Peptide Lego and Self-Assembly Structure
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Questions and Answers

What characteristic of peptide Lego allows it to form well-ordered nanostructures?

  • They are only soluble in organic solvents.
  • They are hydrophilic in nature.
  • They use complementary ionic bonds for self-assembly. (correct)
  • They consist entirely of nonpolar amino acids.
  • What is the significance of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces in peptide Lego?

  • They prevent intermolecular self-assembly.
  • They facilitate intermolecular self-assembly in aqueous solution. (correct)
  • They promote van der Waals interactions exclusively.
  • They increase the temperature stability of the structure.
  • What type of structure do peptide Lego molecules typically form in aqueous solutions?

  • Well-formed nanofibers. (correct)
  • Spherical micelles.
  • Crystalline arrays.
  • Irregular aggregates.
  • Which of the following describes the peptide Lego discovered from Z-DNA binding protein?

    <p>It includes a segment found in yeast.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary application of peptide scaffolds in biotechnology?

    <p>Creating 3-D cell culture environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do functional motifs play in the context of self-assembled peptide structures?

    <p>They provide biocompatibility to the structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do peptide Lego molecules utilize a beta-sheet structure during assembly?

    <p>It provides stability and orientation for further assembly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average pore size in nanofiber scaffolds formed by peptide Lego?

    <p>5-200 nm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is PuraMatrix primarily known for?

    <p>Its purity as a molecular designer biological scaffold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary application of peptide scaffolds?

    <p>3-D cell culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the pore size of peptide scaffolds?

    <p>The pore size is 5-200 nm, suitable for biomolecular diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature of peptide scaffolds contributes to their capability for slow drug release?

    <p>High water content and small pore size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between RADA16-I and traditional polymer scaffolds?

    <p>Traditional polymer scaffolds have a much larger fiber diameter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes lipid-like self-assembling peptides?

    <p>They have hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do peptide scaffolds have on nutrient diffusion?

    <p>They enable slow diffusion of nutrients and growth factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the length and structure of the model peptides such as RAD16-I?

    <p>5 nm with an alternating arrangement of charged amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to elastin-like proteins (ELPs) when apoCaM binds to Ca2+?

    <p>They assemble into meso–microscale particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does EDTA play in the context of apoCaM and ELPs?

    <p>It chelates the bound Ca2+, reversing the transition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacteria exhibited selective binding to Man-AuNPs?

    <p>The wild-type E. coli strain ORN178.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the color change of lactose gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) indicate?

    <p>Aggregation and dispersion due to chemical interaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested by the term 'glyconanoparticle'?

    <p>Nanoparticles that selectively bind to carbohydrates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about the mutant strain ORN208 in relation to Man-AuNPs?

    <p>It exhibits no binding activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the RCA120 lectin influence lactose gold nanoparticles?

    <p>It induces aggregation followed by dispersion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable characteristic of the ELPs when combined with CaM?

    <p>Their assembly depends on Ca2+ binding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of using protein nanopore sensors for DNA sequencing?

    <p>They allow label-free detection of ss-DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of biomimetic assembly, what is the role of complementary proteins?

    <p>To facilitate the selective immobilization of nanowires.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What external factors can trigger the changes in stimulus responsive nanomaterials?

    <p>pH, ionic strength, temperature, electric/magnetic fields, and photon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do peptides act as actuators in stimulus responsive materials?

    <p>By altering spacing or volume through conformational changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of geometry is achieved using biomimetic assembly with antibody nanotubes?

    <p>Cross-bar geometry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of the nansensors developed from protein nanopores?

    <p>They detect current decay during ss-DNA translocation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of optimizing protein concentrations in the biomimetic assembly process?

    <p>To fabricate complex electric device geometries with high yields.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'peptide actuator' refer to in the context of responsive nanomaterials?

    <p>Peptides that induce swelling or shrinking in nanomaterial structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary application of glyco-QDs in cell biology?

    <p>To analyze carbohydrate receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do β-N-acetylglucosamine-encapsulated QDs concentrate at the sperm heads?

    <p>They interact specifically with GlcNAc receptors near the sperm heads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic distribution pattern of mannose-encapsulated QDs on sperm?

    <p>Spread over the entire sperm body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique is specifically mentioned for determining thermodynamic parameters of interactions in solution?

