Perception and Object Recognition Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the concept of 'geons' in Biederman's recognition by components theory?

Patterns formed by multiple objects

Basic geometric shapes used in object recognition (correct)

Colors that are recognized in isolation

Complex designs that confuse viewers

How does top-down processing influence perception?

It relies solely on sensory input.

It is influenced by past experiences and expectations. (correct)

It focuses on details rather than context.

It selects information based on perceptual features only.

What role does abstraction play in perception?

It requires processing of every detail of an object.

It allows for faster and more efficient encoding of information. (correct)

It eliminates the need for any contextual influence.

It focuses on storing exact representations of objects.

What phenomenon occurs when a moving rectangle causes the perception that a bright spot inside it is moving in the opposite direction?

Induced motion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of shape in the recognition of objects?

Shape is critical for visual processing and matching with memory. Signup and view all the answers

What are perceptual constancies concerned with?

Maintaining consistent perception despite varying conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is color constancy primarily about?

The perception of a color's inherent properties regardless of lighting conditions. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of visual cortex cell responds to bar or edge stimuli in particular orientations without needing a specific position?

Complex cells Signup and view all the answers

What cognitive process involves forming a global understanding of a scene before identifying individual objects?

Global-to-local processing Signup and view all the answers

Why does brightness constancy occur?

The brain adjusts perception to account for changes in light intensity. Signup and view all the answers

What effect occurs when a static bright spot in a dark place is perceived to move due to the absence of reference points?

Autokinetic motion Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect best describes the information processing of the brain regarding the distal stimulus?

It uses organizational criteria to form a representation of reality. Signup and view all the answers

What role does the context of a scene play in object recognition?

It assists in disambiguating objects. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of visual perception, what is a primary reason for the ability to read jumbled letters in words?

Context and previous experiences guide understanding. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic requirement of hypercomplex cells in visual processing?

Stimuli to be of a particular length. Signup and view all the answers

What effect describes the visual perception of motion when static images are presented in quick succession?

Stroboscopic motion Signup and view all the answers

What does mimetism refer to in perception?

The phenomenon of perceiving objects that are absent in physical reality Signup and view all the answers

Which concept refers to the recognition of phenomena experienced by our senses at the cerebral level?

Percept Signup and view all the answers

How does the Muller-Lyer illusion demonstrate perception?

By indicating discrepancies between physical and phenomenical objects Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary functions of attention in perception?

To determine which information merits further processing Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes perceptual constancies?

They are the ability to maintain certain inherent features of objects despite changes in perspective Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the physical stimulus as it exists in reality?

Distal stimulus Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'recognition' refer to in the context of perception?

The process of recognizing what an object is Signup and view all the answers

The term 'localization' in perception involves which of the following?

Determining where the objects of interest are located Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Course of Experimental Psychology: Perception

Course offered by Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore in Milan
Instructor: Claudia Repetto

Table of Contents (TOC)

Perception: definition and functions
Localization: separation of objects
Localization: perceiving distance
Localization: perceiving motion
Recognition: global-to-local processing
Recognition: identifying objects
Perceptual constancies

How Raw Sensations are Translated into Perception

Images shown: a drawing of a skull and the words "I LOVE PARIS IN THE SPRINGTIME"
Raw sensations are processed to form a perception.

Physical Reality and Phenomenal Reality

Mimetism: the absence of a phenomenal object when a physical object is present
Anomalous figures: a phenomenon where what's absent physically is perceived
Optical illusions: discrepancies between physical and perceived objects

Absence of Phenomenal Object: Mimetism

Examples of images shown: a circle divided into sections, a triangle
These show how our perception can be different from physical reality.

Absence of Physical Object: Anomalous Figures

Kanizsa's triangle is an example.
The figure is perceived even if not physically present

Optical Illusions

Muller-Lyer illusion: lines appear different lengths even though they are the same length.

Psychophysical Chain

Distal Stimulus: the physical stimulus in reality. Example: an apple
Proximal Stimulus: the receptor's (like eyes or ears) response to the distal stimulus. Example: the image of the apple on the retina
Percept: the result at the cerebral level, the recognition of the phenomena. Example: perceiving the object and identifying it as an apple.

Five Functions of Perception

Attention: deciding which information to process
Localization: determining where an object is
Recognition: knowing what an object is
Abstraction: extracting key features of an object
Perceptual constancies: maintaining unchanged features of an object even when it appears different.

Localization: Perceiving Distance

The retina is two-dimensional, but we perceive a three-dimensional world.
Depth cues are used to determine distance.

Binocular Cues

Binocular disparity: the difference between two retinal images allows perception of distance.

Monocular Cues

Relative size: smaller objects seem further away
Interposition: one object blocking our view of a second suggests it is closer
Relative height: objects near the horizon seem further away
Perspective: parallel lines seem to converge as they recede
Shading and shadows: reveal object shapes, distance of objects relative to each other, and position of the light source
Motion parallax: the relative motion of objects depending on their distance from us.

Localization: Perceiving Motion

An object's motion is perceived when the retinal image moves relating to a background.
The image on the retina enlarges as an object moves towards us.
However, our perception isn't a constant flow of motion

See the Following Effects...

Induced motion: a stationary object appears to move when surrounding objects move
Stroboscopic motion: rapid succession of stationary images creates the illusion of continuous motion. Example: a flipbook
Autokinetic motion: a stationary object appears to move in a dark setting

Recognition: Global-to-Local Processing

The brain processes the whole scene, recognizing objects by using this global information .
Also, it uses details of specific objects

Recognition: Determining What an Object Is

Visual processing, starting with input from the retina, uses both bottom-up and top-down processes for identification
Bottom-up processing: identifying shapes by simple cells, complex cells, and hyper complex cells
Top-down processing: knowledge, context, and previous experience influence object recognition

Bottom-Up Processes (Recognition)

Biederman's recognition-by-components theory:
- Objects break down into geons (geometric ions) like cylinders or cones. This gives us a basic understanding of the object's shape

Top-Down Processes (Recognition)

Perception is guided by previous experiences, context of information, expectations, and motivations.

Abstraction

We don't need to process all of an object's details to identify it
Abstraction helps to extract important features to do whatever task is required

Perceptual Constancies

The brain adapts to compensate for incomplete or inconsistent information.
Color Constancy: perceiving object color despite changes in illumination . Brightness constancy: perceiving object lightness despite changes in light source intensity
Shape constancy: perceiving the same shape despite changes in the retinal image
Size constancy: perceiving the same size despite changes in retinal image size.
Size constancy depends on depth cues. .

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Description

Test your knowledge on Biederman's recognition by components theory and the concepts of perception. This quiz explores top-down processing, abstraction, perceptual constancies, and the neural mechanisms involved in visual perception. Challenge yourself with questions about cognitive processes and visual phenomena.