Questions and Answers
What is the most likely diagnosis for a young girl with continuous dribbling of urine but who also voids normally, having never been totally dry since birth?
Antenatal hydronephrosis due to PUJ obstruction is defined as the anteroposterior diameter of the renal pelvis of more than __ in the third trimester.
7mm
What is the most likely diagnosis for a 12-year-old girl with hematuria, headache, blurring of vision, hypertension, and broad casts in urine analysis?
Reflux uropathy with chronic renal failure
What is recommended as the first line imaging investigation for a 9-month-old girl with high fever and vomiting, suggestive of a urinary tract infection?
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What is the most common cause of urinary tract infections in children?
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What would be the most likely pathology encountered in renal biopsy of an 11-year-old boy with chronic hepatitis B infection who develops nephrotic syndrome?
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Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome is defined as failure to achieve remission after __ weeks of corticosteroid therapy.
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Study Notes
Pediatric Urology
- Continuous dribbling of urine in a young girl with a normal voiding pattern and a history of never being totally dry suggests Ectopic ureter.
- Voiding cystourethrogram is the preferred investigation for suspected vesicoureteric reflux in children with recurrent urinary tract infections.
- A grade II vesicoureteral reflux is indicated when voiding cystourethrogram shows reflux into upper collecting systems without dilation in infants.
- Antenatal hydronephrosis is indicated by an anterior-posterior renal pelvis diameter of more than 7 mm in the third trimester due to pyeloureteric junction obstruction.
- The most common anomaly associated with recurrent urinary tract infections in children is Vesicoureteric reflux.
- Features like hematuria, headache, and high blood pressure in a 12-year-old girl with a history of recurrent UTIs suggest Reflux uropathy with chronic renal failure.
- For a 9-month-old girl with a urinary tract infection, Ultrasonogram is the first-line imaging investigation.
- E. coli is the most prevalent cause of urinary tract infections in children.
- Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease is linked to chromosomes 4 and 16.
- Hepatic fibrosis is associated with Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease.
- The term Ask-Upmark kidney refers to Renal segmental hypoplasia.
- Neuroblastoma is the most common cause of an abdominal mass in neonates.
Pediatric Nephrology
- Vaccination in a child with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome allows for all killed vaccines under the National Immunization Schedule (NIS) to be administered.
- In a child with chronic hepatitis B who develops nephrotic syndrome, the renal biopsy most likely shows Membranous nephropathy.
- Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome is characterized by failure to achieve remission after 4 weeks of corticosteroid therapy.
- Focal Segmental Glomerular Sclerosis (FSGS) is often caused by mutations in the NPHS 2 (podocin) gene.
- Congenital nephrotic syndrome is defined but the completion of the definition is missing in the text provided.
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Description
Test your knowledge in pediatric urology with this quiz focused on urinary issues such as dribbling and vesicoureteric reflux. Each question presents clinical scenarios to diagnose conditions based on symptoms and investigative approaches. Perfect for medical students and professionals alike!
