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Perception and Recognition Quiz
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Perception and Recognition Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What theory focuses on the ability to detect a stimulus among background noise?

  • Subliminal Perception Theory
  • Absolute Threshold Theory
  • Signal Detection Theory (correct)
  • Perceptual Constancy Theory

    • Which sensory process refers to the minimum difference in stimulation required to detect a difference between two stimuli?

  • Absolute Threshold (correct)
  • Perceptual Constancy
  • Sensory Adaptation
  • Signal Detection Threshold

    • What is the term for the brain's ability to maintain a consistent perception of an object despite changes in sensory input?

  • Perceptual Constancy (correct)
  • Sensory Adaptation
  • Perceptual Set
  • Hypothesis Testing

    • Which sensory system is responsible for the perception of taste and smell?

    <p>Gustation and Olfaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phenomenon of carts rolling uphill on their own known as?

    <p>Magnetic hills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is synesthesia?

    <p>A condition where individuals experience mixing of the senses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate prevalence of synesthesia among women?

    <p>1 in 1150</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did A.R. Luria study related to synesthesia?

    <p>An individual who experienced mixed-up sensations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many stages are involved in sensory processing and perception?

    <p>Six</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'binding problem' related to?

    <p>How the brain binds different sensory inputs into a unified perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does diffusion tensor imaging reveal about the brains of patients with synesthesia?

    <p>Increased connectivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between sensation and perception according to psychologists?

    <p>Sensation involves reception and translation of physical energies, while perception involves organizing and conferring meaning on nerve impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of sensory mixing in synesthetic individuals?

    <p>Cross-wiring in the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phenomenon of perceiving colors and tastes in response to musical tones an example of?

    <p>Synesthesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did functional MRI studies show about synesthetes hearing certain words?

    <p>Associated with neural activity in parts of the visual cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was discovered about the magnetic or gravity hills worldwide?

    <p>No unusual magnetic fields detected at any site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Signal Detection Theory challenge?

    <p>The concept of fixed sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the smallest difference between stimuli perceived 50% of the time called?

    <p>Difference threshold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Weber's law, how is the just noticeable difference (jnd) related to the magnitude of the stimulus?

    <p>Directly proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the possible outcomes in a signal detection experiment matrix?

    <p>Hit, miss, false alarm, correct rejection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences people's decision criterion for stimulus detection?

    <p>Factors like fatigue and expectation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do participant characteristics and situation nature play in decision criterion?

    <p>Influencing the decision criterion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do bold participants have more of, influenced by rewards and costs?

    <p>Hits and false alarms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What plays a role in signal detection, as seen in the example of experienced drivers?

    <p>Experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do professional wine tasters and piano tuners rely on the ability to do?

    <p>Make subtle discriminations between stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is perception according to the text?

    <p>A decision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be as important as detecting stimuli according to the text?

    <p>Distinguishing between stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Signal Detection Theory study?

    <p>Factors influencing sensory judgments in experiments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of converting the characteristics of a stimulus into nerve impulses known as?

    <p>Sensory transduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lowest intensity at which a stimulus can be detected correctly 50 percent of the time called?

    <p>Absolute threshold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scientific area concerned with the relations between stimuli and sensory capabilities?

    <p>Psychophysics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of extracting necessary information from the environment for survival known as?

    <p>Sensory processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the specialized sensory receptors that transform energy forms into nerve impulses?

    <p>Sensory transducers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the characteristic of a stimulus being converted into nerve impulses?

    <p>Sensory transduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study of the limits of sensitivity and differences between stimuli known as?

    <p>Psychophysics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the response of sense organs to environmental stimuli?

    <p>Sensory reception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of the organization and interpretation of stimulus input known as?

    <p>Perceptual organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the active and creative process influenced by context and learned expectations?

    <p>Perceptual construction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do humans have more than the classical five senses, including senses for balance and body position, and touch subdivided into pressure, pain, and temperature?

    <p>Proprioception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the lowest intensity at which a stimulus can be detected correctly 50 percent of the time?

    <p>Absolute threshold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Weber's law state?

