Pediatric Vision Care Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which reflex persists throughout life?

  • Parachute Response (correct)
  • Superman Landau Reflex
  • Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
  • Babinski Reflex
  • What is the onset age for the Superman Landau Reflex?

  • 9 months
  • 2 months (correct)
  • 6 months
  • 2-4 months
  • Which reflex is considered transitional, meaning it is not truly a primitive or postural reflex?

  • Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
  • Superman Landau Reflex (correct)
  • Babinski Reflex
  • Parachute Response
  • What is the primary function of postural reflexes in infants?

    <p>To ensure safety and proper positioning of the body, particularly involving large limbs and the head. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex?

    <p>To assist with inhibiting flexion response (head forward) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reflex is characterized by an extension of the toes (fan outward) when the sole of the foot is stimulated?

    <p>Babinski Reflex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the onset age for the Parachute Response?

    <p>9 months (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of primitive reflexes being suppressed or integrated later in life?

    <p>Integrated reflexes are essential for the development of new motor skills and the advancement of cognitive abilities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of primitive reflexes?

    <p>They are influenced by the level of cortical involvement, indicating cognitive development. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Head Righting Reflex?

    <p>To maintain a midline head position despite movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical time frame for the suppression of primitive reflexes like the Moro and Tonic Labyrinthine reflexes?

    <p>Between 3-4 months of age (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these reflexes is primarily controlled from the midbrain?

    <p>Head Righting Reflex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the text highlight the importance of the Spinal Galant reflex in the context of vision and behavior?

    <p>It can impact an infant's attention span and focus, potentially affecting their overall development. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between primitive reflexes and the development of gross motor control?

    <p>The suppression of primitive reflexes allows for the emergence of more complex and integrated movement patterns necessary for gross motor development. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a possible indication of persistent primitive reflexes in children or adults?

    <p>Advanced cognitive development and learning abilities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical age range for the integration of the Moro reflex?

    <p>2-4 months (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why reflexes are considered important for motor development?

    <p>Reflexes provide the foundation for more complex motor skills. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reflex is associated with poor balance and visual perception problems if it persists beyond the typical integration age?

    <p>Moro Reflex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the Moro reflex impact motor development if it persists beyond the expected integration period?

    <p>It can hamper the development of fine motor control. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a typical trigger for the Moro reflex?

    <p>Warm temperature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (STNR)?

    <p>To enable the infant to explore their surroundings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common consequence of persistent reflexes?

    <p>Difficulty with fine motor skills (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical age range for the integration of the Spinal Galant Reflex?

    <p>3-9 months (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Sensory Fusion

    Combination of two retinal images into one perception.

    Stereopsis

    Ability to perceive depth through binocular vision, discriminating slight image disparities.

    Acquired Ability

    Skill that develops between 3-4 months, not present at birth, continuing till 2 years.

    Color Vision Development

    Rudimentary color vision at birth, full color vision develops over years.

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    Primitive Reflexes

    Automatic movements helping infants adapt, fully developed at birth, integrated later.

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    Postural Reflexes

    Reflexes for maintaining safety and body positioning as infants grow.

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    Moro Reflex

    Startle reflex in infants, typically integrated by 4 months.

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    Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR)

    Reflex where turning the head causes limb extension on one side and flexion on the other.

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    Spinal Galant Reflex

    A reflex where an infant's back is stroked, causing them to flex their hips.

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    Reflexes

    Subconscious responses that cannot be consciously suppressed.

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    Poor Eye Muscle Control

    Difficulty in controlling eye movements, affecting visual function.

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    Oculomotor Dysfunction

    Difficulty in controlling eye movements, leading to binocular issues.

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    Convergence Insufficiency

    Inability to maintain proper eye alignment when focusing on near objects.

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    Accommodative Insufficiency

    Inability to adjust focus between near and far distances effectively.

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    Babinski Reflex

    A reflex in infants up to 12-18 months where toes fan outward, indicating CNS health.

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    Postural Responses

    Reflexes indicating maturity of the CNS, transitioning from primitive to control of posture.

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    Superman Landau Reflex

    Transitional reflex where infant splayed out when suspended, aiding in sitting and walking.

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    Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR)

    Reflex inhibiting flexion of the head, aiding in postural control.

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    Head Righting Reflex

    Maintains head in midline position as body moves, crucial for balance and perception.

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    Parachute Response

    Reflex where arms and legs extend symmetrically when moved headfirst downwards.

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    Integration of Reflexes

    The process where primitive reflexes must integrate for proper postural development.

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    Reflexes and CNS Development

    Reflexes signify the maturity and development stages of the central nervous system.

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    Study Notes

    Pediatric Vision Care

    • First eye exam recommended at 6-12 months
    • 6 months: Several developmental milestones and visual abilities should be developed. Eye exams should occur annually by age 5-6 as per AOA.
    • InfantSEE is a program offering free eye exams for 6-12-month-olds.
    • Likelihood of having had an eye exam: Under 6 years old: ~14%; 6-16 years old: ~31%
    • Undiagnosed vision problems affect 1 in 5 preschool children and 1 in 4 school-aged children.
    • Academic/reading difficulties and special needs (ADHD, autism, Down syndrome) are significantly associated with vision problems (70-80% in these populations).
    • Many children don't recognize vision problems as they see what they expect.
    • Parent and public awareness of vision problems and screening are low.
    • 80% of classroom learning is visual-dependent.
    • Vision issues are closely linked to juvenile delinquency.
    • Early interventions for undiagnosed vision problems improve educational outcomes.
    • Vision screenings don't always identify all learning-related vision problems (only ~5%).
    • Vision disorders are the fourth-most common disability and the most prevalent handicapping condition in childhood.
    • 25% of school-aged children have underlying vision problems affecting their academic learning.
    • 10% are at risk for undiagnosed vision problems.
    • There is a 4% chance for strabismus development.

    Pediatric Development

    • Vision is not the dominant sense at birth. Motor and sensory development guide visual development.
    • Sensory and vestibular development are important prerequisites for complete visual function.
    • Before visual learning, a child must learn to navigate their world through other senses.
    • Academic learning is a complex process building upon the sensory-motor experience.

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    Related Documents

    Pediatric Vision Care PDF

    Description

    Explore the essential aspects of pediatric vision care, including the recommended timing for eye exams and the implications of undiagnosed vision issues in children. Learn about the significance of early interventions and the impact of vision problems on educational and social outcomes. This quiz will enhance your understanding of how vision affects child development and academic success.

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