Pediatric Respiratory Conditions: Scenarios & Interventions

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Questions and Answers

A child with a history of asthma is experiencing increased respiratory distress. Which finding would be most indicative of a severe asthma exacerbation requiring immediate medical intervention?

A respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute with intercostal retractions.
A peak flow meter reading at 60% of their personal best.
Mild wheezing with a prolonged expiratory phase.
Status asthmaticus. (correct)

A young child is suspected of having cystic fibrosis. Which diagnostic test would be most definitive in confirming this diagnosis?

A stool sample analysis to check for steatorrhea.
A genetic test for the CFTR mutation.
A chest X-ray revealing hyperinflation and mucus plugging.
A sweat chloride test showing elevated levels of chloride. (correct)

An infant presents with failure to thrive, frequent respiratory infections, and foul-smelling, greasy stools. Which of the following interventions would be the most comprehensive approach to address the nutritional manifestations of their suspected condition?

Providing pancreatic enzyme supplements, fat-soluble vitamins (DrAKE), and a high-calorie, high-protein diet. (correct)
Administering broad-spectrum antibiotics to treat the respiratory infections.
Encouraging frequent breastfeeding to improve nutrient absorption.
Limiting fat intake to reduce steatorrhea and improve stool consistency.

A child with pneumonia is being monitored at home. Under which of the following circumstances should the parents immediately contact the healthcare provider?

A temperature of 102.5°F, rapid breathing (60 breaths per minute), and persistent coughing for three days. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which triad represents the primary pathophysiological factors contributing to respiratory difficulty in a patient experiencing an asthma exacerbation?

Muscle tightness, swollen airway lining, and excessive mucus production. (D) Signup and view all the answers

A 4-year-old child presents for a well-child visit. Which method of temperature measurement is most appropriate?

Tympanic (D) Signup and view all the answers

When auscultating the heart of a sleeping infant, which location provides the most accurate assessment of the heart rate?

Apical (B) Signup and view all the answers

A 5-year-old patient's blood pressure reading is consistently above the 95th percentile for their age, height, and sex. What is the MOST appropriate next step in managing this patient?

Schedule two more blood pressure measurements on two separate occasions to confirm hypertension. (A) Signup and view all the answers

At what age would the absence of head lag during a pull-to-sit maneuver be considered a developmental milestone?

4 months (D) Signup and view all the answers

A 3-month-old infant presents with their posterior fontanel still open. What is the MOST likely cause?

Normal finding (B) Signup and view all the answers

When performing an otoscopic examination on a 20-month-old toddler, in which direction should the pinna be pulled to properly visualize the tympanic membrane?

Down and back (A) Signup and view all the answers

A mother reports that her 1-year-old child has an umbilical hernia. What information should the health professional provide?

The hernia will likely resolve on its own by 3 to 5 years of age. (D) Signup and view all the answers

During a physical examination of a male infant, the testicles retract when palpating the inner thigh. This is MOST likely due to which reflex?

Cremasteric reflex (A) Signup and view all the answers

An 18-month-old child exhibits several motor skills. Which of the following best describes a motor skill typically achieved by a child of this age?

Walking independently and using fingers to eat. (A) Signup and view all the answers

A two-year-old (24 month old) is brought in for a checkup. Which of the following motor skills would be MOST expected to be observed in this child?

Running and kicking a ball with some degree of coordination. (A) Signup and view all the answers

A parent is concerned that their 30-month-old child isn't talking as much as other children. Considering typical language development milestones, which of the following is the MOST appropriate expectation for a child of this age?

Following two-part commands and speaking between 150-300 words. (B) Signup and view all the answers

A 36-month-old child should be able to follow commands. Which of the following options aligns with the language skills typically seen in a child of this age?

Following three-part commands and using 3-4 word sentences. (C) Signup and view all the answers

For a pediatric patient, which dietary assessment method relies on the caregiver or patient recalling exactly what was consumed in the previous day?

24-hour Recall. (D) Signup and view all the answers

During a well-child visit, a nurse needs to measure the length of a 15-month-old infant. Which of the following techniques is the MOST accurate way to obtain this measurement?

Measuring the child in a recumbent position. (B) Signup and view all the answers

At what age should healthcare providers begin to regularly calculate and monitor the Body Mass Index (BMI) for pediatric patients as part of their growth assessment?

At 2 years of age. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In evaluating the growth of a pediatric patient, at what percentile would a BMI be characterized as overweight?

Between the 85th and 89th percentile. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Pediatric pulse assessment

Use apical pulse in sleeping infants; brachial for young children.

Blood pressure age requirement

Measure blood pressure in pediatric patients over 3 years old; confirm hypertension with two readings.