Pedro Arrupe's Address to Jesuit Alumni

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Questions and Answers

What was Pedro Arrupe's position in the Society of Jesus during his address in 1973?

  • Director of Education
  • President
  • Superior General (correct)
  • Archbishop

Pedro Arrupe believed that Jesuit schools previously educated their students adequately for promoting justice.

False (B)

According to Pedro Arrupe, what is the paramount objective of Jesuit education?

Formation of men for others

Arrupe emphasized that love of God must include love for the __________.

<p>least of their neighbors</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phrase best describes the type of education advocated by Pedro Arrupe?

<p>Education for social change (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following key concepts with their descriptions:

<p>Men for others = Individuals who serve others selflessly Promotion of justice = Advocating for the rights of the oppressed Christian witness = Living according to the principles of Christianity Evangelical principles = Ethical guidelines rooted in Christian teachings</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Church has been disengaged from the mission of educating for justice.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Arrupe mean by 'love, which is his definitive and all-embracing dimension'?

<p>It signifies that love gives meaning to all other aspects of a person's life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be the primary focus of agents of change according to the content?

<p>Reducing privilege in favor of the underprivileged (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Everyone belongs to the privileged few in society.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who must be the principal agents of change according to the content?

<p>The oppressed</p> Signup and view all the answers

The role of the privileged is to assist the __________ in the struggle for justice.

<p>oppressed</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

<p>Agents of Change = Individuals who actively reform unjust structures Men-for-Others = Individuals who prioritize serving others Spiritual Man = A person filled with the Spirit of Christ Jesuit Education = Education aimed at forming men-for-others</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is highlighted as a necessary action in the struggle for justice?

<p>Cooperation among alumni (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The content states that the truly poor should be the basic point of reference for social change.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the paramount objective of Jesuit education as described in the content?

<p>To form men-for-others</p> Signup and view all the answers

Saint Paul refers to the truly human being as the __________ man.

<p>spiritual</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is cited as challenging to change for justice?

<p>Unjust structures and arrangements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Synod emphasize as a constitutive dimension of the Church’s mission?

<p>Action for justice and liberation from oppression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Church's mission exclusively focuses on spiritual matters and does not concern social justice.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Christians commanded to love according to Jesus?

<p>God and their neighbor</p> Signup and view all the answers

The violation of justice implies a rupture of the ________ with God.

<p>Alliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following aspects of the Church's mission with their corresponding themes:

<p>Justice among men = Social justice Love of God = Spiritual devotion Personal conversion = Individual transformation Liberation of the oppressed = Social action</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements reflects the dichotomies noted within the Church?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Inclusion in God's Kingdom is independent of one’s attitude towards the poor.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used in theological language to describe the inclination towards evil?

<p>Concupiscence</p> Signup and view all the answers

The first commandment fused with the second creates a compendium of the _______.

<p>Law</p> Signup and view all the answers

What attitude should Christians adopt towards all men?

<p>Respect for their dignity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Love and justice are separate concepts within Christian teaching.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between justice and charity in practice?

<p>They are identical.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The furthering of _______ is a constitutive element of the Church's mission.

<p>justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following biblical references with their themes:

<p>Isaiah 58:1-2 = God's will for justice Last Judgment = Attitude towards the marginalized Blessed are the poor = Kingdom of heaven Good News to the poor = Jesus' mission</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Christ seek to do beyond freeing us from sin?

<p>Win back our whole selves for God. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Personal conversion alone is sufficient for true societal reform.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to refer to the consequences of sin in society?

<p>the world</p> Signup and view all the answers

God's grace calls us to win back our whole ____ for God.

<p>world</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the struggle for justice relate to love for God?

<p>Refusing to battle for justice implies a refusal to love. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Partial successes in efforts for justice imply that such efforts are worthless.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for addressing injustices in society according to the text?

<p>technologies as instruments of analysis and action</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Christian ____ must utilize imperfect tools like technology while putting them in their proper context.

<p>ethos</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of education is emphasized as crucial for advancing justice?

<p>Spiritual formation and conversion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Continuing education should only focus on updating technical knowledge.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should alumni associations focus on according to the content?

<p>Continuing education for justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

Men for ____ will have a significant role in the modern Church.

<p>Others</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for a proper understanding of justice as per the content?

<p>Relativizing technologies and ideologies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Justice is seen as a temporary battle with no lasting impact.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is described as the final and all-encompassing dimension of a man?

