Pediatric Radiography

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary emphasis during the initial interaction with a pediatric patient and their parent?

  • Explaining the entire radiographic procedure in complex detail.
  • Establishing trust and rapport. (correct)
  • Immediately beginning the examination to minimize anxiety.
  • Focusing solely on obtaining the necessary images quickly.

Which of the following is essential in the technical preparation of the room for pediatric radiography?

  • Having appropriate positioning aids readily available. (correct)
  • Setting the room temperature to be slightly cooler than normal.
  • Dimming the lights to create a calming environment.
  • Ensuring all high-tech equipment is prominently displayed.

Which of the following describes the 'mummifying' technique in pediatric radiography?

  • Immobilizing a child using a sheet to reduce movement during imaging. (correct)
  • A method to explain the radiographic procedure to a child using a story.
  • A reward system used to encourage cooperation in young children.
  • A way to provide emotional support to the child, such as a gentle touch and reassuring words.

Why is it important to minimize a pediatric patient's motion during radiography?

<p>To reduce the need for repeat exposures and maintain image clarity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the MOST appropriate distance to set the central ray for an AP abdomen radiograph (KUB) on a pediatric patient?

<p>1 inch (2.5 cm) above the umbilicus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended central ray placement for an AP chest radiograph on a pediatric patient?

<p>To the midthorax (mammillary nipple line). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In cases where a child needs to be held during a radiographic examination, which individual is generally preferred to assist, assuming they are willing and available?

<p>The child's parent or guardian. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST important consideration when dealing with a suspected case of child abuse during a radiographic examination?

<p>Knowing the state statute, technologist's responsibilities, and the institution's reporting protocol. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the adjustable lead shield with markers on a Pigg-O-Stat?

<p>To protect the patient from unnecessary radiation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a critical consideration when performing a lateral chest radiograph on a pediatric patient?

<p>Positioning the patient with their arms elevated and no rotation evident. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Knowing the importance of parental involvement, what are all of the options a technologist can consider?

<p>Observer in room, participant in procedure, nonparticipant out of room (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of pediatric radiography for suspected nonaccidental trauma (SNAT), what is an important responsibility of the technologist?

<p>To ensure a thorough radiographic examination is performed and to adhere to institutional reporting protocols. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST likely reason for using a 'Tam-em board' during pediatric chest radiography?

<p>To assist with immobilization and maintain proper alignment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When evaluating a PA (AP) chest radiograph on a pediatric patient, which of the following indicates optimal lung expansion?

<p>The lungs are fully expanded with clear visualization of the lung markings. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the PRIMARY goal of using immobilization techniques in pediatric radiography?

<p>Preventing patient motion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the MOST important factor in reducing a child's anxiety before and during a radiographic procedure?

<p>Maintaining a calm, patient, and empathetic attitude. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which evaluation criterion differentiates an AP abdomen from an AP erect abdomen?

<p>All pertinent anatomy demonstrated (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What central ray (CR) marker is used for lateral decubitus and dorsal decubitus positioning?

<p>Horizontal beam (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario is 'mummifying' most commonly used?

<p>Radiography of the head in children up to 3 years old (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the standard steps for mummifying a patient during step 2?

<p>Place patient; immobilize right arm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct central ray (CR) location when performing an AP Erect Abdomen on infants or small children?

<p>CR 1 inch (2.5 cm) above umbilicus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What tool is best used when performing an erect chest and abdomen radiograph?

<p>Pigg-O-Stat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action is NOT an appropriate action when performing pediatric radiography?

<p>Postpone the radiographic examination until law enforcement arrives. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can good communication result in?

<p>Patient immobilization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What step can be taken to control patient motion during pediatric radiography?

<p>Good communication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should short exposure time be used when performing pediatric radiography?

<p>To combat patient motion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomy should be shown when evaluating an AP (KUB) Abdomen?

