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What theory focuses on the ability to detect a stimulus among background noise?
What theory focuses on the ability to detect a stimulus among background noise?
Which sensory process refers to the minimum difference in stimulation required to detect a difference between two stimuli?
Which sensory process refers to the minimum difference in stimulation required to detect a difference between two stimuli?
What is the term for the brain's ability to maintain a consistent perception of an object despite changes in sensory input?
What is the term for the brain's ability to maintain a consistent perception of an object despite changes in sensory input?
Which sensory system is responsible for the perception of taste and smell?
Which sensory system is responsible for the perception of taste and smell?
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What is the phenomenon of carts rolling uphill on their own known as?
What is the phenomenon of carts rolling uphill on their own known as?
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What is synesthesia?
What is synesthesia?
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What is the approximate prevalence of synesthesia among women?
What is the approximate prevalence of synesthesia among women?
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What did A.R. Luria study related to synesthesia?
What did A.R. Luria study related to synesthesia?
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How many stages are involved in sensory processing and perception?
How many stages are involved in sensory processing and perception?
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What is the 'binding problem' related to?
What is the 'binding problem' related to?
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What does diffusion tensor imaging reveal about the brains of patients with synesthesia?
What does diffusion tensor imaging reveal about the brains of patients with synesthesia?
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What is the main difference between sensation and perception according to psychologists?
What is the main difference between sensation and perception according to psychologists?
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What is the cause of sensory mixing in synesthetic individuals?
What is the cause of sensory mixing in synesthetic individuals?
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What is the phenomenon of perceiving colors and tastes in response to musical tones an example of?
What is the phenomenon of perceiving colors and tastes in response to musical tones an example of?
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What did functional MRI studies show about synesthetes hearing certain words?
What did functional MRI studies show about synesthetes hearing certain words?
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What was discovered about the magnetic or gravity hills worldwide?
What was discovered about the magnetic or gravity hills worldwide?
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What does Signal Detection Theory challenge?
What does Signal Detection Theory challenge?
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What is the smallest difference between stimuli perceived 50% of the time called?
What is the smallest difference between stimuli perceived 50% of the time called?
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According to Weber's law, how is the just noticeable difference (jnd) related to the magnitude of the stimulus?
According to Weber's law, how is the just noticeable difference (jnd) related to the magnitude of the stimulus?
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What are the possible outcomes in a signal detection experiment matrix?
What are the possible outcomes in a signal detection experiment matrix?
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What influences people's decision criterion for stimulus detection?
What influences people's decision criterion for stimulus detection?
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What role do participant characteristics and situation nature play in decision criterion?
What role do participant characteristics and situation nature play in decision criterion?
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What do bold participants have more of, influenced by rewards and costs?
What do bold participants have more of, influenced by rewards and costs?
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What plays a role in signal detection, as seen in the example of experienced drivers?
What plays a role in signal detection, as seen in the example of experienced drivers?
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What do professional wine tasters and piano tuners rely on the ability to do?
What do professional wine tasters and piano tuners rely on the ability to do?
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What is perception according to the text?
What is perception according to the text?
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What can be as important as detecting stimuli according to the text?
What can be as important as detecting stimuli according to the text?
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What does Signal Detection Theory study?
What does Signal Detection Theory study?
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What is the process of converting the characteristics of a stimulus into nerve impulses known as?
What is the process of converting the characteristics of a stimulus into nerve impulses known as?
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What is the lowest intensity at which a stimulus can be detected correctly 50 percent of the time called?
What is the lowest intensity at which a stimulus can be detected correctly 50 percent of the time called?
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What is the scientific area concerned with the relations between stimuli and sensory capabilities?
What is the scientific area concerned with the relations between stimuli and sensory capabilities?
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What is the process of extracting necessary information from the environment for survival known as?
What is the process of extracting necessary information from the environment for survival known as?
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What is the term for the specialized sensory receptors that transform energy forms into nerve impulses?
What is the term for the specialized sensory receptors that transform energy forms into nerve impulses?
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What is the term for the characteristic of a stimulus being converted into nerve impulses?
What is the term for the characteristic of a stimulus being converted into nerve impulses?
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What is the study of the limits of sensitivity and differences between stimuli known as?
What is the study of the limits of sensitivity and differences between stimuli known as?
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What is the term for the response of sense organs to environmental stimuli?
What is the term for the response of sense organs to environmental stimuli?
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What is the process of the organization and interpretation of stimulus input known as?
