CHAPTER 3 pharm

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Questions and Answers

How does absorption in pediatric patients differ from adults?

The gastric pH in pediatric patients is less acidic until 1-2 years of age (correct)

The first-pass elimination in pediatric patients is more efficient than in adults

The gastric emptying in pediatric patients is faster than in adults

The intramuscular absorption in pediatric patients is slower and regular

What factor affects drug distribution in pediatric patients?

Mature blood-brain barrier

Increased level of protein binding

Lower fat content (correct)

High fat content

Why might pediatric patients experience more side effects from drugs?

Decreased metabolism in pediatric patients

Immature blood-brain barrier allowing more drugs to enter the brain (correct)

Greater protein binding in pediatric patients

Lack of drug receptors in pediatric patients

What causes altered metabolism in pediatric patients?

Liver immaturity resulting in insufficient microsomal enzymes production Signup and view all the answers

How does kidney immaturity affect drug excretion in pediatric patients?

It reduces the excretion of drugs from the body Signup and view all the answers

Which factor affects pediatric drug doses according to the text?

Lack of bacteria-killing acid in the stomach Signup and view all the answers

What equipment preparation step is recommended when working with pediatric patients?

"Prepare all equipment and supplies first" Signup and view all the answers

What is one effect of pediatric patients having immature liver function?

"First-pass elimination is reduced" Signup and view all the answers

What is one effect of pediatric patients having a slowed gastric emptying?

Absorption is altered Signup and view all the answers

In pediatric patients, what is faster and irregular?

Intramuscular absorption Signup and view all the answers

What occurs with advancing age?

Decline in organ function Signup and view all the answers

Why might older children require higher doses of medication?

Increased metabolism Signup and view all the answers

Lifespan considerations have dramatic effects on the four phases of

Pharmacokinetics Signup and view all the answers

With pediatric patients, what do we assess before, during, and after drug administration?

Comfort Signup and view all the answers

Match

Drug therapy = Most likely to result in adverse effects and toxicity in older adults Absorptions = Altered due to gastric ph being less acidic and slowed GI functions in older adults. Distributions = Affected by lower total body water percentages, increased fat content, and decreased liver protein production in older adults. Excretion = Affected by decreased glomerular filtration rate and decreased number of nephrons causing drugs to be cleared less effectively. Signup and view all the answers

Older adult patients metabolism is altered due to aging liver and reduced blood flow to the liver.

True Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pediatric Pharmacology

Absorption in pediatric patients differs from adults due to differences in gastric pH, gastric emptying, and gastrointestinal motility.

Drug Distribution

Body composition and fluid distribution affect drug distribution in pediatric patients.

Adverse Effects

Pediatric patients may experience more side effects from drugs due to differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

Metabolism

Altered metabolism in pediatric patients is caused by immature liver function, which affects enzyme systems responsible for drug metabolism.

Excretion

Kidney immaturity in pediatric patients affects drug excretion, as the glomerular filtration rate and tubular secretion are not fully developed.

Dosing

Pediatric drug doses are affected by the patient's weight, which is used to calculate dosages.

Equipment Preparation

When working with pediatric patients, it is recommended to have equipment prepared in advance, such as syringes and infusion pumps, to ensure accurate dosing.

Liver Function

Immature liver function in pediatric patients can lead to reduced drug metabolism.

Gastric Emptying

Slowed gastric emptying in pediatric patients can lead to delayed drug absorption.

Heart Rate

Pediatric patients have a faster and irregular heart rate.

With advancing age, pediatric patients' heart rate and metabolism slow down.

Dosing in Older Children

Older children may require higher doses of medication due to their increased body size and weight.

Lifespan Considerations

Lifespan considerations have dramatic effects on the four phases of pharmacokinetics: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

Assessment

Before, during, and after drug administration, we assess pediatric patients' vital signs, medical history, and medications to ensure safe and effective treatment.

Older Adults

Older adult patients' metabolism is altered due to aging liver and reduced blood flow to the liver.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the effects of pediatric patients' lifespan considerations on the absorption and distribution phases of pharmacokinetics. Explore how gastric pH, gastric emptying, liver maturation, and intramuscular absorption impact drug absorption and distribution in pediatric patients.