<p>Love (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A man who lives for himself tends to dehumanize others and himself.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What notion does the phrase 'man-for-others' signify?

<p>A person dedicated to serving and loving others rather than focusing solely on their own interests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Egoism translates into social structures that can be termed as __________.

<p>sin objectified</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the central focus of Jesuit education as discussed in the content?

<p>Education for justice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Ignatian spirit encourages pride in one's insight and intelligence.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'indifference' refer to in the context of the Ignatian spirit?

<p>Lack of differentiation except for God's will</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of pursuing excessive ambition according to the content?

<p>Dehumanization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Saint Paul encourages opposing evil with evil.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Synod of Bishops of 1971 focused on '_________ in the World.'

<p>Justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the suggested attitudes to counteract the spiral of luxurious living?

<p>Live more simply.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the statements with their corresponding concepts in Jesuit education:

<p>Education for justice = Preparatory foundation for future actions Openness to change = Readiness to adapt Spiritual Exercises = Method for discerning God's will Indifference = Flexibility in options aligned with God</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a consumer society, individuals should resist the urge to acquire everything their ________ have.

<p>friends</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the type of person Jesuit education seeks to form?

<p>One who is adaptable to signs of the times (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of egoism in societal structures?

<p>Dehumanization of individuals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Second Vatican Council did not address the issue of justice.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The principle of justice through love is seen as unattainable in an unjust world.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event in 1971 contributed significantly to the understanding of justice in the world?

<p>The Synod of Bishops of 1971</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what should be actively replaced in society to sow justice?

<p>Self-interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ________ from the Church involves adopting attitudes for aiding oppressed humanity.

<p>call</p> Signup and view all the answers

By striving to have more than others, individuals turn their lives into a competitive ________.

<p>rat-race</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statements with their dates or events:

<p>Second Vatican Council = 1965 Synod of Bishops = 1971 Populorum Progressio = 1967 Latin American Bishops at Medellin = 1968</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for Jesuit education in the future?

<p>Align education with the demands of justice (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should surplus income from simplified living be used for?

<p>Donated to those in need (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their related concepts:

<p>Egoism = Denial of love Dehumanization = Objectification of individuals Justice = Love as a societal driving force Consumer society = Emphasis on material possessions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Jesuit education has been completely successful without any need for improvement.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hoped outcome of Jesuit education in relation to God?

<p>To listen to the living God and respond to His call</p> Signup and view all the answers

The spirit of seeking the will of God enables individuals to have a ________ potential.

<p>multi-faceted</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following concepts demonstrates the need for conversion in Jesuit education?

<p>Willingness to learn and grow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Jesuit Education's Goal

To cultivate individuals who prioritize serving others and promoting social justice—a 'man for others' deeply committed to love.

Church's Focus on Justice

The Church now recognizes social justice and liberation of the oppressed are fundamental components of its mission.

Education for Justice

A type of education that emphasizes social responsibility and the pursuit of fairness and equality for all individuals.

Past Jesuit Education Deficiencies

Previous Jesuit educational approaches may not have adequately prepared students for participation in justice and social change efforts.

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Men for Others

Individuals who live for others as opposed to pursuing self-interest. This is a key educational goal.

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Social Justice in Education

Focus in education on themes of social equity and fairness for all, as mandated by the church.

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Church's Mission

The Church's responsibility to promote justice, advocate for the oppressed, and engage in social change.

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Love and Justice

Love for God, without justice, is meaningless. True love always involves social justice.

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Jesuit education's shortcomings

Jesuit schools have not sufficiently prepared students for justice action and witness.

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Ignatian spirit

A spirit of seeking God's will, recognizing Christ's call, and adapting to changing times.

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Seeking God's will

A constant process of recognizing God's guidance in various situations.

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Spiritual Exercises

A method by St. Ignatius to make concrete decisions aligning with God's will.

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Signs of the times

Current events and social trends.

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Justice

Fairness and righteousness in action; addressing societal issues.

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Justice in the world

Addressing societal injustices.

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Synod of Bishops of 1971

A gathering of bishops to discuss justice in the world.

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Populorum Progressio

A significant document with an emphasis on social justice.

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Second Vatican Council

A significant Church council shaping modern Catholic thought.

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Octogesima adveniens

A strong call to action for justice in 1971 (Pope Paul VI).

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Conversion

A change in heart and action; transformation.

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Gospel

Teachings and message of Jesus.

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Human enterprise

Activities and endeavors done by people.

