The Child with a Musculoskeletal Condition
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Questions and Answers

What characteristic of the pediatric skeletal system differs from that of adults?

  • Bones are completely ossified
  • Epiphyses are absent
  • Lower mineral content and greater porosity (correct)
  • Periosteum is thinner and less effective

    • Which statement is true regarding the healing process in pediatric patients?

  • The periosteum in children is thicker and produces callus more rapidly (correct)
  • Pediatric bones break more easily than adult bones
  • Healing is slower due to thinner periosteum
  • Bone overgrowth is rare in children under 10 years

    • What aspect of musculoskeletal assessment includes both mechanical and reflexes?

  • Palpation
  • Growth measurement
  • Range of motion (ROM)
  • Gait assessment (correct)

    • Which factor can lead to alterations in skeletal growth in pediatric patients?

    <p>Neurological developmental delays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common variation in the musculoskeletal system of newborns?

    <p>C-shaped spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stages of life does skeletal growth occur most rapidly in children?

    <p>Infancy and adolescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication should be suspected when X-rays show multiple fractures at various stages of healing in a child?

    <p>Child abuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about a child’s walking pattern by the age of 6?

    <p>Children have equal stride lengths and coordinated arm swings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition may result if a child is seen toe walking after the age of 3?

    <p>Muscle problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do immature ligaments typically result in a child appearing to have flat feet?

    <p>Until 6 years of age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is often avoided for fractures to reduce complications associated with prolonged bed rest?

    <p>Traction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fracture involves one side of the bone being broken while the other side is bent?

    <p>Greenstick fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of a sprain?

    <p>Swelling and disability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Bryant's traction?

    <p>To stabilize fractures of the femur in younger children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of traction uses a sling under the knee with weights attached to a footplate?

    <p>Russell traction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nursing action is most important to prevent complications when caring for a child in traction?

    <p>Performing frequent neurovascular checks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical consideration when applying skin traction such as Buck's extension?

    <p>The child's body must provide countertraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication associated with improper traction care?

    <p>Volkmann's ischemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential to ensure when maintaining a continuous traction system?

    <p>Ropes should remain intact and in the pulleys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about cast care is true?

    <p>Open palms and extended fingers must be maintained for arm casts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be monitored to prevent complications such as compartment syndrome in a child with a cast?

    <p>Neurovascular status and tissue perfusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When using a cast for injury management, what should be avoided?

    <p>Allowing the cast to get wet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of JIA typically affects four or fewer joints?

    <p>Oligoarthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common manifestation of systemic arthritis in JIA?

    <p>Intermittent fever above 103°F</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial treatment goal for managing JIA?

    <p>Reduce joint pain and swelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of scoliosis is caused by changes in the shape of the vertebrae?

    <p>Structural scoliosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What curvature degree typically does not require treatment in scoliosis?

    <p>Up to 20 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brace is used for scoliosis curvatures between 20 and 40 degrees?

    <p>Milwaukee brace</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be prioritized in nursing care for adolescents post spinal fusion surgery?

    <p>Postoperative physical therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended approach for preventing sports injuries?

    <p>Selecting activities based solely on fun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern when a child shows pain at the trauma site that is not relieved by analgesics?

    <p>Compartment syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of osteomyelitis in children younger than 1 year of age?

    <p>Haemophilus influenzae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT typically associated with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy?

    <p>Inability to bear weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for Slipped Femoral Capital Epiphysis (SFCE)?

    <p>Traction until stabilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Ewing's Sarcoma is true?

    <p>Metastasis often occurs to the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which condition may avascular necrosis occur due to disrupted blood supply to the femur's epiphysis?

    <p>Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a diagnostic test for osteomyelitis?

    <p>Bone scan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a common treatment component for patients with osteosarcoma?

    <p>RAD radical resection or amputation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by muscle degeneration due to the absence of dystrophin?

    <p>Duchenne's muscular dystrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic symptom may raise suspicion of osteosarcoma in a child?

    <p>Thigh and knee pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pediatric Skeletal System

    • Pediatric bones are more flexible and prone to bending than adult bones: this is due to the presence of more cartilage and less calcified bone in children.
    • Bone healing is faster in children: because of a more robust blood supple and a faster rate of cell division.
    • Musculoskeletal assessment should include both mechanical and reflex evaluation: this provides a comprehensive understanding of the child's musculoskeletal status and any potential underlying issues.
    • Skeletal growth can be altered by several factors: including nutritional deficiencies, hormonal imbalances, genetic conditions, chronic diseases, and certain medications.
    • A common variation in newborn's musculoskeletal system is "toe-in": this refers to the inward pointing of the feet.

