Podcast
Questions and Answers
What may be indicated by a breathless, pale, or sweating child?
What may be indicated by a breathless, pale, or sweating child?
- Respiratory infection
- Genetic disorder
- Neonatal jaundice
- Heart failure (correct)
What can be a normal finding in young babies and those with cold peripheries?
What can be a normal finding in young babies and those with cold peripheries?
- Peripheral cyanosis (correct)
- Finger clubbing
- Central cyanosis
- Tachypnea
What is palpated to reflect left ventricular function?
What is palpated to reflect left ventricular function?
- Right ventricular heave
- Apex beat (correct)
- Liver edge
- Spleen
What suggests pulmonary hypertension?
What suggests pulmonary hypertension?
What is a sign of heart failure?
What is a sign of heart failure?
What is palpated to assess for palpable murmurs?
What is palpated to assess for palpable murmurs?
What is a sign of cyanotic heart disease?
What is a sign of cyanotic heart disease?
What is a symptom of tuberculosis?
What is a symptom of tuberculosis?
What is the normal appearance of eardrums as observed through an auroscope?
What is the normal appearance of eardrums as observed through an auroscope?
What is the indication of respiratory distress in a child?
What is the indication of respiratory distress in a child?
What is the purpose of counting the respiratory rate in a child?
What is the purpose of counting the respiratory rate in a child?
What is the indication of chronic secretory otitis media (glue ear)?
What is the indication of chronic secretory otitis media (glue ear)?
What is examined for inflammation, obstruction, and polyps?
What is examined for inflammation, obstruction, and polyps?
What is the significance of finger clubbing in a child?
What is the significance of finger clubbing in a child?
What is a possible cause of pectus carinatum?
What is a possible cause of pectus carinatum?
What does the presence of absent breath sounds in one area suggest?
What does the presence of absent breath sounds in one area suggest?
What is often heard just above the area of consolidation in pneumonia?
What is often heard just above the area of consolidation in pneumonia?
What is the respiratory rate at rest typically measured in?
What is the respiratory rate at rest typically measured in?
What is a hyper-resonant percussion note often associated with?
What is a hyper-resonant percussion note often associated with?
What is often heard in young children throughout the whole chest?
What is often heard in young children throughout the whole chest?
What is often heard in asthma and bronchiolitis?
What is often heard in asthma and bronchiolitis?
What is associated with mitral valve prolapse?
What is associated with mitral valve prolapse?
Study Notes
Cardiovascular System
- Central cyanosis may indicate heart failure, while peripheral cyanosis can be normal in young babies and those with cold peripheries.
- Finger clubbing can be a sign of cyanotic heart disease.
- Palpation is used to:
- Feel the apex beat, reflecting left ventricular function.
- Feel for right ventricular heave over the sternum, indicating pulmonary hypertension.
- Feel for thrills (palpable murmurs).
- Hepatomegaly suggests heart failure.
Respiratory System
- Respiratory distress symptoms:
- Nasal flaring.
- Recession.
- Use of accessory muscles.
- Investigate wheeze, stridor, or grunting.
- Assess respiratory rate and look for signs of cyanosis or pallor.
- Finger clubbing can be associated with mitral valve prolapse or Marfan's syndrome.
- Pectus carinatum (pigeon chest) can be idiopathic or associated with severe asthma.
- Percussion notes:
- Resonant: normal.
- Hyper-resonant: pneumothorax or emphysema.
Ear, Nose, and Throat
- Examine eardrums using an auroscope:
- Grey and shiny: normal.
- Red and bulging: suggests otitis media.
- Dull and retracted: chronic secretory otitis media (glue ear).
- Inspect nostrils for inflammation, obstruction, and polyps.
- Listen for air entry, breath sounds, and added sounds in all areas.
General
- Noisy breathing (wheeze) can indicate lower airway obstruction.
- Travel to areas with high tuberculosis prevalence or contact with infected relatives can be relevant to the diagnosis.
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Description
Identify the causes and symptoms of respiratory infections in pediatrics, including tuberculosis and noisy breathing.