    <p>Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of glyconanoparticles, what is a key focus of the studies mentioned?

    <p>Studying carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Lin’s technique mentioned in the content?

    <p>For capturing target proteins and mapping binding epitopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following QDs is associated with selective labeling on sea-urchin sperm heads?

    <p>β-N-acetylglucosamine-encapsulated QDs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Glyco-QDs' refer to in the context provided?

    <p>Quantum dots associated with carbohydrate molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Peptide Lego

    • Molecular-designed 'peptide Lego' can self-assemble into well-formed nanostructures
    • First peptide lego was discovered from a segment in a left-handed Z-DNA binding protein in yeast and called Zuotin
    • In aqueous solution, these peptides form beta-sheet structures with distinct hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces
    • The hydrophobic sides shield themselves from water, facilitating intermolecular self-assembly
    • These peptides form complementary ionic bonds with regular repeats on the hydrophilic surface

    Self-assembly

    • Peptide of 16 amino acids, alternating polar/nonpolar, form stable β-strands and β-sheets
    • They create nanofibers through hydrophobicity, leading to matrices with high water content
    • By adjusting the peptide sequence, different fiber sizes and pore sizes can be achieved
    • Functional motifs can be integrated during the self-assembly process

    Peptide Scaffolds - 3-D Cell Culture

    • Peptide Lego molecules self-assemble into well-ordered nanofibers and form scaffolds with nanopores ranging from 5-200 nm
    • RADA16-I, also known as PuraMatrix, is a widely used and commercialized peptide scaffold
    • These scaffolds resemble the structure of extracellular matrices and facilitate cell growth, migration, and nutrient diffusion
    • They are ideal for 3-D cell culture, controlled cell differentiation, regenerative medicine, and slow drug release applications

    Lipid-like Self-assembling Peptides

    • These peptides have hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads, self-assembling in water
    • They have potential for use as protein nanopore sensors, enabling label-free sequence-specific DNA detection
    • This technology holds promise for developing economical DNA sequencing devices

    Biomimetic Assembly - Multiple Nanowire

    • Biomimetic assembly allows for the selective immobilization of multiple nanowires with different antibodies on specific locations within electrical substrates
    • This method can fabricate complex electric device geometries with high yields
    • This technology has demonstrated the assembly of two antibody nanotubes into a cross-bar geometry using biomolecular recognition

    Peptide and Protein Based Stimulus Responsive Materials

    • Stimulus responsive nanomaterials undergo changes with external stimuli like pH, ionic strength, temperature, fields, and photons
    • Peptides are used as actuators, altering the spacing or volume of nanomaterials through conformational changes
    • One example uses elastin-like protein (ELP) fused with calmodulin (CaM) to generate responsive actuators
    • Ca2+ binding causes ELP assembly into particles, while EDTA chelation reverses the process and produces monomers

    Glyco-Nanotechnology

    • Glyconanoparticles use carbohydrate molecules to create functional nanomaterials
    • These particles have potential for use in drug delivery, diagnostics, and bioimaging
    • Glyconanoparticles can exhibit selective binding to specific cells or tissues based on their carbohydrate ligands

    Applications of Glyconanoparticles

    • Mannose-AuNPs have demonstrated selective binding to the wild-type E.coli strain ORN178 but not to the mutant ORN208
    • This technology can be used to create reversible aggregation/dispersion behavior of nanoparticles through lectin and sugar interactions
    • Glyco-QDs can be utilized in cell biology research for analyzing carbohydrate receptors

    Glyco-QDs

    • Glyco-QDs are applied in cell biology for analyzing carbohydrate receptors
    • They can be used for selective labeling of specific cells or tissues
    • For example, acetylglucosamine-encapsulated QDs concentrate on sperm heads, while mannose-encapsulated QDs distribute across the whole sperm body

    Glyconanoparticles for studying carbohydrate–carbohydrate Interactions

    • Glyconanoparticles are used in isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) to determine thermodynamic parameters of interactions in solution
    • This allows for studying the interactions between various carbohydrate molecules
    • This approach offers significant insight into the complex interactions within biological systems

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    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of peptide Lego and their ability to self-assemble into nanostructures. This quiz covers the molecular design, characteristics of β-strands and β-sheets, and the implications of peptide scaffolds in 3-D cell culture. Test your knowledge of these innovative materials and their applications in bioengineering.

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