Perception and Object Recognition Quiz

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson
Download our mobile app to listen on the go
Get App

Questions and Answers

What is the concept of 'geons' in Biederman's recognition by components theory?

  • Patterns formed by multiple objects
  • Basic geometric shapes used in object recognition (correct)
  • Colors that are recognized in isolation
  • Complex designs that confuse viewers

How does top-down processing influence perception?

  • It relies solely on sensory input.
  • It is influenced by past experiences and expectations. (correct)
  • It focuses on details rather than context.
  • It selects information based on perceptual features only.

What role does abstraction play in perception?

  • It requires processing of every detail of an object.
  • It allows for faster and more efficient encoding of information. (correct)
  • It eliminates the need for any contextual influence.
  • It focuses on storing exact representations of objects.

What phenomenon occurs when a moving rectangle causes the perception that a bright spot inside it is moving in the opposite direction?

<p>Induced motion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of shape in the recognition of objects?

<p>Shape is critical for visual processing and matching with memory. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are perceptual constancies concerned with?

<p>Maintaining consistent perception despite varying conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is color constancy primarily about?

<p>The perception of a color's inherent properties regardless of lighting conditions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of visual cortex cell responds to bar or edge stimuli in particular orientations without needing a specific position?

<p>Complex cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cognitive process involves forming a global understanding of a scene before identifying individual objects?

<p>Global-to-local processing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does brightness constancy occur?

<p>The brain adjusts perception to account for changes in light intensity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect occurs when a static bright spot in a dark place is perceived to move due to the absence of reference points?

<p>Autokinetic motion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect best describes the information processing of the brain regarding the distal stimulus?

<p>It uses organizational criteria to form a representation of reality. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the context of a scene play in object recognition?

<p>It assists in disambiguating objects. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of visual perception, what is a primary reason for the ability to read jumbled letters in words?

<p>Context and previous experiences guide understanding. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic requirement of hypercomplex cells in visual processing?

<p>Stimuli to be of a particular length. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect describes the visual perception of motion when static images are presented in quick succession?

<p>Stroboscopic motion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does mimetism refer to in perception?

<p>The phenomenon of perceiving objects that are absent in physical reality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept refers to the recognition of phenomena experienced by our senses at the cerebral level?

<p>Percept (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Muller-Lyer illusion demonstrate perception?

<p>By indicating discrepancies between physical and phenomenical objects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary functions of attention in perception?

<p>To determine which information merits further processing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes perceptual constancies?

<p>They are the ability to maintain certain inherent features of objects despite changes in perspective (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the physical stimulus as it exists in reality?

<p>Distal stimulus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'recognition' refer to in the context of perception?

<p>The process of recognizing what an object is (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term 'localization' in perception involves which of the following?

<p>Determining where the objects of interest are located (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Color Constancy

The ability of the visual system to perceive the color of an object despite changes in the light source. For example, a red apple appears red under both sunlight and a lamplight.

Brightness Constancy

The ability of the visual system to perceive the brightness of an object despite changes in the overall intensity of the light source. For example, a white paper appears similarly white under a dim lamp and under bright sunlight.

Recognition by Components Theory (Biederman 1987)

The process of recognizing objects by identifying their basic geometric components (GEONS) and their spatial relationships. This theory suggests that we can recognize objects even if they are partially obscured or in novel viewpoints. Example: a mug can be recognized even if it's tilted, due to the recognition of its GEONs (cylinder, handle).

Abstraction

The process of extracting the essential features or information from an object, ignoring irrelevant details. This allows for efficient encoding and storage of information, and reduces the cognitive load during perception.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Top-Down Processing

The process of interpreting sensory information based on prior experience, knowledge, expectations, and context. This allows us to make sense of ambiguous stimuli and fill in missing information. For example, reading text with missing letters: our brain uses context to fill in the gaps.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bottom-Up Processing

The process of receiving and processing sensory information as it arrives from the environment. This is a bottom-up approach where the brain builds a representation of the world based on the raw sensory data.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Indirect Perception

The brain does not have direct access to physical reality, instead, it receives information filtered by our sensory receptors, which can be incomplete or ambiguous.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Perceptual Constancies

The brain uses organizational criteria to reconstruct a representation of reality as close to the truth as possible, despite the limitations of our sensory receptors.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mimetism

The phenomenon where objects in the physical world do not appear on the perceptual level, even though they physically exist. For example, camouflage.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Anomalous Figures

The phenomenon where we perceive objects that do not physically exist on the physical level. For example, Kanizsa's Triangle.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Perception

The process by which our brains interpret sensory information and construct a meaningful representation of the world around us.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Localization

The ability to perceive the location of objects in space, including their distance and movement.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Recognition

The ability to identify and categorize objects based on their perceived features.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Perceptual Constancy

The ability to maintain a consistent perception of an object's properties, despite changes in the sensory information received. Examples include size, shape, and color constancy.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Attention

The process by which we select and attend to specific information from our sensory environment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Induced Motion

The phenomenon where we perceive movement even when there's none, often due to the movement of surrounding elements. For example, when a stationary rectangle with a bright spot moves, we perceive the spot moving in the opposite direction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Stroboscopic motion

The perception of motion created by presenting a series of static images in rapid succession. This is how movies work!

