Pediatrics Chapter 8: Growth and Nutrition Measurements

Head circumference = Measured across the occiput and forehead Chest circumference = Measured at the nipple line, midway between inspiration and expiration Relationship between head and chest circumferences in infants up to 5 months old = Head circumference may equal or exceed chest circumference by 2 cm Relationship between head and chest circumferences in infants between 5 months and 2 years old = Chest and head circumferences are close to the same size

Infants with smaller head circumference compared to chest circumference should be evaluated for microcephaly = Relevant after 2 years of age Chest circumference exceeding head circumference due to faster growth = Applicable after 2 years of age Relationship between head and chest circumferences in infants up to 5 months old = Head circumference may equal or exceed chest circumference by 2 cm Comparison of head and chest circumferences useful when a problem is suspected with either size = Relevant up to 5 months of age

Gestational age as an indicator of newborn's maturity = True statement Method of determining gestational age using mother's last menstrual period = One way to calculate gestational age Estimating gestational age for evaluating infant's developmental progress = Purpose of using gestational age Number of completed weeks between last menstrual period and birth date for determining gestational age = Method to calculate gestational age

<p>Preterm newborns = Infants born before 37 weeks of gestation Term newborns = Infants born between 37 and 41 weeks of gestation Postterm newborns = Infants born after 41 completed weeks of gestation Intrauterine growth curve = Used to plot the newborn's birth weight, length, and head circumference</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ballard Gestational Age Assessment Tool accuracy = Within 2 weeks of assigned gestational age Best health outcomes associated with which gestational ages = 37 through 41 weeks Peak incidence of premature birth in the US = 2006 Current rate of premature birth in the US = Just below 10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assessment for accuracy = Within 12 hours of birth Evaluation of physical and neuromuscular characteristics = Within 36 hours of birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ballard Gestational Age Assessment Tool = Evaluate physical and neuromuscular characteristics Intrauterine growth curve = Plot birth weight, length, and head circumference</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Appropriate for gestational age = 10th to 90th weight percentile Small for gestational age = Less than 10th weight percentile Large for gestational age = Greater than 90th weight percentile Low birth weight infants = Increased risk for morbidity and mortality</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small for gestational age infants = Increased risk for respiratory distress, hypoglycemia, and health problems Large for gestational age infants = Increased risk for morbidity and mortality Low birth weight infants = 8.0% of infants born in 2014 Appropriate for gestational age infants = Within 10th to 90th weight percentile</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small for gestational age = Infants with weight below the 10th percentile for their gestational age Large for gestational age = Infants with weight above the 90th percentile for their gestational age Low birth weight infants = Infants born weighing less than normal, associated with increased risks Appropriate for gestational age = Infants within the 10th to 90th weight percentile range</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Respiratory distress and hypoglycemia = Health problems faced by small for gestational age full-term infants Increased risk for morbidity and mortality = Associated with being classified as small or large for gestational age Low birth weight in 2014 = 8.0% of infants born were affected 10th to 90th weight percentile range = Classification of infants as appropriate for gestational age</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Large for gestational age classification = Greater than the 90th weight percentile, increased risks involved Small for gestational age classification = Below the 10th weight percentile, linked to health issues Appropriate for gestational age classification = Falls within the 10th to 90th percentile range, considered normal Low birth weight infants = Associated with increased morbidity and mortality risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weight below 10th percentile = Small for gestational age classification Weight above 90th percentile = Large for gestational age classification Weight within 10th to 90th percentile range = Appropriate for gestational age classification Increased risks of health problems = Linked to being small or large for gestational age</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Respiratory distress and hypoglycemia in full-term infants = Result of being classified as small for gestational age Morbidity and mortality risks = Linked to being classified as small or large at birth Low birth weight percentage in 2014 = 8.0% of total births affected by this condition Weight percentiles between 10th and 90th range = 'Normal' classification during gestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infants below 10th weight percentile at birth = 'Small' classification leading to specific health concerns Infants above 90th weight percentile at birth = 'Large' classification associated with increased risks Infants within 10th to 90th percentile range at birth = 'Appropriate' classification generally considered normal Infants born at low birth weight in 2014 = 'Small' or 'Large' classification impacting morbidity rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Below normal weight range at birth = 'Small' category linked to higher health risks Above normal weight range at birth = 'Large' category leading to potential issues Within normal weight range at birth = 'Appropriate' category indicating healthy development Percentage of low birth weights in 2014 = %8.0 affected by this condition</p> Signup and view all the answers