Questions and Answers
What is the age range for a pediatric patient to be considered a neonate?
Why should assessments and interventions be tailored to each child?
How should you communicate with a pediatric patient?
When assessing a pediatric patient, what is an acceptable approach?
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Why may it be necessary to interview a child or adolescent without their caregiver present?
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What is the primary concern when arriving at a scene?
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What should you do if you identify a potential crime scene?
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What is an important consideration when deciding whether to transport a patient to definitive care?
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What is assessed during the 'Appearance' aspect of the pediatric assessment triangle?
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What is an indication of potential spinal cord injury during the pediatric assessment triangle?
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What precautions should be taken during patient assessment?
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When obtaining a patient's blood pressure, what is the minimum cuff size requirement?
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What is the recommended duration for counting heart rate?
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What should be assessed if a patient presents with a fever?
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What is the recommended method for passively cooling a patient with a fever?
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What is the first step in primary assessment and resuscitation?
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What should you do if a patient is unresponsive, apneic, or gasping, and has no central pulse or a pulse present but <60 in an infant or child with poor perfusion?
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What type of pain scale would be used for a patient aged 8-12 years?
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What information should be obtained from a patient with syncope, seizure, AMS, cardiac arrest, or acute stroke?
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What should you assess when evaluating a patient's breathing and gas exchange?
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What is an essential component of taking a patient's SAMPLE history?
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What is the normal SpO2 range for a pediatric patient?
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Why should you reduce anxiety in a pediatric patient?
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What should be assessed in addition to vital signs during a secondary assessment?
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What is an indication for anticipating deterioration or imminent respiratory arrest?
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What should you do if a patient's airway is obstructed?
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What should you do if a patient is gasping or apneic?
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According to the provided information, what is the acceptable range for the mean arterial pressure (MAP) for a neonate?
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What is the recommended dosage of atropine for bradycardia in a pediatric patient, if the bradycardia is due to increased vagal tone?
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In what scenario is transcutaneous cardiac pacing contraindicated?
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When is transcutaneous cardiac pacing recommended for a pediatric patient with bradycardia?
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What is the normal systolic blood pressure (SBP) range for a 5-year-old child according to the provided information?
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For which of the following conditions is atropine contraindicated?
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Study Notes
Age Definitions
- Newly born: up to 24 hours
- Neonate: 1-28 days
- Infant: 1-12 months
- Child: 1-12 years
Special Considerations
- Tailor assessments and interventions to each child based on age, size, developmental, and metabolic status
- Communication may be preverbal, nonverbal, or lack of personal information
- Age and developmental level influence responses to stressful events
- Assess behaviors and speak slowly and calmly
Scene Size Up
- Situational awareness and dynamic risk assessment
- Assess and intervene as needed
- Scene safety, control, and correct hazards
- Remove patient and crew from unsafe environment ASAP
- Preserve integrity of possible evidence if potential crime scene
Pediatric Assessment Triangle
- Appearance: awake/asleep/unresponsive, age-appropriate behavior, interactiveness, and abnormal look
- Work of breathing: position, accessory muscle use, retractions, nasal flaring, head bobbing, grunting, and apnea/gasping
- Circulation to skin: pallor, mottling, cyanosis
- Plus: obvious injuries, bleeding, bruising, impaled objects, gross deformities, and detect odors
Primary Assessment/Resuscitation
- Establish rapport with patient and significant others
- Determine if immediate life threat exists and resuscitate as found
- Determine size/weight
- Level of consciousness using AVPU or Peds GCS
- Chief complaint and signs/symptoms
Airway
- Patency and listen for audible airway noises
- Impaired: reposition, suction, and monitor ECG
- Obstructed: see Pediatric Foreign Body Airway Obstruction SOP
- Impaired: see Peds Airway Adjuncts SOP
- Initiate SMR if indicated and vomiting/seizure precautions prn
Breathing
- General rate, rhythm, and adequacy of ventilations
- Air movement, chest expansion, and work of breathing
- If distress: quickly assess breath sounds and SpO2
- If apnea: see Peds Respiratory Arrest SOP
Secondary Assessment
- Vital signs: BP, pulse, respirations, and temp if indicated
- If fever: assess causes, hydration status, and attempt IV X 1
- Hydration status, chief complaint, history of present illness, and SAMPLE history
- S&S: OPQRST, quantify pain using a pain scale
- Allergies, medications, PMH, last oral intake/LMP, and events leading to illness
Normal SBP, Diastolic, and Heart Rate
- Age-dependent normal values for SBP, diastolic, and heart rate
- Hypotension and bradycardia treatment: atropine and transcutaneous cardiac pacing
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Description
Learn about the age definitions for pediatric patients, including newly born, neonate, infant, and child. Understand special considerations for assessments and communication.