), and cognition (thoughts and mental processes). These outcomes are essential for understanding and analyzing human behavior, as they provide insights into the emotional, behavioral, and cognitive aspects of individuals' actions and experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the role of humanistic psychology in emphasizing personal responsibility and its application in real-life scenarios.

<p>Humanistic psychology emphasizes personal responsibility by highlighting individuals' capacity to make choices, take control of their lives, and strive for self-improvement. This concept can be applied in real-life scenarios such as counseling or therapy, where clients are encouraged to take ownership of their decisions, actions, and personal growth, fostering a sense of empowerment and autonomy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the interaction between cognitions, emotions, and behaviors in Cognitive-Behavioral Theory.

<p>Cognitive-Behavioral Theory emphasizes the interaction between thoughts, feelings, and actions. It posits that our thoughts and interpretations of events influence our emotions and behaviors, and vice versa. This theory suggests that changing maladaptive thoughts can lead to changes in emotions and behaviors, and vice versa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the five stages of the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) and their significance in behavior change.

<p>The five stages of TTM are pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. These stages represent the different levels of readiness for behavior change and emphasize that change occurs over time in a non-linear fashion. Each stage has its own characteristics and strategies for promoting behavior change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three determinants of behavioral intention in the Theory of Planned Behavior?

<p>The three determinants of behavioral intention in the Theory of Planned Behavior are attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. These factors influence an individual's intention to engage in a specific behavior, which in turn affects their actual behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) incorporate self-efficacy, decisional balance, and processes of change in behavior change?

<p>The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) incorporates self-efficacy by recognizing its importance in influencing behavior change. Decisional balance, which involves weighing the advantages and disadvantages of behavior adoption, is also a key concept in TTM. Additionally, TTM outlines various processes of change that individuals go through when modifying their behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of perceived behavioral control and its role in the Theory of Planned Behavior.

<p>Perceived behavioral control refers to an individual's belief about their ability to perform a behavior and the presence of factors that may facilitate or hinder the behavior. In the Theory of Planned Behavior, perceived behavioral control directly influences behavioral intention and has a direct effect on behavior, making it a crucial determinant of actual behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the key components of Social Cognitive Theory, and how do they contribute to understanding behavior?

<p>Social Cognitive Theory includes goals, outcome expectations, outcome expectancies, behavioral capacity, observational learning, and self-regulation. These components interact to influence behavior by emphasizing the role of personal factors, behavior, and the environment in shaping individuals' actions and choices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the final exam is devoted to the last 4 chapters of the textbook?

<p>At least 55% of the final exam is devoted to the last 4 chapters of the textbook.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the knowledge translation blog assessed?

<p>The knowledge translation blog is assessed based on the higher score achieved, with either 30% or 20% weighting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many long answer questions are in the final exam?

<p>There are 2 long answer questions in the final exam, each worth 15 marks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the content focus of the remaining chapters that won't be tested?

<p>The content from the remaining chapters won't be tested, so the focus should be on theories, key terms, and the main findings of the research area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the quizzes assessed in terms of points?

<p>None of the quizzes are worth points, but many of the questions in the quizzes are similar to the exam questions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rule for the knowledge translation blog for non-academic audiences?

<p>The rule is to only do one knowledge translation blog, and it should be aimed at non-academic audiences, either individual or with 2 people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the three dimensions of self-efficacy and provide examples of each.

<p>Magnitude, strength, and generality are the three dimensions of self-efficacy. Magnitude refers to the number of levels of increasing difficulty that one believes they can perform, such as believing one can solve problems of varying complexity. Strength refers to the firmness of convictions to perform a behavior or obtain an outcome, for example, having strong determination to achieve a fitness goal. Generality refers to the extent to which confidence in one task predicts confidence in another task, like feeling confident in multiple sports due to success in one specific sport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Discuss the impact of self-efficacy on emotions, behaviors, and cognition.

<p>Self-efficacy affects emotions, behaviors, and cognition in various ways. It can influence emotional states such as anxiety or confidence, impact behaviors by determining whether individuals attempt certain tasks or give up easily, and shape cognitive processes by affecting the thoughts and beliefs about personal capabilities and task outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the sources of self-efficacy and how do they contribute to its development?

