Podcast
Questions and Answers
The pectoral girdle consists of 2 bones: clavicle anteriorly and ______ posteriorly.
The pectoral girdle consists of 2 bones: clavicle anteriorly and ______ posteriorly.
scapula
The proximal end of the ______ has a hemispherical head fitting into the glenoid cavity.
The proximal end of the ______ has a hemispherical head fitting into the glenoid cavity.
humerus
The ______ lies laterally in the anatomical position and articulates with the humerus at its proximal end.
The ______ lies laterally in the anatomical position and articulates with the humerus at its proximal end.
radius
The ______ is known as the 'collar' bone, with medial ends that attach to the manubrium.
The ______ is known as the 'collar' bone, with medial ends that attach to the manubrium.
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Each finger has 3 ______, but the thumb only has two.
Each finger has 3 ______, but the thumb only has two.
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The ______ girdle serves as the attachment site of lower limbs to the axial skeleton.
The ______ girdle serves as the attachment site of lower limbs to the axial skeleton.
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The ______ is the largest, thickest, and strongest bone in the body.
The ______ is the largest, thickest, and strongest bone in the body.
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The ______ is a triangular, sesamoid bone that protects the kneecap.
The ______ is a triangular, sesamoid bone that protects the kneecap.
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The ______ receives weight from the femur and is the tallest of the two leg bones.
The ______ receives weight from the femur and is the tallest of the two leg bones.
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The ______ connects with the ankle joint and is the non-weight-bearing bone of the lower leg.
The ______ connects with the ankle joint and is the non-weight-bearing bone of the lower leg.
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Study Notes
Pelvic Girdle
- Responsible for attaching the lower limbs to the axial skeleton
- Transfers weight from the upper body to the lower limbs
- Supports organs in the pelvic cavity
- Connected via the strongest ligaments in the body
- Forms the acetabulum, a deep hemisphere socket that articulates with the thigh bone (femur)
- Acetabulum: is formed when the 3 bones of the pelvic girdle fuse
Os Coxae
- Consists of three bones: ilium, ischium, and pubis
- Ilium: Thickened superior margins called iliac crests. Spines act as attachment points for muscles in the trunk, hip, and thigh.
- Ischium:
- Pubis: Two bones joining at the pubic symphysis. Narrower in males, broader in females.
Femur
- The largest, thickest, and strongest bone in the body
- It has a ball-like head that attaches to the acetabulum
- The proximal end articulates with the hip
- The distal end (lateral and medial condyles) articulates with the tibia
Patella
- A triangular, sesamoid bone that protects the kneecap
- Assists with the quadriceps muscles in bending and straightening the leg
- Susceptible to dislocation
Tibia
- Referred to as the "shin bone"
- Receives weight from the femur
- Is the taller of the two bones in the lower leg
- The medial malleolus connects with the ankle joint
Fibula
- Referred to as the "calf bone"
- Doesn't bear weight
- Shorter than the tibia
- The lateral malleolus connects with the ankle joint
Foot
- Composed of three sections: Tarsus, Metatarsus, and Phalanges
-
Tarsus: Includes seven tarsal bones:
- Calcaneus: Forms the heel
- Talus: Articulates with the tibia and fibula
- Metatarsus: Five small, long bones called metatarsals
-
Phalanges: 14 bones making up the toes
- Three bones per phalange, except for the hallux (big toe) which has only two.
Pectoral Girdle
- Consists of two bones: the clavicle (anteriorly) and scapula (posteriorly)
- Provides attachment points for muscles that connect the scapula to the thorax and vertebral column
- Allows for the attachment of the upper limbs
- Demonstrates light weight, high flexibility, and mobility, unlike other areas of the body.
Clavicle
- Known as the "collar bone"
- The medial, sternal end is cone-shaped and attaches to the manubrium
- The lateral, acromial end is flattened and attaches to the acromion of the scapula.
Scapula
- Referred to as the shoulder blades
- Has three borders
- The glenoid cavity articulates with the humerus
- The acromion articulates with the clavicle
- Serves as an attachment point for numerous muscles, contributing to the formation of the shoulder joint
- Secures the upper limbs to the trunk
Humerus
- The proximal end has a hemispherical head that fits into the glenoid cavity
- The distal end has two condyles:
- Medial trochlea: Shaped like a pulley
- Lateral capitulum: Ball-shaped, articulates with the radius (proximal end)
- Lies laterally (thumb side) in anatomical position
Radius
- Lies laterally (thumb side) in anatomical position
- The proximal end articulates with the humerus
- The distal end articulates with the carpal bones
- Articulates with the ulna at the radio-ulnar joint
Ulna
- Lies medially (pinky side) in anatomical position
- Forms a joint with the humerus at the distal ends
- The distal ends form joints with the wrist
Carpus
- Referred to as the wrist
- Composed of eight small, short bones called carpals
Metacarpus
- Referred to as the palm
- Composed of five long bones, numbered 1-5 (thumb to little finger)
Phalanges
- Referred to as the fingers
- Composed of long bones, numbered 1-5 (thumb to little finger)
- Each finger has three phalanges, except for the thumb (pollex), which only has two.
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Description
This quiz covers key anatomical features of the pelvic girdle, including the os coxae structure and the relationship with the femur and patella. Test your knowledge on the components and functions of this critical part of the human skeleton. Understand the importance of weight transfer and muscle attachment in locomotion.