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Sin's Effects Beyond Conversion

Sin's influence extends beyond a person's core beliefs and actions, affecting their overall life, often unconsciously.

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Christ's Transformative Work

Jesus' mission was to free us from sin and its consequences, not just at the core of our being but in all aspects of our lives.

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Conversion & Social Reform

Personal conversion extends to structural reform. Transforming our inner lives should lead to transforming our institutions and social systems.

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Structures of Sin

Social systems and institutions built on injustice embody the lasting effects of sin, perpetuating inequality and encouraging further sin.

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The 'World' as Sin

St. John uses 'world' to describe the social realm where sin manifests, similar to 'concupiscence' in the personal sphere.

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Social Asceticism

Spiritual discipline focused on purifying not just our inner lives but also the social structures and injustices surrounding us.

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Personal & Social Conversion

Winning back our whole selves for God requires winning back our whole world for God. We cannot separate personal transformation from working for social justice.

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The Ongoing Struggle for Justice

The fight for justice is a continuous process that will never end completely in this life, but it is still crucial and rewarding work.

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Partial Successes in Justice

God's grace can produce partial successes, even if our efforts for justice don't achieve a complete victory.

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The Persecution of Justice Seekers

Those who fight for justice will face opposition from the 'world' as they challenge the status quo and its injustices.

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The Triumph of the Crucified

Those who suffer for justice are blessed, just as Jesus was, and their actions will ultimately bring goodness and healing to the world.

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Technology in Justice

Technology is a tool for understanding and combating injustice, but alone it's insufficient. A Christian ethos must guide its use and address its limitations.

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Christian Ethos in the World

A Christian worldview shapes the use of technology and ideologies. It provides ethical guidance for tackling injustice and avoids creating new forms of oppression.

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Continuing Education for Justice

Continuing education should go beyond skill updates. It should be a process of conversion, equipping individuals for justice work by reflecting on the signs of the times.

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The Man for Others

The Church and the world need men and women who prioritize serving others and live lives dedicated to justice and love.

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Egoism

A selfish way of life centered on self-interest and the pursuit of personal gain, often at the expense of others.

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Dehumanization

Treating people as objects or commodities, stripping them of their inherent dignity and worth.

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Sin Objectified

When societal structures and institutions perpetuate egoism and injustice, making them seem normal and unavoidable.

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Overcome Evil with Good

To respond to evil with acts of love, generosity, and compassion, instead of retaliating with hatred or violence.

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Living Simply

A conscious effort to live with less material possessions and prioritize needs over wants, challenging consumerism.

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Unjust Profit

Making money from sources that exploit others or contribute to injustice.

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Justice Through Love

A way of life where love for others becomes the driving force for promoting fairness and equality, challenging egoism.

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Spiral of Luxurious Living

A cycle driven by consumerism and social competition, where individuals feel pressured to acquire more and more material possessions, often at the expense of others.

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Consumer Society

A society where people are encouraged to constantly buy and consume goods and services, often driven by advertising and marketing.

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Surplus Income

Money left over after covering basic needs and expenses which can be shared with those in need.

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Benefits of an Economic System

The advantages and rewards gained from participating in a particular economic system, often distributed unequally.

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Cost of Production

The expenses and resources required to produce goods and services, often borne disproportionately by the poor.

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Privilege Reduction

The act of actively working to reduce advantages and opportunities held by the privileged in favor of the underprivileged.

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Agents of Change

Individuals who actively participate in transforming unjust societal structures and systems.

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Unjust Structures

Social systems and institutions built on inequality and exploitation, perpetuating the cycle of poverty.

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The Role of the Privileged

Those with advantages have a responsibility to assist the oppressed in changing unjust systems and structures.

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Church's Mission & Justice

The Church's core mission involves promoting justice and liberating the oppressed, making it an essential part of spreading the Gospel.

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Justice vs. God's Justice

Debates within the Church arise about where to prioritize - ensuring justice among people or emphasizing justice before God.

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Love of God vs. Neighbor

The Church considers love for God and love for neighbor to be intrinsically linked and inseparable.

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Charity vs. Justice

True love requires both charity (acts of kindness) and justice (fairness and equality) to be meaningful and complete.

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Personal Conversion & Social Reform

Personal transformation leads to social change; changing ourselves internally should prompt us to fight for justice in the world.

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Sin's Influence

Sin is not just personal action; it permeates our habits, environment, and even our thoughts, affecting us beyond our conscious choices.