<p>Performance experiences, vicarious experiences, imaginal experiences, verbal persuasion, and physiological + emotional states are sources of self-efficacy. Performance experiences are the most powerful, as they involve direct mastery of tasks. Vicarious experiences involve observing others and assessing their success to make assumptions about one's own capabilities. Imaginal experiences involve visualizing oneself performing the behavior and generating beliefs about personal efficacy. Verbal persuasion can come from important others or self-talk. Physiological and emotional states can affect self-efficacy through aversive and pleasant experiences. These sources contribute to the development of self-efficacy by providing information and feedback about one's capabilities and the potential for success.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of motivation according to the self-determination theory.

<p>Self-determination theory describes motivation as a collection of reasons for participating in a task. It identifies three motivational regulations: competence, autonomy, and relatedness. Different types of motivational regulations can lead to various consequences. Motivation is not binary but exists on a continuum, and the psychological needs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness determine why we participate in certain activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can one target the psychological needs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness?

<p>To target the three psychological needs, one can adjust the type of motivation to achieve different consequences. This involves considering the individual's need for competence, autonomy, and relatedness when designing tasks or providing support, and ensuring that the motivation provided aligns with these psychological needs to promote optimal engagement and well-being.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential consequences of different motivational regulations?

<p>Different motivational regulations can lead to various consequences, such as enhanced performance, greater well-being, and sustained engagement when the regulations align with the psychological needs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness. In contrast, mismatched or externally regulated motivations may lead to reduced satisfaction, lower persistence, and negative emotional outcomes, impacting overall task engagement and outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the two main dimensions of perfectionism and their respective characteristics.

<p>The two main dimensions of perfectionism are perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns. Perfectionistic strivings are self-oriented, with high personal performance standards (Personal Standards Perfectionism (PSP)), while perfectionistic concerns involve excessive self-criticism, concerns over mistakes, and doubts about actions (Evaluative Concerns Perfectionism (ECP)).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential impacts of perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns on well-being and performance?

<p>Perfectionistic strivings are associated with better performance, well-being, perceptions of control, and positive affect. In contrast, perfectionistic concerns are unrelated to performance and associated with poorer well-being, poor motivation, higher perceptions of threat, and avoidance coping.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between pure Personal Standards Perfectionism (PSP) and pure Evaluative Concerns Perfectionism (ECP).

<p>Pure PSP involves having high standards for oneself, while pure ECP entails high evaluative concerns without a corresponding personal drive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the characteristics of harmonious passion and obsessive passion.

<p>Harmonious passion is in harmony with the rest of a person's life, leading to positive emotions, higher well-being, effective decision making, and effective coping. In contrast, obsessive passion is characterized by rigid and uncontrolled engagement, often conflicting with other aspects of a person's life, resulting in negative emotions and poor well-being.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define mental toughness and describe the characteristics associated with it.

<p>Mental toughness is a set of positive characteristics that enable a person to cope with pressure, focus and rebound from failure, persist in the face of adversity, and attain personal goals. It can be considered a personality trait or state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the COM-B model, what are the three components required to drive behavior?

<p>The COM-B model states that three things are required to drive behavior: capability, opportunity, and motivation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Psychology involves studying various ______, such as motivation and aggression, and specifying the relationships between them.

<p>constructs</p> Signup and view all the answers

The three main psychological ______ are affective (emotions and moods), behavior (observable actions), and cognition (thoughts and mental processes).

<p>outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Personality can be considered a combination of nature (innate individual factors) and nurture (environment).

<p>personality</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, there are five stages of ______, each with increasing levels of need, from physiological to self-actualization.

<p>development</p> Signup and view all the answers

Personality traits like extraversion and conscientiousness have a positive relationship with ______, while Type D personality has a negative relationship.

<p>exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

Competitiveness is a dimension of achievement ______, which also includes win ______ and focus on success.

<p>orientation</p> Signup and view all the answers

KIN 150 is a course in the field of ______

<p>Sport Psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

The final exam will focus more on the ______ chapters of the textbook

<p>last 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

The long answer questions in the final exam are not structured as ______

<p>essays</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the rules of ______ 1. 2. 3. 4.

