Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary objective of recessing the lateral rectus muscle in a patient with congenital exotropia?
What is the primary objective of recessing the lateral rectus muscle in a patient with congenital exotropia?
Which of the following conditions is least likely to be associated with congenital exotropia?
Which of the following conditions is least likely to be associated with congenital exotropia?
Which procedure is characterized by cutting a portion of the eye muscle to increase its tension?
Which procedure is characterized by cutting a portion of the eye muscle to increase its tension?
What condition is characterized by the eye turning outward intermittently?
What condition is characterized by the eye turning outward intermittently?
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What type of strabismus presents with a large angle of divergence within the first year of life?
What type of strabismus presents with a large angle of divergence within the first year of life?
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Which of the following muscles is primarily weakened in a bilateral lateral rectus recession?
Which of the following muscles is primarily weakened in a bilateral lateral rectus recession?
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Which factor can affect the consistency of eye alignment in individuals with intermittent exotropia?
Which factor can affect the consistency of eye alignment in individuals with intermittent exotropia?
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Which of the following is a common indicator for strabismus surgery?
Which of the following is a common indicator for strabismus surgery?
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What is the distinguishing recovery time for an individual with pure phoria (XP) during dissociation?
What is the distinguishing recovery time for an individual with pure phoria (XP) during dissociation?
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In a study of 653 children, what percentage exhibited intermittent exotropia during initial observation?
In a study of 653 children, what percentage exhibited intermittent exotropia during initial observation?
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Which of these is NOT typically considered a co-manager in pediatric vision issues?
Which of these is NOT typically considered a co-manager in pediatric vision issues?
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When considering treatment for intermittent exotropia, which of the following is important to assess?
When considering treatment for intermittent exotropia, which of the following is important to assess?
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Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with intermittent exotropia?
Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with intermittent exotropia?
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Study Notes
Co-Management of Pediatric Patients
- Co-management involves collaboration with various professionals, including pediatric ophthalmologists, pediatricians, school nurses, educators, occupational therapists, physical therapists, and instructors for visually impaired children.
Pediatric Ophthalmology
- Key conditions managed in pediatric ophthalmology include:
- Strabismus
- Ptosis
- Congenital cataracts and infant aphakia
- Contact lenses use
- Prism therapy
Types of Strabismus
- Common types of deviations include:
- Exotropia (outward turning)
- Esotropia (inward turning)
- Cranial Nerve (CN) Palsies, specifically CN 3, 4, and 6
- Duane Syndrome
Strabismus Surgery Techniques
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Recession:
- Weakens a muscle by re-positioning it further back to decrease its pulling force.
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Resection:
- Involves removing a section of the muscle to tighten it, enhancing its force upon contraction.
Congenital Exotropia
- Characterized by a large-angle divergence present in the first year of life.
- Often associated with neurological abnormalities or craniofacial syndromes.
- Typical presentation as a form of alternating fixation and ismonitored for significant deviation.
- Surgical management includes either bilateral lateral rectus recessions or monocular medial rectus resections with lateral rectus recession.
Exotropia Surgery Considerations
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Sensory Exotropia:
- Associated with ocular trauma or severe amblyopia.
- Treatment may include prism therapy or additional surgery.
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Consecutive Exotropia:
- Occurs post-exotropia surgery, evaluated for further intervention based on convergence insufficiency or retinal disease.
Intermittent Exotropia Assessment
- Fluctuations in eye position may occur based on time of day.
- Requires careful monitoring to determine if deterioration, stability, or improvement is expected.
- Decisions regarding surgical vs. non-surgical interventions are made on a case-by-case basis.
Intermittent Exotropia Study Findings
- Examined 653 children, documenting presentation frequency.
- Children often display intermittent exotropia, with observations showing varying degrees of deviation (e.g., phorias and tropias).
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Description
Test your knowledge on pediatric ophthalmology, focusing on co-management of patients, key conditions like strabismus, and surgical techniques. Explore various types of strabismus and treatment options available for pediatric patients.
