Perception and Attention Errors in Accidents

LBFS contributes to nearly 8% of all accidents in a UK sample of accident data in ________.

Some LBFS crashes are due to low 'sensory conspicuity,' which refers to low contrast with the ________.

Langham et al. (2002) investigated LBFS collisions with high conspicuity stationary police cars and found that 39% of reports driver did not ________.

Deployment of warning signs and cones did not guarantee ________ in LBFS accidents.

Data indicate that previous experience, also known as top-down processing, is crucial in these ________.

In the subsequent study by Langham et al. (2002), experienced drivers identified a slanted police car as a hazard faster than the ________ one.

Lower contrast items, such as pedestrians, are more difficult for the driver to ______

Bright areas in the field of view lower drivers’ overall ______ sensitivity

Pedestrians believe they can be seen x1.8 further than they really can, with a pedestrian in black overestimating by a factor of ______

Bio-motion characteristics are familiar to a driver, making pedestrian detection ______ for drivers

Gibson's ecological theory of perception focuses on the relationship between humans and their ______

Van Bommel and Tekelenburg (1986) looked at the detection of low-contrast pedestrians by drivers and suggested that bright areas in the field of view lower drivers’ overall contrast sensitivity and mean that lower-contrast items, such as pedestrians, are more difficult for the driver to ______

Participants in the study by Simons and Chabris were asked to count the number of passes made by the basketball teams, while a woman in a gorilla costume walked through the middle of the game to test ____________.

At lower contrast, only ____________ of players noticed the gorilla in the video clip study (incorrectly).

Participants watching the white team in the video clip study only noticed the gorilla ____________ of the time.

In the study, participants watching the black team saw the gorilla ____________ of the time.

According to Kahneman (1973), the issue with not noticing unexpected events like the gorilla was not a sensory problem but rather an issue with ____________.

SPACE-BASED ATTENTION is a method for filtering visual information and directing ____________.