    Pediatric Skeletal Growth

    • Skeletal growth occurs most rapidly during infancy and adolescence: this is due to hormonal surges and increased metabolic activity.
    • Multiple fractures at various stages of healing may indicate child abuse: a thorough medical history and physical examination are crucial to assess the cause of the fractures.

    Pediatric Gait Development

    • By age 6, children typically walk with a mature gait pattern: characterized by a steady pace and a consistent stride length.
    • Toe walking after age 3 may indicate a neurological or musculoskeletal condition: such as cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, or tight calf muscles.
    • Flat feet in children are common due to underdeveloped ligaments: this usually resolves as ligaments strengthen with growth and development.

    Pediatric Fracture Management

    • Prolonged bed rest is often avoided for fractures in children: this is to minimize complications like muscle atrophy, blood clots, and loss of bone density.
    • A greenstick fracture involves a partial break: one side of the bone is broken while the other side is bent.
    • A sprain is an injury to a ligament: this can cause pain, swelling, bruising, and difficulty moving the affected joint.

    Pediatric Traction

    • Bryant's traction is used to treat hip fractures in children: it involves pulling the legs upward to keep the hip joint in a neutral position.

    Nursing Care for Children in Traction

    • Russell's traction involves a sling under the knee with weights attached to a footplate: it is used for fractures of the femur and lower leg.
    • Maintaining skin integrity is crucial when caring for children in traction: this includes regular skin inspections, cleaning, and padding.
    • Proper application and maintenance of traction systems are vital: this ensures the traction is effective and prevents complications.

    Cast Care

    • Cast care includes maintaining cleanliness and dryness: this helps prevent skin infections and irritation.
    • Monitor for signs of compartment syndrome: like pain, swelling, and numbness.
    • Avoid getting the cast wet: to prevent water damage and potential complications.

    Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)

    • Oligoarticular JIA affects four or fewer joints: often the knees, ankles, and elbows.
    • Systemic arthritis is a type of JIA that may cause fever, rash, and inflammation of the internal organs: this form is often associated with a more serious course of illness.
    • Initial treatment for JIA includes reducing inflammation and pain: this often involves anti-inflammatory medications and physical therapy.

    Scoliosis

    • Structural scoliosis is caused by changes in the shape of the vertebrae: this can lead to a curve in the spine that may require corrective treatment.
    • Scoliosis curves less than 10 degrees typically do not require treatment: monitoring for progression is essential.
    • A Boston brace is often used for scoliosis curvatures between 20 and 40 degrees: it is designed to help straighten the spine and prevent further curvature.

    Nursing Care for Adolescents with Scoliosis

    • Prioritizing pain management is crucial for adolescents post spinal fusion surgery: this may involve medications, ice therapy, and physical therapy.

    Sports Injuries

    • Encouraging adequate warm-up and cool-down routines is a recommended approach to prevent sports injuries: this helps prepare the body for exercise and prevent muscle strain.

    Pediatric Musculoskeletal Conditions

    • Intense pain not relieved by analgesics may indicate a serious underlying condition: such as a fracture, infection, or nerve injury.
    • Staphylococcus aureus infection is the most common cause of osteomyelitis in children under 1 year: this bacterial infection can affect the bone and surrounding tissues.
    • Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy is characterized by progressive muscle weakness and degeneration: this condition predominantly affects boys and often leads to wheelchair dependence.

    Slipped Femoral Capital Epiphysis

    • The primary treatment for Slipped Femoral Capital Epiphysis (SFCE) involves surgical fixation of the femoral head: this helps stabilize the joint and prevent further complications.

    Ewing's Sarcoma

    • Ewing's Sarcoma is a type of bone cancer that commonly affects the long bones: it's more common in children and adolescents.

    Avascular Necrosis

    • Avascular necrosis can occur in Legg-Calve-Perthes disease: a condition that affects the hip joint and can lead to disruption of blood supply to the femoral head.

    Osteomyelitis

    • Bone biopsy is a diagnostic test for osteomyelitis: this allows for identification of the causative organism and appropriate treatment.

    Osteosarcoma

    • Chemotherapy is a common treatment component for patients with osteosarcoma: this is often used in conjunction with surgery and radiation therapy.

    Muscular Dystrophy

    • Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy is characterized by the absence of dystrophin: a protein that helps maintain muscle cell structure and function.

    Osteosarcoma

    • A rapidly growing tumor that causes pain and swelling may be a sign of osteosarcoma: this type of bone cancer warrants prompt medical evaluation and treatment.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the differences in the pediatric skeletal system compared to adults. This quiz covers healing processes, assessment aspects, and common variations found in children. Explore factors that affect skeletal growth and learn about typical walking patterns in children as they develop.

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