Penicillin and Cephalosporin

A natural antibacterial agent obtained from the mold genus ______, was introduced to the military during World War II.

Penicillin G is primarily ______.

The enzymes that attack penicillins are called ______.

Mutant strains of Staphylococcus that were resistant to penicillins G and V have developed because of the bacterial enzyme ______.

[Blank] are penicillins that are unaffected by food.

Penicillin ______ was the first penicillin administered orally and by injection.

To extend the activity of Penicillin, ______ penicillin (milky color), was produced to extend the activity of the drug.

Two thirds (2/3) of the oral dose of Penicillin V are absorbed by the ______ tract.

[Blank] VK is a basic ______.

[Blank] are used to treat both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

Amoxicillin is the most prescribed Penicillin derivative for adults and ______.

[Blank] is an oral preparation of penicillinase-resistant penicillins.

When a broad-spectrum antibiotic such as amoxicillin is combined with a beta-lactamase enzyme inhibitor such as ______ acid, the resulting antibiotic combination inhibits the bacterial betalactamases.

[Blank] are a group of broad-spectrum antibiotics effective against P. aeruginosa, a gram-negative bacillus that is difficult to eradicate.

The pharmacologic action of antipseudomonal penicillin drug is similar to that of ______, but they are less toxic.

[Blank] is well absorbed from the GI tract, whereas dicloxacillin is only partially absorbed.

[Blank] may be produced with or without clavulanic acid, an agent that prevents the breakdown of amoxicillin by decreasing resistance to the antibacterial drug.

[Blank] are used to treat middle ear infections, pneumonia, meningitis, UTIs, and syphilis.

The primary therapeutic outcome expected from ______ therapy is elimination of bacterial infection.

[Blank] cause diarrhea by altering the bacterial flora of the GI tract.

Patients receiving ______ in combination with penicillins are more susceptible to toxicity because it inhibits renal excretion of the penicillins.

Excessive use of ______ may diminish the absorption of oral penicillins.

[Blank] may interfere with the activity of oral contraceptives.

Patients who are allergic to ______ could also be allergic to a cephalosporin product.

The patient who is hypersensitive to ______ should not take any type of penicillin products because severe allergic reaction could occur.

Do not mix ______ with a high-dose or extended-spectrum penicillin G because this combination may inactivate the aminoglycoside.

Teach patients to always take the entire prescribed ______ product, such as amoxicillin, until the bottle is empty.

In 1948, a fungus called Emericellopsis minimum was discovered in seawater at a sewer outlet off the coast of ______.

The fungus Emericellopsis minimum was found to be active against gram-______ and gram-______ bacteria.

Like penicillin, the ______ have a beta-lactam structure and act by inhibiting the bacterial enzyme necessary for cell-wall synthesis.

[Blank] are a major antibiotic group used in hospitals and in health care offices.

[Blank] generation cephalosporins drugs are effective against most gram-positive bacteria and are destroyed by beta-lactamases.

[Blank] generation cephalosporins drugs are effective against gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria.

[Blank] generation of cephalosporins drugs are resistant to beta-lactamases.

[Blank] generation cephalosporin has broad-spectrum activity, is highly resistant to beta-lactamases, and has good penetration to cerebrospinal fluid.

[Blank] generation cephalosporins drugs are broad-spectrum drugs effective against MRSA.

Cefazolin is administered IM and IV, and ______ is given orally.

[Blank] and cefaclor inhibit bacterial cell-wall synthesis and produce a bactericidal action.

A potential alternative to penicillins is ______ may be used with caution as when patients are allergic to the penicillins unless they are also allergic to the cephalosporins.

Cephalosporins cause ______ by altering the bacterial flora of the GI tract.