Podcast
Questions and Answers
What could be a consequence of accidental injection into an artery?
What could be a consequence of accidental injection into an artery?
- Infection at the injection site
- Skin irritation
- Gangrene or tissue necrosis (correct)
- Nerve damage
Clients with a history of PCN allergy should particularly avoid which type of medication due to cross-sensitivity?
Clients with a history of PCN allergy should particularly avoid which type of medication due to cross-sensitivity?
- Cephalosporins (correct)
- Macrolides
- Aminoglycosides
- Tetracyclines
Which anticonvulsant effect may occur due to neurotoxicity from PCNs?
Which anticonvulsant effect may occur due to neurotoxicity from PCNs?
- Increased appetite
- Hallucinations (correct)
- Fatigue
- Nausea
What is a consideration for clients on sodium-restricted diets when using Sodium PCN G?
What is a consideration for clients on sodium-restricted diets when using Sodium PCN G?
How frequently is the recommended dosing interval for adults taking PCN G?
How frequently is the recommended dosing interval for adults taking PCN G?
Which laboratory test should be monitored to assess renal function in clients using PCNs?
Which laboratory test should be monitored to assess renal function in clients using PCNs?
What should clients be instructed about regarding the full course of PCN treatment?
What should clients be instructed about regarding the full course of PCN treatment?
What is the reason concurrent use of bacteriostatic agents should be avoided with PCNs?
What is the reason concurrent use of bacteriostatic agents should be avoided with PCNs?
Which type of bacteria is penicillin G primarily active against?
Which type of bacteria is penicillin G primarily active against?
What is the primary mechanism of action for penicillin G?
What is the primary mechanism of action for penicillin G?
For which infection is penicillin G NOT considered the drug of choice?
For which infection is penicillin G NOT considered the drug of choice?
Which of the following uses of penicillin G involves prophylactic treatment?
Which of the following uses of penicillin G involves prophylactic treatment?
What is a common side effect associated with the administration of penicillin G?
What is a common side effect associated with the administration of penicillin G?
Which statement about penicillin G is true?
Which statement about penicillin G is true?
What is true about the effectiveness of penicillin G?
What is true about the effectiveness of penicillin G?
What is one of the unique features of penicillin G?
What is one of the unique features of penicillin G?
Flashcards
What is Penicillin G (PCN G)?
What is Penicillin G (PCN G)?
Penicillin G (PCN G) is a narrow-spectrum antibiotic effective against many gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative cocci, anaerobic bacteria, and spirochetes.
When is PCN G the preferred treatment?
When is PCN G the preferred treatment?
PCN G is the first choice for treating infections caused by sensitive gram-positive cocci.
How does PCN G work?
How does PCN G work?
PCN G weakens the bacterial cell wall, causing the bacteria to take up excess water and rupture. This process involves inhibiting bacterial transpeptidases and activating autolysins.
What infections are treated with PCN G?
What infections are treated with PCN G?
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What other infections can PCN G treat?
What other infections can PCN G treat?
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Which condition is PCN G used for?
Which condition is PCN G used for?
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Why is PCN G not always the primary treatment for gonorrhea?
Why is PCN G not always the primary treatment for gonorrhea?
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What role does PCN G play in treating syphilis?
What role does PCN G play in treating syphilis?
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What are the risks of accidental injection with penicillin?
What are the risks of accidental injection with penicillin?
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What is a significant allergy concern with penicillin?
What is a significant allergy concern with penicillin?
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What is the relationship between penicillin and cephalosporin allergies?
What is the relationship between penicillin and cephalosporin allergies?
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What are the different forms of Penicillin G (PCN G) and how do they differ?
What are the different forms of Penicillin G (PCN G) and how do they differ?
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Why should penicillin not be combined with bacteriostatic agents?
Why should penicillin not be combined with bacteriostatic agents?
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How can penicillin be administered?
How can penicillin be administered?
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Why is it important to complete the full course of penicillin treatment?
Why is it important to complete the full course of penicillin treatment?
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How does renal function affect penicillin dosing?
How does renal function affect penicillin dosing?
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Study Notes
Penicillin G (Benzylpenicillin) Overview
- Category: Narrow-spectrum penicillin
- Primary Function: Active against gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative cocci, anaerobic bacteria, and spirochetes. First-line treatment for gram-positive cocci infections.
- Unique Features: First available penicillin, remains a drug of choice for many infections.
Mechanism of Action
- Weaken bacterial cell wall, leading to excessive water uptake and rupture.
- Achieved via inhibition of transpeptidases and disinhibition of autolysins, resulting in cell lysis and death.
- Effective only against bacteria undergoing growth and division.
Indications and Therapeutic Uses
- Gram-Positive Cocci Infections: Treatment of infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes (pharyngitis), and Streptococcus viridans (infectious endocarditis).
- Gram-Positive Bacilli Infections: Preferred for infections like gas gangrene, tetanus, and anthrax.
- Meningitis: Effective against N. meningitidis
- Gonorrhea: Effective against non-penicillinase producing strains of N. gonorrhoeae.
- Syphilis: Treatment for T. pallidum and prevention in exposed partners.
- Rheumatic Fever: Prophylaxis and treatment of recurrent rheumatic fever.
- Bacterial Endocarditis: Used in prophylaxis for individuals with prosthetic heart valves, congenital heart disease, acquired valvular heart disease, mitral valve prolapse, and those with a history of bacterial endocarditis.
Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
- Hypersensitivity: Most concerning adverse reaction.
- Injection Site Reaction: Pain at injection site; risk of gangrene or tissue necrosis with arterial injection; peripheral nerve dysfunction with accidental nerve injection.
- Neurotoxicity: Seizures, confusion, or hallucinations with toxicity.
Precautions and Contraindications
- Penicillin Allergy: Consider clients with a penicillin allergy allergic to all penicillin agents.
- Cross-sensitivity to Cephalosporins: Risk of low (1%) cross-sensitivity to cephalosporins, particularly in those with severe/immediate (anaphylactic) immune responses.
- Sodium Restriction: Use sodium-containing penicillin (e.g., sodium PCN G) with caution in clients with sodium-restricted diets.
Drug Interactions
- Concurrent use of bacteriostatic agents (e.g., tetracyclines) may reduce penicillin's bactericidal effects and should be avoided.
Dosing, Administration, & Client Teaching
- Dosing: Varies based on condition, severity, and client response; check drug dosing guidelines.
- Administration: Intravenous (IV) or intramuscular (IM) administration; different salts affect absorption rate.
- Client Education: Emphasize completing the full course of treatment. Educate clients regarding potential side effects and monitoring parameters, and when to report to a healthcare provider.
Labs to Monitor
- Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP): Monitor renal function (BUN/Creatinine, Creatine Clearance) as renal impairment dramatically increases PCN half-life and may necessitate dosage reduction.
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Description
This quiz provides an overview of Penicillin G, including its classification as a narrow-spectrum penicillin and its mechanism of action against bacterial infections. It covers therapeutic uses primarily against gram-positive bacteria, detailing its effectiveness and the conditions treated. Test your knowledge on this essential antibiotic!