Signup and view all the flashcards

Autokinetic Motion

The perception of a static bright spot seemingly drifting in a dark room. Due to the lack of reference points, your brain misinterprets your eye movements as the spot moving.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Global-to-Local processing for object recognition

The ability to identify objects by first understanding the overall scene and then focusing on individual details within that context.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Object recognition through shape analysis

The process by which we analyze an object's shape to establish its identity. It involves comparing the visual information to existing knowledge in our memory to find the best match.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Feature detectors in the visual cortex

Specialized neurons in the cortex that respond to specific visual features like edges, lines, and orientations. This allows for the breakdown of complex objects into basic elements.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How feature detectors work for natural objects

The unique way simple, complex, and hypercomplex cells combine to help us recognize objects. Simple cells respond to lines, complex cells to movement, and hypercomplex cells to specific sizes and orientations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Course of Experimental Psychology: Perception

  • Course offered by Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore in Milan
  • Instructor: Claudia Repetto

Table of Contents (TOC)

  • Perception: definition and functions
  • Localization: separation of objects
  • Localization: perceiving distance
  • Localization: perceiving motion
  • Recognition: global-to-local processing
  • Recognition: identifying objects
  • Perceptual constancies

How Raw Sensations are Translated into Perception

  • Images shown: a drawing of a skull and the words "I LOVE PARIS IN THE SPRINGTIME"
  • Raw sensations are processed to form a perception.

Physical Reality and Phenomenal Reality

  • Mimetism: the absence of a phenomenal object when a physical object is present
  • Anomalous figures: a phenomenon where what's absent physically is perceived
  • Optical illusions: discrepancies between physical and perceived objects

Absence of Phenomenal Object: Mimetism

  • Examples of images shown: a circle divided into sections, a triangle
  • These show how our perception can be different from physical reality.

Absence of Physical Object: Anomalous Figures

  • Kanizsa's triangle is an example.
  • The figure is perceived even if not physically present

Optical Illusions

  • Muller-Lyer illusion: lines appear different lengths even though they are the same length.

Psychophysical Chain

  • Distal Stimulus: the physical stimulus in reality. Example: an apple
  • Proximal Stimulus: the receptor's (like eyes or ears) response to the distal stimulus. Example: the image of the apple on the retina
  • Percept: the result at the cerebral level, the recognition of the phenomena. Example: perceiving the object and identifying it as an apple.

Five Functions of Perception

  • Attention: deciding which information to process
  • Localization: determining where an object is
  • Recognition: knowing what an object is
  • Abstraction: extracting key features of an object
  • Perceptual constancies: maintaining unchanged features of an object even when it appears different.

Localization: Perceiving Distance

  • The retina is two-dimensional, but we perceive a three-dimensional world.
  • Depth cues are used to determine distance.

Binocular Cues

  • Binocular disparity: the difference between two retinal images allows perception of distance.

Monocular Cues

  • Relative size: smaller objects seem further away
  • Interposition: one object blocking our view of a second suggests it is closer
  • Relative height: objects near the horizon seem further away
  • Perspective: parallel lines seem to converge as they recede
  • Shading and shadows: reveal object shapes, distance of objects relative to each other, and position of the light source
  • Motion parallax: the relative motion of objects depending on their distance from us.

Localization: Perceiving Motion

  • An object's motion is perceived when the retinal image moves relating to a background.
  • The image on the retina enlarges as an object moves towards us.
  • However, our perception isn't a constant flow of motion

See the Following Effects...

  • Induced motion: a stationary object appears to move when surrounding objects move
  • Stroboscopic motion: rapid succession of stationary images creates the illusion of continuous motion. Example: a flipbook
  • Autokinetic motion: a stationary object appears to move in a dark setting

Recognition: Global-to-Local Processing

  • The brain processes the whole scene, recognizing objects by using this global information .
  • Also, it uses details of specific objects

Recognition: Determining What an Object Is

  • Visual processing, starting with input from the retina, uses both bottom-up and top-down processes for identification
  • Bottom-up processing: identifying shapes by simple cells, complex cells, and hyper complex cells
  • Top-down processing: knowledge, context, and previous experience influence object recognition

Bottom-Up Processes (Recognition)

  • Biederman's recognition-by-components theory:
    • Objects break down into geons (geometric ions) like cylinders or cones. This gives us a basic understanding of the object's shape

Top-Down Processes (Recognition)

  • Perception is guided by previous experiences, context of information, expectations, and motivations.

Abstraction

  • We don't need to process all of an object's details to identify it
  • Abstraction helps to extract important features to do whatever task is required

Perceptual Constancies

  • The brain adapts to compensate for incomplete or inconsistent information.
  • Color Constancy: perceiving object color despite changes in illumination . Brightness constancy: perceiving object lightness despite changes in light source intensity
  • Shape constancy: perceiving the same shape despite changes in the retinal image
  • Size constancy: perceiving the same size despite changes in retinal image size.
  • Size constancy depends on depth cues. .

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Perception PDF - Course of Experimental Psychology

More Like This

Understanding Perception and Object Recognition
84 questions

Understanding Perception and Object Recognition

LikableBromine2959 avatar
LikableBromine2959
Object Recognition
67 questions

Object Recognition

BallerGiraffe0118 avatar
BallerGiraffe0118
Psychology Object Recognition Quiz
40 questions

Psychology Object Recognition Quiz

CheeryNeodymium6205 avatar
CheeryNeodymium6205
Perception and Object Recognition
40 questions

Perception and Object Recognition

SolidGeranium1264 avatar
SolidGeranium1264
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser