Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which reflex persists throughout life?
Which reflex persists throughout life?
- Parachute Response (correct)
- Superman Landau Reflex
- Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
- Babinski Reflex
What is the onset age for the Superman Landau Reflex?
What is the onset age for the Superman Landau Reflex?
- 9 months
- 2 months (correct)
- 6 months
- 2-4 months
Which reflex is considered transitional, meaning it is not truly a primitive or postural reflex?
Which reflex is considered transitional, meaning it is not truly a primitive or postural reflex?
- Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
- Superman Landau Reflex (correct)
- Babinski Reflex
- Parachute Response
What is the primary function of postural reflexes in infants?
What is the primary function of postural reflexes in infants?
What is the primary function of the Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex?
What is the primary function of the Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex?
Which reflex is characterized by an extension of the toes (fan outward) when the sole of the foot is stimulated?
Which reflex is characterized by an extension of the toes (fan outward) when the sole of the foot is stimulated?
What is the onset age for the Parachute Response?
What is the onset age for the Parachute Response?
What is the significance of primitive reflexes being suppressed or integrated later in life?
What is the significance of primitive reflexes being suppressed or integrated later in life?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of primitive reflexes?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of primitive reflexes?
What is the primary function of the Head Righting Reflex?
What is the primary function of the Head Righting Reflex?
What is the typical time frame for the suppression of primitive reflexes like the Moro and Tonic Labyrinthine reflexes?
What is the typical time frame for the suppression of primitive reflexes like the Moro and Tonic Labyrinthine reflexes?
Which of these reflexes is primarily controlled from the midbrain?
Which of these reflexes is primarily controlled from the midbrain?
Why does the text highlight the importance of the Spinal Galant reflex in the context of vision and behavior?
Why does the text highlight the importance of the Spinal Galant reflex in the context of vision and behavior?
What is the relationship between primitive reflexes and the development of gross motor control?
What is the relationship between primitive reflexes and the development of gross motor control?
Which of the following is NOT a possible indication of persistent primitive reflexes in children or adults?
Which of the following is NOT a possible indication of persistent primitive reflexes in children or adults?
What is the typical age range for the integration of the Moro reflex?
What is the typical age range for the integration of the Moro reflex?
What is the primary reason why reflexes are considered important for motor development?
What is the primary reason why reflexes are considered important for motor development?
Which reflex is associated with poor balance and visual perception problems if it persists beyond the typical integration age?
Which reflex is associated with poor balance and visual perception problems if it persists beyond the typical integration age?
How can the Moro reflex impact motor development if it persists beyond the expected integration period?
How can the Moro reflex impact motor development if it persists beyond the expected integration period?
Which of the following is NOT a typical trigger for the Moro reflex?
Which of the following is NOT a typical trigger for the Moro reflex?
What is the primary function of the Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (STNR)?
What is the primary function of the Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (STNR)?
Which of the following is a common consequence of persistent reflexes?
Which of the following is a common consequence of persistent reflexes?
What is the typical age range for the integration of the Spinal Galant Reflex?
What is the typical age range for the integration of the Spinal Galant Reflex?
Flashcards
Sensory Fusion
Sensory Fusion
Combination of two retinal images into one perception.
Stereopsis
Stereopsis
Ability to perceive depth through binocular vision, discriminating slight image disparities.
Acquired Ability
Acquired Ability
Skill that develops between 3-4 months, not present at birth, continuing till 2 years.
Color Vision Development
Color Vision Development
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Primitive Reflexes
Primitive Reflexes
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Postural Reflexes
Postural Reflexes
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Moro Reflex
Moro Reflex
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Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR)
Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR)
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Spinal Galant Reflex
Spinal Galant Reflex
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Reflexes
Reflexes
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Poor Eye Muscle Control
Poor Eye Muscle Control
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Oculomotor Dysfunction
Oculomotor Dysfunction
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Convergence Insufficiency
Convergence Insufficiency
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Accommodative Insufficiency
Accommodative Insufficiency
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Babinski Reflex
Babinski Reflex
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Postural Responses
Postural Responses
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Superman Landau Reflex
Superman Landau Reflex
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Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR)
Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR)
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Head Righting Reflex
Head Righting Reflex
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Parachute Response
Parachute Response
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Integration of Reflexes
Integration of Reflexes
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Reflexes and CNS Development
Reflexes and CNS Development
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Study Notes
Pediatric Vision Care
- First eye exam recommended at 6-12 months
- 6 months: Several developmental milestones and visual abilities should be developed. Eye exams should occur annually by age 5-6 as per AOA.
- InfantSEE is a program offering free eye exams for 6-12-month-olds.
- Likelihood of having had an eye exam: Under 6 years old: ~14%; 6-16 years old: ~31%
- Undiagnosed vision problems affect 1 in 5 preschool children and 1 in 4 school-aged children.
- Academic/reading difficulties and special needs (ADHD, autism, Down syndrome) are significantly associated with vision problems (70-80% in these populations).
- Many children don't recognize vision problems as they see what they expect.
- Parent and public awareness of vision problems and screening are low.
- 80% of classroom learning is visual-dependent.
- Vision issues are closely linked to juvenile delinquency.
- Early interventions for undiagnosed vision problems improve educational outcomes.
- Vision screenings don't always identify all learning-related vision problems (only ~5%).
- Vision disorders are the fourth-most common disability and the most prevalent handicapping condition in childhood.
- 25% of school-aged children have underlying vision problems affecting their academic learning.
- 10% are at risk for undiagnosed vision problems.
- There is a 4% chance for strabismus development.
Pediatric Development
- Vision is not the dominant sense at birth. Motor and sensory development guide visual development.
- Sensory and vestibular development are important prerequisites for complete visual function.
- Before visual learning, a child must learn to navigate their world through other senses.
- Academic learning is a complex process building upon the sensory-motor experience.
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