    <p>The minimum difference in weight required to perceive a change is proportional to the original weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Gustav Fechner's Law state?

    <p>Perceived sensation is proportional to the logarithm of physical stimulus intensity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about subliminal stimuli?

    <p>They are too weak or brief to be consciously perceived, registering in the nervous system below the absolute threshold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of patients with prosopagnosia?

    <p>They have difficulty recognizing familiar faces due to specific brain damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of brain damage did Patient D.F. experience?

    <p>Carbon monoxide poisoning resulting in difficulty recognizing object size, shape, and orientation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the National Association of Broadcasters do regarding subliminal messages on American TV?

    <p>Outlawed them due to concerns about mind control and brainwashing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the influence of subliminal stimuli on consumer behavior?

    <p>Subliminal stimuli have limited influence on consumer behavior, but can affect attitudes to a greater extent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of patients with prosopagnosia's ability to identify people?

    <p>They may identify people using nonfacial cues such as clothing choice and voice pitch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did studies identify in patients with prosopagnosia related to object perception?

    <p>Specific lesions in the lateral occipital area (LOA) associated with object perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the reproducibility of the claimed impact of subliminal messages on popcorn and soft drink sales?

    <p>The results were not reproducible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the impact of subliminal stimuli on consumer behavior?

    <p>Subliminal stimuli have limited influence on consumer behavior, but can affect attitudes to a greater extent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Signal Detection Theory and Psychophysics

    • Absolute threshold for vision, hearing, taste, smell, and touch varies widely
    • Signal detection theory challenges the concept of fixed sensitivity, suggesting fluctuation
    • People set their own decision criterion for stimulus detection, influenced by factors like fatigue and expectation
    • Signal detection theory studies factors influencing sensory judgments in experiments
    • Difference threshold, or just noticeable difference (jnd, is the smallest difference between stimuli perceived 50% of the time
    • Weber's law states that jnd is directly proportional to the magnitude of the stimulus
    • Signal detection experiment matrix shows possible outcomes: hit, miss, false alarm, correct rejection
    • Decision criterion influenced by participant characteristics and situation nature
    • Bold participants have more hits and false alarms, influenced by rewards and costs
    • Experience plays a role in signal detection, as seen in the example of experienced drivers
    • Perception is a decision, and distinguishing between stimuli can be as important as detecting them
    • Professional wine tasters and piano tuners rely on the ability to make subtle discriminations between stimuli

    The Neuroscience of Subliminal Perception and Prosopagnosia

    • Weber’s law states that the minimum difference in weight required to perceive a change is proportional to the original weight
    • Weber’s fractions for various sensory modalities are listed in Table 5.2
    • Gustav Fechner developed Fechner’s Law, stating that perceived sensation is proportional to the logarithm of physical stimulus intensity
    • Subliminal stimuli are too weak or brief to be consciously perceived, registering in the nervous system below the absolute threshold
    • Subliminal messages were claimed to increase popcorn and soft drink sales, but the results were not reproducible
    • The National Association of Broadcasters outlawed subliminal messages on American TV due to concerns about mind control and brainwashing
    • Subliminal stimuli have limited influence on consumer behavior, but can affect attitudes to a greater extent
    • Patients with prosopagnosia have difficulty recognizing familiar faces due to specific brain damage
    • Patients with prosopagnosia may still be able to categorize a visual stimulus as a face and make educated guesses about the person's identity
    • Patient D.F. with brain damage from carbon monoxide poisoning has difficulty recognizing object size, shape, and orientation, but can perceive color
    • Studies have identified specific lesions in the lateral occipital area (LOA) associated with object perception in patients with prosopagnosia
    • Patients with prosopagnosia may identify people using nonfacial cues such as clothing choice and voice pitch

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    Related Documents

    Psychology_ frontiers and applications-156-201.pdf

    Description

    Test your knowledge of signal detection theory, psychophysics, subliminal perception, and prosopagnosia with this quiz. Explore concepts such as absolute threshold, difference threshold, Weber's law, and the impact of subliminal stimuli on consumer behavior. Delve into the fascinating neurological condition of prosopagnosia and its effects on facial recognition and perception.

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