<p>Ethics</p> Signup and view all the answers

The content from remaining chapters in the textbook won't be ______

<p>tested</p> Signup and view all the answers

The focus of the textbook is on theories, key terms, and main findings of the ______ area

<p>research</p> Signup and view all the answers

Perfectionistic strivings are self-oriented, high personal performance standards, also known as ______ Perfectionism (PSP)

<p>Personal Standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

Perfectionistic concerns are associated with excessive self-criticism, concerns over mistakes, and doubts about actions, also known as Evaluative Concerns ______ (ECP)

<p>Perfectionism</p> Signup and view all the answers

The two main dimensions of perfectionism are perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns, which need to be disentangled to understand the range of ______

<p>perfectionism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Harmonious passion is in harmony with the rest of a person's life, leading to higher wellbeing, effective decision making, and effective ______

<p>coping</p> Signup and view all the answers

The COM-B model states that behavior is mainly determined by capability, opportunity, and ______

<p>motivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Informed consent is mandatory when measuring personality, must not breach confidentiality, and cannot be used for player selection purposes. However, it can be used by qualified professionals to help them better understand a ______

<p>client</p> Signup and view all the answers

Negative punishment (removing something as punishment) is explained from the ______ perspective

<p>cognitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cognitive processes precede and influence ______ (stimulus ightarrow internal events ightarrow response).

<p>behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) aims to help people engage in specific ______.

<p>behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

The five stages of TTM: pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and ______.

<p>maintenance</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Theory of Planned Behavior: behavioral intention is the primary determinant of ______.

<p>behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

Social Cognitive Theory emphasizes the interaction between personal factors, behavior, and the ______.

<p>environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

Self-efficacy can be broken down into three dimensions: magnitude, strength, and ______

<p>generality</p> Signup and view all the answers

Overconfidence can lead to reduced motivation, unrealistic expectations, and poorer ______

<p>performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

Performance experiences, vicarious experiences, imaginal experiences, verbal persuasion, and physiological + emotional states are sources of ______

<p>self-efficacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Self-determination theory identifies three motivational regulations: competence, autonomy, and ______

<p>relatedness</p> Signup and view all the answers

Motivation is not binary but exists on a ______

<p>continuum</p> Signup and view all the answers

To target the three psychological needs, one can adjust the type of motivation to achieve different ______

<p>consequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

  • Self-efficacy refers to the belief in one's abilities to execute tasks and produce desired effects

  • Confidence can be both a trait and a state, but the focus is on self-efficacy as a state

  • Self-efficacy can be broken down into three dimensions: magnitude, strength, and generality

  • Magnitude refers to the number of levels of increasing difficulty that one believes they can perform

  • Strength refers to the firmness of convictions to perform a behavior or obtain an outcome

  • Generality refers to the extent to which confidence in one task predicts confidence in another task

  • People with low self-efficacy avoid challenging tasks, focus on personal failings, and quickly lose confidence

  • People with high self-efficacy view challenging problems as tasks to be mastered, become more committed following failures, and recover quickly from setbacks

  • Self-efficacy affects emotions, behaviors, and cognition

  • Overconfidence can lead to reduced motivation, unrealistic expectations, and poorer performance

  • Performance experiences, vicarious experiences, imaginal experiences, verbal persuasion, and physiological + emotional states are sources of self-efficacy

  • Performance experiences are the most powerful sources of self-efficacy information

  • Self-efficacy can be built using performance experiences by creating opportunities for skill mastery and observing successful models

  • Vicarious experiences involve observing others and assessing their success to make assumptions about one's own capabilities

  • Imaginal experiences involve visualizing oneself performing the behavior and generating beliefs about personal efficacy

  • Verbal persuasion can come from important others or self-talk

  • Physiological and emotional states can affect self-efficacy through aversive and pleasant experiences

  • Motivation is influenced by both individual and environmental factors

  • Self-determination theory describes motivation as a collection of reasons for participating in a task

  • Self-determination theory identifies three motivational regulations: competence, autonomy, and relatedness

  • Different types of motivational regulations can lead to various consequences

  • Motivation is not binary but exists on a continuum

  • Psychological needs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness determine why we participate in certain activities.

  • To target the three psychological needs, one can adjust the type of motivation to achieve different consequences.