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Christ's Identification with the Poor

Jesus identifies himself with the poor and downtrodden, making helping them a way of serving him.

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Kingdom & Attitude towards the Poor

Inclusion in God's Kingdom depends on how we treat the poor and oppressed, reflecting our true love and commitment.

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Respecting Human Dignity

Justice demands respect for all people, regardless of their circumstances, preventing us from exploiting or dehumanizing them.

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Privilege & Oppression

Even passively benefiting from unjust systems is equivalent to contributing to oppression, making it crucial to fight for change.

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Counteracting Injustice

We must actively oppose injustice, not just refuse to participate in it, working for a fair and just world for all.

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Concupiscence & Sin

Concupiscence is our natural inclination to sin, influenced by our personal history and the societal ills we inherit.

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Conversion & Inner Change

Conversion goes beyond outward actions; it involves a deep inner transformation, turning towards God and loving our neighbor.

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World as Sin

The social realm, the 'world', is also affected by sin, creating structures of inequality and perpetuating injustices.

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Study Notes

Pedro Arrupe's Address to Jesuit Alumni

  • Arrupe addressed the 10th International Congress of Jesuit Alumni of Europe in Valencia, Spain on July 31, 1973.

Education for Social Change

  • The Church has a new focus on justice and liberation of the oppressed.
  • Jesuit education's primary goal is to shape "men-for-others"—individuals dedicated to God, Christ, and the needs of others.
  • True love of God necessitates love for one's neighbors and promotes social justice.

Deficiencies in Past Jesuit Education

  • Past Jesuit education failed to adequately prepare graduates for the demands of modern social justice.
  • Jesuit educators acknowledge this deficiency sincerely and humbly.
  • Improvement is crucial to match the world's growing demands for justice.

Jesuit Adaptability

  • Jesuit education, rooted in Ignatius's spirit, is adaptable and responsive to evolving needs.
  • The desire to seek God’s will and remain open to change allows for a multifaceted potential in Jesuit graduates.
  • Historical limitations do not imply a complete failure but signify an ongoing process.

What kind of Justice?

  • The Church, inspired by the 1971 Synod of Bishops, is actively seeking to address injustices globally.

  • The Synods call for action to support those suffering injustice.

  • This call isn't solely about doctrine or abstract theory but rather a vital need for change in attitudes and behaviors.

  • The 1971 Synod acknowledged the widespread injustices and the simultaneous human desire for liberation.

  • Contradictions and tensions exist regarding the practical implementation of this call to action, including different prioritized areas:

  • Justice among men vs. justice before God

  • Love of God vs. love of neighbor

  • Christian charity vs. human justice

  • Personal conversion vs. social reform

  • Liberation in this life vs. salvation in the next

  • Development through values vs. application of technology and ideology

  • The Church's role in promoting justice.

  • Christian love and justice are inseparable, as depicted in Old and New Testament teachings.

  • Jesus identified with the poor and oppressed, as they are considered Christ's brothers and sisters.

  • Actions for justice are inherently interwoven with the proclamation of God's Word.

  • Actions benefiting the poor and oppressed connect directly to Christ.

Overcoming Structural Sins

  • Sin extends beyond individuals to encompass societal structures.

  • Personal and societal change are inextricably linked.

  • Societal structures containing injustice are concrete manifestations of historical sins.

  • The "world," as John refers to it, signifies the need to address worldly structures.

  • Overcoming evil through good exemplifies Christ's teachings and love for enemies.

  • The struggle for justice is ongoing and will entail both successes and failures.

Tools, Technologies, and Christian Values

  • Utilizing technology and ideology are necessary.
  • A Christian ethos must guide the usage of these tools in a balanced way.

The Formation of Modern Men

  • The Church seeks "men-for-others," demonstrating a profound commitment to human values and service.
  • This idea aligns with and expands the humanist tradition.
  • Egoism ultimately hinders personal growth as it leads to dehumanization and exploitation of others.
  • A true person is one who actively promotes love and justice.

Practical Steps Toward Justice

  • Cultivating simplicity to counteract excessive consumption and competition.

  • Avoiding profit from unjust sources.

  • Engaging in active efforts to reform unjust structures.

  • Emphasizing the crucial role of the oppressed in initiating change.

  • The privileged's role is to support the oppressed in their efforts, thereby strengthening the pressure on unjust structures.

  • Arrupe calls for Jesuit alumni to engage in continuing education programs focusing on conversion and witness to justice in their own times.

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