18 Questions
What is the primary issue with traditional approaches to visual perception?
They presuppose that perception begins with a static pattern of light intensity on the retina.
What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where light energy is affected by the medium it traverses?
Medium-dependent reflection
Which of the following is NOT a key aspect of Gibsonian psychology?
The formation of internal representations of objects
What is the term used to describe the ability to detect movement in the environment?
Movement detection
What is the term used to describe the sensory information that is derived from the movement of the body?
Proprioception
What is the term used to describe the sensory information that is derived from the external environment?
Exproprioception
What type of information is required to guide actions such as locomotion and obstacle avoidance?
Exteroceptive information
What term is used to describe the detection of invariants in the environment during movement?
Optic flow
What is the term for the information that helps maintain posture and balance when eyes are closed?
Proprioceptive information
According to the Neo-Gibsonian approach, what is the focus of perception and action?
The relationship between the environment and the body
What is the term for the position of the body relative to the environment?
Exproprioception
What is the phenomenon where the presence of an object that affords a grip compatible with the response leads to faster and more accurate responses?
Potentiation of action components
What is the primary role of the perceiver in direct perception according to Gibson?
To pick up information from the optic array and optic flow
What type of invariants specify layout, shape, and movement?
Structural invariants
What is the term for the pattern of light reaching a point in space determined by the nature of reflecting surfaces?
Optic array
What is the purpose of transformational invariants in perception?
To detect movement and locomotion
What is the term for the product of perception according to Gibson's radical theory?
Affordances
What is the term for the detection of functional values of surfaces and objects?
Affordances
Study Notes
Perception of Depth
- Infants as young as 6-14 months old can perceive depth from texture, demonstrated by Gibson and Walk (1960)
- This is achieved through the optic array pattern of light reaching a point in space, which is determined by the nature of reflecting surfaces
Optic Flow and Invariants
- Optic flow refers to the changes in the pattern of light reaching a moving observer
- These changes specify the layout, shape, and movement of objects in the environment
- Structural invariants are patterns of relationships that remain constant despite changes in the visual image
- Examples of invariants include the ratio of an object's height to the distance between its base and the horizon, which specifies size constancy
Transformational Invariants
- Flow is associated with locomotion and transformational invariants, such as changes in the optic flow pattern
- Non-flow is associated with stasis and the lack of transformational invariants
- Outflow is associated with approach and the centre of outflow, direction, and shift of the centre, indicating a change of direction
- Inflow is associated with retreat and the direction of movement
Direct Perception
- The optic array and optic flow provide all the information needed for perception
- The role of the perceiver is to pick up information from the optic array and optic flow
- No internal processing of the retinal image is required, and perception is therefore "direct"
Affordances
- J.J. Gibson proposed a radical theory of affordances, which suggests that perception directly detects the functional value of surfaces and objects
- Affordances bridge the gap between perception and action
- Examples of affordances include a visual cliff or a mailbox affording posting letters
Micro-Affordances
- Micro-affordances refer to the potentiation of action components by seen objects
- Examples of micro-affordances include the facilitation of grip responses by objects that afford a compatible grip
Ecological Contexts
- Neo-Gibsonians, such as David Lee, emphasize the relationship between perception and action in ecological contexts
- Examples of ecological contexts include locomotion, maintaining posture, and avoiding obstacles
- Exteroceptive information from the environment, proprioceptive information from the body, and exproprioceptive information about the body's position in the environment are all important for guiding action
This quiz explores the concept of depth perception in infants, particularly in relation to Gibson's theory. It delves into the role of texture, optic array, and optic flow in shaping our understanding of the visual world. Test your knowledge of this fascinating topic!
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