Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the age range for a pediatric patient to be considered a neonate?
What is the age range for a pediatric patient to be considered a neonate?
- Up to 24 hrs
- 1-12 years
- 1-28 days (correct)
- 1-12 months
Why should assessments and interventions be tailored to each child?
Why should assessments and interventions be tailored to each child?
- Because of their physical appearance
- Because they may be shy or scared
- Due to their age, size, developmental, and metabolic status (correct)
- To avoid upsetting their caregivers
How should you communicate with a pediatric patient?
How should you communicate with a pediatric patient?
- Use complex medical terminology to impress them
- Speak loudly and clearly to get their attention
- Avoid speaking to them altogether
- Speak slowly and calmly using understandable words (correct)
When assessing a pediatric patient, what is an acceptable approach?
When assessing a pediatric patient, what is an acceptable approach?
Why may it be necessary to interview a child or adolescent without their caregiver present?
Why may it be necessary to interview a child or adolescent without their caregiver present?
What is the primary concern when arriving at a scene?
What is the primary concern when arriving at a scene?
What should you do if you identify a potential crime scene?
What should you do if you identify a potential crime scene?
What is an important consideration when deciding whether to transport a patient to definitive care?
What is an important consideration when deciding whether to transport a patient to definitive care?
What is assessed during the 'Appearance' aspect of the pediatric assessment triangle?
What is assessed during the 'Appearance' aspect of the pediatric assessment triangle?
What is an indication of potential spinal cord injury during the pediatric assessment triangle?
What is an indication of potential spinal cord injury during the pediatric assessment triangle?
What precautions should be taken during patient assessment?
What precautions should be taken during patient assessment?
When obtaining a patient's blood pressure, what is the minimum cuff size requirement?
When obtaining a patient's blood pressure, what is the minimum cuff size requirement?
What is the recommended duration for counting heart rate?
What is the recommended duration for counting heart rate?
What should be assessed if a patient presents with a fever?
What should be assessed if a patient presents with a fever?
What is the recommended method for passively cooling a patient with a fever?
What is the recommended method for passively cooling a patient with a fever?
What is the first step in primary assessment and resuscitation?
What is the first step in primary assessment and resuscitation?
What should you do if a patient is unresponsive, apneic, or gasping, and has no central pulse or a pulse present but <60 in an infant or child with poor perfusion?
What should you do if a patient is unresponsive, apneic, or gasping, and has no central pulse or a pulse present but <60 in an infant or child with poor perfusion?
What type of pain scale would be used for a patient aged 8-12 years?
What type of pain scale would be used for a patient aged 8-12 years?
What information should be obtained from a patient with syncope, seizure, AMS, cardiac arrest, or acute stroke?
What information should be obtained from a patient with syncope, seizure, AMS, cardiac arrest, or acute stroke?
What should you assess when evaluating a patient's breathing and gas exchange?
What should you assess when evaluating a patient's breathing and gas exchange?
What is an essential component of taking a patient's SAMPLE history?
What is an essential component of taking a patient's SAMPLE history?
What is the normal SpO2 range for a pediatric patient?
What is the normal SpO2 range for a pediatric patient?
Why should you reduce anxiety in a pediatric patient?
Why should you reduce anxiety in a pediatric patient?
What should be assessed in addition to vital signs during a secondary assessment?
What should be assessed in addition to vital signs during a secondary assessment?
What is an indication for anticipating deterioration or imminent respiratory arrest?
What is an indication for anticipating deterioration or imminent respiratory arrest?
What should you do if a patient's airway is obstructed?
What should you do if a patient's airway is obstructed?
What should you do if a patient is gasping or apneic?
What should you do if a patient is gasping or apneic?
According to the provided information, what is the acceptable range for the mean arterial pressure (MAP) for a neonate?
According to the provided information, what is the acceptable range for the mean arterial pressure (MAP) for a neonate?
What is the recommended dosage of atropine for bradycardia in a pediatric patient, if the bradycardia is due to increased vagal tone?
What is the recommended dosage of atropine for bradycardia in a pediatric patient, if the bradycardia is due to increased vagal tone?
In what scenario is transcutaneous cardiac pacing contraindicated?
In what scenario is transcutaneous cardiac pacing contraindicated?
When is transcutaneous cardiac pacing recommended for a pediatric patient with bradycardia?
When is transcutaneous cardiac pacing recommended for a pediatric patient with bradycardia?
What is the normal systolic blood pressure (SBP) range for a 5-year-old child according to the provided information?
What is the normal systolic blood pressure (SBP) range for a 5-year-old child according to the provided information?
For which of the following conditions is atropine contraindicated?
For which of the following conditions is atropine contraindicated?
Study Notes
Age Definitions
- Newly born: up to 24 hours
- Neonate: 1-28 days
- Infant: 1-12 months
- Child: 1-12 years
Special Considerations
- Tailor assessments and interventions to each child based on age, size, developmental, and metabolic status
- Communication may be preverbal, nonverbal, or lack of personal information
- Age and developmental level influence responses to stressful events
- Assess behaviors and speak slowly and calmly
Scene Size Up
- Situational awareness and dynamic risk assessment
- Assess and intervene as needed
- Scene safety, control, and correct hazards
- Remove patient and crew from unsafe environment ASAP
- Preserve integrity of possible evidence if potential crime scene
Pediatric Assessment Triangle
- Appearance: awake/asleep/unresponsive, age-appropriate behavior, interactiveness, and abnormal look
- Work of breathing: position, accessory muscle use, retractions, nasal flaring, head bobbing, grunting, and apnea/gasping
- Circulation to skin: pallor, mottling, cyanosis
- Plus: obvious injuries, bleeding, bruising, impaled objects, gross deformities, and detect odors
Primary Assessment/Resuscitation
- Establish rapport with patient and significant others
- Determine if immediate life threat exists and resuscitate as found
- Determine size/weight
- Level of consciousness using AVPU or Peds GCS
- Chief complaint and signs/symptoms
Airway
- Patency and listen for audible airway noises
- Impaired: reposition, suction, and monitor ECG
- Obstructed: see Pediatric Foreign Body Airway Obstruction SOP
- Impaired: see Peds Airway Adjuncts SOP
- Initiate SMR if indicated and vomiting/seizure precautions prn
Breathing
- General rate, rhythm, and adequacy of ventilations
- Air movement, chest expansion, and work of breathing
- If distress: quickly assess breath sounds and SpO2
- If apnea: see Peds Respiratory Arrest SOP
Secondary Assessment
- Vital signs: BP, pulse, respirations, and temp if indicated
- If fever: assess causes, hydration status, and attempt IV X 1
- Hydration status, chief complaint, history of present illness, and SAMPLE history
- S&S: OPQRST, quantify pain using a pain scale
- Allergies, medications, PMH, last oral intake/LMP, and events leading to illness
Normal SBP, Diastolic, and Heart Rate
- Age-dependent normal values for SBP, diastolic, and heart rate
- Hypotension and bradycardia treatment: atropine and transcutaneous cardiac pacing
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Description
Learn about the age definitions for pediatric patients, including newly born, neonate, infant, and child. Understand special considerations for assessments and communication.