  • Goal orientation in sports: athletes exhibit higher competitiveness than non-athletes

  • Competitiveness is an essential characteristic of Canadian Olympians

  • Perfectionism: an extreme performance standard with extremely critical self-evaluations

  • Two main dimensions of perfectionism: perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns

  • Perfectionistic strivings: self-oriented, high personal performance standards (Personal Standards Perfectionism (PSP))

  • Perfectionistic concerns: social element, excessive self-criticism, concerns over mistakes and doubts about actions (Evaluative Concerns Perfectionism (ECP))

  • Perfectionism: a range, not either or, need to disentangle strivings and concerns

  • Perfectionistic strivings related to performance, associated with better performance, well-being, perceptions of control, positive affect

  • Perfectionistic concerns unrelated to performance, associated with poorer well-being, poor motivation, higher perceptions of threat and avoidance coping

  • Pure PSP: having high standards for self

  • Pure ECP: high evaluative concerns but no personal drive

  • Non perfectionism and mixed perfectionism: the same

  • Self-compassion: a potential antidote to the negative impacts of perfectionism

  • Flow: engaged in an activity as part of one's identity for the pleasure of the activity

  • Harmonious passion: in harmony with the rest of a person's life, positive emotions and emotions, higher wellbeing, effective decision making, and effective coping

  • Obsessive passion: rigid and uncontrolled engagement, often conflicts with other aspects of a person's life, negative emotions and poor wellbeing

  • Mental toughness: a set of positive characteristics that allow a person to cope with pressure, focus and rebound from failure, persist in the face of adversity, and attain personal goals

  • Mental toughness: considered a personality trait or state

  • Mental toughness: when faced with difficult situations, mentally tough people have control, appraise the situation as a challenge, maintain commitment, and have confidence in themselves

  • The COM-B model: to drive behavior, three things are required: capability, opportunity, and motivation

  • The COM-B model: behavior mainly determined by behavioral perspective (reinforcement or punishment) or motivational perspective (capability, opportunity, and motivation)

  • Informed consent is mandatory when measuring personality, must not breach confidentiality, and cannot be used for player selection purposes. However, it can be used by qualified professionals to help them better understand a client.

  • Mental toughness: noteworthy limitations with quantitative evidence, focus could be on other characteristics like resilience, and the terms mental toughness and resilience are interchangeable.

  • Ethical considerations: informed consent is mandatory when measuring personality, must not breach confidentiality, and cannot be used for player selection purposes. However, it can be used by qualified professionals to help them better understand a client.

  • Self-efficacy refers to the belief in one's abilities to execute tasks and produce desired effects

  • Confidence can be both a trait and a state, but the focus is on self-efficacy as a state

  • Self-efficacy can be broken down into three dimensions: magnitude, strength, and generality

  • Magnitude refers to the number of levels of increasing difficulty that one believes they can perform

  • Strength refers to the firmness of convictions to perform a behavior or obtain an outcome

  • Generality refers to the extent to which confidence in one task predicts confidence in another task

  • People with low self-efficacy avoid challenging tasks, focus on personal failings, and quickly lose confidence

  • People with high self-efficacy view challenging problems as tasks to be mastered, become more committed following failures, and recover quickly from setbacks

  • Self-efficacy affects emotions, behaviors, and cognition

  • Overconfidence can lead to reduced motivation, unrealistic expectations, and poorer performance

  • Performance experiences, vicarious experiences, imaginal experiences, verbal persuasion, and physiological + emotional states are sources of self-efficacy

  • Performance experiences are the most powerful sources of self-efficacy information

  • Self-efficacy can be built using performance experiences by creating opportunities for skill mastery and observing successful models

  • Vicarious experiences involve observing others and assessing their success to make assumptions about one's own capabilities

  • Imaginal experiences involve visualizing oneself performing the behavior and generating beliefs about personal efficacy

  • Verbal persuasion can come from important others or self-talk

  • Physiological and emotional states can affect self-efficacy through aversive and pleasant experiences

  • Motivation is influenced by both individual and environmental factors

  • Self-determination theory describes motivation as a collection of reasons for participating in a task

  • Self-determination theory identifies three motivational regulations: competence, autonomy, and relatedness

  • Different types of motivational regulations can lead to various consequences

  • Motivation is not binary but exists on a continuum

  • Psychological needs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness determine why we participate in certain activities.

  • To target the three psychological needs, one can adjust the type of motivation to achieve different consequences.

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Test your knowledge about the importance of competitiveness in sports, the characteristics of perfectionism, and the evidence of its significance for athletes. Explore the dimensions of perfectionism and its impact on athletes' performance.

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