<p>Diaphragm to symphysis pubis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which study is performed most often for croup?

<p>AP and lateral soft tissue neck (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is it NOT the responsibility of the technologist?

<p>To make a judgment as to whether child abuse has occurred (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

By what age can most children be talked through a diagnostic radiographic study without immobilization or parental assistance?

<p>2-3 years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best placement for central ray for Lateral Chest Position?

<p>CR to mid-coronal plane at mammillary line (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must always be evaluated when performing chest radiographs?

<p>All the above (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a step in patient mummification?

<p>Immobilize right arm; wrap body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Technical Preparation of Room

Preparing the room with necessary equipment, positioning aids, and immobilization devices before the patient arrives.

Technologist's Attitude and Approach

Maintaining a calm, friendly, and confident manner to gain the trust and cooperation of the child and parent.

Positioning Aids

In radiography, it refers to devices like sandbags, sponges, and tape used to reduce patient movement and ensure clear images.

Parental Involvement Options

Observer in the room, participant in the procedure, and/or nonparticipant out of the room.

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Patient Motion Strategies

Techniques to minimize movement artifacts, including good communication, immobilization methods, and short exposure times.

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Pigg-O-Stat

A device used to immobilize infants and small children for erect chest and abdomen radiographs.

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Mummifying

A method of immobilizing infants or small children by wrapping them tightly in a sheet.

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Child Abuse (SNAT)

SNAT is the current preferred term. It involves physical, sexual, or emotional mistreatment causing harm. Radiographers have a duty to report suspicion according to protocol.

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Parent Protection in Radiology

Lead aprons and gloves should be worn by anyone assisting. If help is needed, always ask a parent.

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Child Cooperation Age Frame

Generally, by the age of 2-3 years, most children can be talked through a diagnostic radiographic study without immobilization or parental assistance.

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Radiographic Study for Croup

Performing AP and lateral soft tissue neck.

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AP Chest Radiography - Recumbent

Position the patient recumbent (PA erect when possible), CR to midthorax, no rotation, and collimate to chest margins.

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CR for Erect PA Chest

A central ray directed to the patient's midthorax at the mammillary nipple line.

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Evaluation Criteria for PA (AP) Chest

No rotation, arm extended (elevated), lungs fully expanded, no motion, and optimal exposure factors.

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Lateral Chest Position

Use immobilization aids or Tam-em board to position patient for lateral chest radiography; CR at mid-coronal plane and mammillary line; ensure no rotation.

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Erect Lateral Chest Position

Make sure there is no rotation, use a Pigg-O-Stat, set CR to midthorax, and collimate carefully.

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Evaluation Criteria for Lateral Chest Radiography

Ensure no rotation, arm elevated, lungs fully expanded, no motion, and optimal exposure factors.

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Positioning for AP Abdomen (KUB)

CR should be set 1 inch (2.5 cm) above the umbilicus.

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Evaluation Criteria for AP (KUB) Abdomen

Ensure that the vertebral column is centered, all pertinent anatomy is demonstrated, there is no rotation and motion, and exposure factors is optimal.

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CR for AP Erect Abdomen

Take the CR 1 inch (2.5 cm) above the umbilicus.

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Evaluation Criteria for AP Erect Abdomen

Vertebral column must be centered, all pertinent anatomy is demonstrated, there should be no rotation and motion, and exposure factors should be optimal.

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Lateral Decubitus Position

Horizontal x-ray beams aligned, centered 1 inch above umbilicus.

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Dorsal Decubitus Position

A horizontal x-ray beam is used, centered 1 inch above the umbilicus.

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Evaluation Criteria: Dorsal Decubitus Abdomen

Diaphragm is demonstrated, no rotation, no motion, and optimal exposure factors used.

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Study Notes

  • Pediatric radiography focuses on the importance of the first meeting with the patient and parent.

