Pediatrics: Respiratory Infections

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Questions and Answers

What may be indicated by a breathless, pale, or sweating child?

Respiratory infection

Genetic disorder

Neonatal jaundice

Heart failure (correct)

What can be a normal finding in young babies and those with cold peripheries?

Peripheral cyanosis (correct)

Finger clubbing

Central cyanosis

Tachypnea

What is palpated to reflect left ventricular function?

Right ventricular heave

Apex beat (correct)

Liver edge

Spleen

What suggests pulmonary hypertension?

Right ventricular heave over sternum Signup and view all the answers

What is a sign of heart failure?

Hepatomegaly Signup and view all the answers

What is palpated to assess for palpable murmurs?

Thrills Signup and view all the answers

What is a sign of cyanotic heart disease?

Finger clubbing Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom of tuberculosis?

Noisy breathing Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal appearance of eardrums as observed through an auroscope?

Grey and shiny Signup and view all the answers

What is the indication of respiratory distress in a child?

Nasal flaring and recession Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of counting the respiratory rate in a child?

To assess respiratory distress Signup and view all the answers

What is the indication of chronic secretory otitis media (glue ear)?

Dull and retracted eardrums Signup and view all the answers

What is examined for inflammation, obstruction, and polyps?

Nostrils Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of finger clubbing in a child?

Is a sign of chronic respiratory disease Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible cause of pectus carinatum?

Marfan's syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of absent breath sounds in one area suggest?

Pneumothorax or dense consolidation Signup and view all the answers

What is often heard just above the area of consolidation in pneumonia?

Bronchial breathing with crackles Signup and view all the answers

What is the respiratory rate at rest typically measured in?

Breaths per minute Signup and view all the answers

What is a hyper-resonant percussion note often associated with?

Pneumothorax Signup and view all the answers

What is often heard in young children throughout the whole chest?

Upper airway sounds Signup and view all the answers

What is often heard in asthma and bronchiolitis?

Expiratory wheeze Signup and view all the answers

What is associated with mitral valve prolapse?

Marfan's syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cardiovascular System

Central cyanosis may indicate heart failure, while peripheral cyanosis can be normal in young babies and those with cold peripheries.
Finger clubbing can be a sign of cyanotic heart disease.
Palpation is used to:
Feel the apex beat, reflecting left ventricular function.
Feel for right ventricular heave over the sternum, indicating pulmonary hypertension.
Feel for thrills (palpable murmurs).
Hepatomegaly suggests heart failure.

Respiratory System

Respiratory distress symptoms:
Nasal flaring.
Recession.
Use of accessory muscles.
Investigate wheeze, stridor, or grunting.
Assess respiratory rate and look for signs of cyanosis or pallor.
Finger clubbing can be associated with mitral valve prolapse or Marfan's syndrome.
Pectus carinatum (pigeon chest) can be idiopathic or associated with severe asthma.
Percussion notes:
Resonant: normal.
Hyper-resonant: pneumothorax or emphysema.

Ear, Nose, and Throat

Examine eardrums using an auroscope:
Grey and shiny: normal.
Red and bulging: suggests otitis media.
Dull and retracted: chronic secretory otitis media (glue ear).
Inspect nostrils for inflammation, obstruction, and polyps.
Listen for air entry, breath sounds, and added sounds in all areas.

General

Noisy breathing (wheeze) can indicate lower airway obstruction.
Travel to areas with high tuberculosis prevalence or contact with infected relatives can be relevant to the diagnosis.

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Description

Identify the causes and symptoms of respiratory infections in pediatrics, including tuberculosis and noisy breathing.