What is the process of the organization and interpretation of stimulus input known as?
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What is the term for the active and creative process influenced by context and learned expectations?
What is the term for the active and creative process influenced by context and learned expectations?
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What do humans have more than the classical five senses, including senses for balance and body position, and touch subdivided into pressure, pain, and temperature?
What do humans have more than the classical five senses, including senses for balance and body position, and touch subdivided into pressure, pain, and temperature?
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What is the term for the lowest intensity at which a stimulus can be detected correctly 50 percent of the time?
What is the term for the lowest intensity at which a stimulus can be detected correctly 50 percent of the time?
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What does Weber's law state?
What does Weber's law state?
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What did Gustav Fechner's Law state?
What did Gustav Fechner's Law state?
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What is true about subliminal stimuli?
What is true about subliminal stimuli?
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What is a characteristic of patients with prosopagnosia?
What is a characteristic of patients with prosopagnosia?
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What type of brain damage did Patient D.F. experience?
What type of brain damage did Patient D.F. experience?
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What did the National Association of Broadcasters do regarding subliminal messages on American TV?
What did the National Association of Broadcasters do regarding subliminal messages on American TV?
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What is true about the influence of subliminal stimuli on consumer behavior?
What is true about the influence of subliminal stimuli on consumer behavior?
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What is a characteristic of patients with prosopagnosia's ability to identify people?
What is a characteristic of patients with prosopagnosia's ability to identify people?
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What did studies identify in patients with prosopagnosia related to object perception?
What did studies identify in patients with prosopagnosia related to object perception?
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What is true about the reproducibility of the claimed impact of subliminal messages on popcorn and soft drink sales?
What is true about the reproducibility of the claimed impact of subliminal messages on popcorn and soft drink sales?
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What is true about the impact of subliminal stimuli on consumer behavior?
What is true about the impact of subliminal stimuli on consumer behavior?
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Study Notes
Signal Detection Theory and Psychophysics
- Absolute threshold for vision, hearing, taste, smell, and touch varies widely
- Signal detection theory challenges the concept of fixed sensitivity, suggesting fluctuation
- People set their own decision criterion for stimulus detection, influenced by factors like fatigue and expectation
- Signal detection theory studies factors influencing sensory judgments in experiments
- Difference threshold, or just noticeable difference (jnd, is the smallest difference between stimuli perceived 50% of the time
- Weber's law states that jnd is directly proportional to the magnitude of the stimulus
- Signal detection experiment matrix shows possible outcomes: hit, miss, false alarm, correct rejection
- Decision criterion influenced by participant characteristics and situation nature
- Bold participants have more hits and false alarms, influenced by rewards and costs
- Experience plays a role in signal detection, as seen in the example of experienced drivers
- Perception is a decision, and distinguishing between stimuli can be as important as detecting them
- Professional wine tasters and piano tuners rely on the ability to make subtle discriminations between stimuli
The Neuroscience of Subliminal Perception and Prosopagnosia
- Weber’s law states that the minimum difference in weight required to perceive a change is proportional to the original weight
- Weber’s fractions for various sensory modalities are listed in Table 5.2
- Gustav Fechner developed Fechner’s Law, stating that perceived sensation is proportional to the logarithm of physical stimulus intensity
- Subliminal stimuli are too weak or brief to be consciously perceived, registering in the nervous system below the absolute threshold
- Subliminal messages were claimed to increase popcorn and soft drink sales, but the results were not reproducible
- The National Association of Broadcasters outlawed subliminal messages on American TV due to concerns about mind control and brainwashing
- Subliminal stimuli have limited influence on consumer behavior, but can affect attitudes to a greater extent
- Patients with prosopagnosia have difficulty recognizing familiar faces due to specific brain damage
- Patients with prosopagnosia may still be able to categorize a visual stimulus as a face and make educated guesses about the person's identity
- Patient D.F. with brain damage from carbon monoxide poisoning has difficulty recognizing object size, shape, and orientation, but can perceive color
- Studies have identified specific lesions in the lateral occipital area (LOA) associated with object perception in patients with prosopagnosia
- Patients with prosopagnosia may identify people using nonfacial cues such as clothing choice and voice pitch
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Description
Test your knowledge of signal detection theory, psychophysics, subliminal perception, and prosopagnosia with this quiz. Explore concepts such as absolute threshold, difference threshold, Weber's law, and the impact of subliminal stimuli on consumer behavior. Delve into the fascinating neurological condition of prosopagnosia and its effects on facial recognition and perception.