Pediatric Radiography Prerequisites

  • Technical preparation of the room is important
  • A technologist's attitude and approach matters
  • Positioning aids are helpful

Digital Imaging Immobilizer

  • Digital imaging immobilizers can be used for pediatric radiography

Parental Involvement

  • In pediatric radiography, 3 options are available regarding parental involvement:
  • Observer in the room
  • Participant in the procedure
  • Nonparticipant out of the room

Patient Motion

  • Good communication can help reduce patient motion
  • Immobilization techniques can help reduce patient motion
  • Short exposure time can help reduce patient motion

Pigg-O-Stat

  • Pigg-O-Stat is used for erect chest and abdomen radiography
  • Includes a bicycle-type seat
  • Has side body clamps
  • An IR holder mount
  • Includes a swivel base
  • Adjustable lead shield with markers
  • Mounting stand on wheels
  • An extra set of smaller body clamps

Mummifying Technique

  • Common radiography technique of the head in children up to 3 years old
  • Includes these 4 steps:
  • Prepare sheet
  • Place patient; immobilize right arm
  • Immobilize left arm; wrap body
  • Pull sheet tightly

Child Abuse

  • Suspected Nonaccidental Trauma (SNAT), formerly known as battered child syndrome (BCS), is important for pediatric radiography
  • Professional responsibilities regarding child abuse must be considered
  • Knowledge of state statute and technologist's responsibilities is needed
  • Know institutional reporting protocol

Parent Protection

  • Providing lead aprons is important
  • Provide lead gloves
  • Determine who should hold a child if needed by assessing:
  • Technologist
  • Student
  • Office staff
  • Parent

Quiz Me 1

  • Children around 2-3 years can be talked through a diagnostic radiographic study without immobilization or parental assistance.

Quiz Me 2

  • Making a judgment as to whether child abuse has occurred not is generally the responsibility of the technologist

Quiz Me 4

  • AP and lateral soft tissue neck radiography studies are performed most often for croup.

Positioning for Chest and Skeletal System

  • Chest and skeletal radiography require precise positioning and immobilization techniques

AP Chest-Recumbent (PA Erect When Possible)

  • CR to midthorax (mammillary nipple line)
  • No rotation
  • Collimate to chest margins

Erect PA Chest

  • Use Pigg-O-Stat
  • CR to midthorax (mammillary line)
  • No rotation

Evaluation Criteria PA (AP) Chest

  • No rotation
  • Arm extended (elevated)
  • Lungs fully expanded
  • No motion
  • Optimal exposure factors

Lateral Chest Position

  • Immobilization aids or Tam-em board
  • CR to mid-coronal plane at mammillary line
  • No rotation

Erect Lateral Chest Position

  • Pigg-O-Stat
  • CR to midthorax (mammillary line)
  • No rotation
  • Collimate carefully

Evaluation Criteria Lateral Chest

  • No rotation
  • Arm elevated
  • Lungs fully expanded
  • No motion
  • Optimal exposure factors

Positioning for AP Abdomen (KUB)

  • CR 1 inch (2.5 cm) above umbilicus

Evaluation Criteria AP (KUB) Abdomen

  • Vertebral column centered
  • All pertinent anatomy demonstrated-diaphragm to symphysis pubis
  • No rotation
  • No motion
  • Optimal exposure factors

AP Erect Abdomen

  • For Infants and small children
  • CR 1 inch (2.5 cm) above umbilicus

Evaluation Criteria AP Erect Abdomen

  • Vertebral column centered
  • All pertinent anatomy demonstrated
  • No rotation
  • No motion
  • Optimal exposure factors

Lateral Decubitus

  • Horizontal beam
  • CR 1 inch (2.5 cm) above umbilicus

Dorsal Decubitus

  • Horizontal beam
  • CR 1 inch (2.5 cm) above umbilicus

Evaluation Criteria Dorsal Decubitus Abdomen

  • Diaphragm demonstrated
  • No rotation
  • No motion
  • Optimal exposure factors

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