Pediatric Medical Cases Quiz

Summary of Medical Cases

• Case 1: A 2-year-old boy experienced an increase in the size of his scrotum, primarily in the evening. The swelling reduced when the boy was lying down. The most likely diagnosis is acute scrotum syndrome.

• Case 2: A newborn boy had a defect in the anterior abdominal wall and bladder. The protruding mucosa was hyperemic, with areas of bleeding. Skin around the defect was macerated, and urine flowed through the skin. The defect in the upper wall of the urethra was determined, making the most likely diagnosis bladder exstrophy.

• Case 3: A child experienced a fracture of the right femur, with middle-third displacement. The optimal treatment is adhesive plaster traction by Sheda.

• Case 4: A 7-year-old boy fell off his bike, and hit his head on the pavement. He experienced mild headaches, and superficial abrasions on his hands and knees. A CT scan revealed an undepressed linear skull fracture with a separation of 2 mm. The most expedient action is to discharge the child home.

• Case 5: A 31-year-old man was in a car accident, and was delivered to emergency. He has clear consciousness, Glasgow coma scale is 15 points, pale skin, sticky sweat, and superficial spontaneous breathing, with an associated low SpO2 and elevated RR per minute. The most characteristic auscultative sign is large-bubbly wheezing .

• Case 6: A 38-year-old woman fell on her left forearm, with a shortening of the forearm and no active movement of the elbow joint. Springy resistance is detected when attempting passive movements. This indicates a possible fracture-dislocation of the elbow or radius.

• Case 7: A 2-year-old boy presented with difficulty walking and cold feet. He tires quickly while walking and has a 2/6 systolic murmur in the left paravertebral region. The most likely evaluation is an increased R wave amplitude in V5-V6 on ECG, and possibly low tissue oxygenation in the legs.

• Case 8: A 24-year-old fell while skating and experienced acute pain in the left forearm. The X-ray indicated a possible fracture/dislocation of Monteggia or Galeazzi.

• Case 9: A 2-year-old girl knocked over a boiling water kettle, causing burns to her face, neck, and both hands. The preliminary diagnosis is likely to be a thermal burn of degree II-IV.

• Case 10: A child with projectile vomiting after feeding, sluggish, weak cry, and swelling in the epigastric region. The most likely diagnosis was vomiting, with stagnant intestinal contents, possibly with a pungent smell.

• Case 11: A 28-year-old man involved in a high-speed vehicle collision, experiencing chest pain and shortness of breath. His Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score is 14, and oxygen saturation is 94%. The most expedient action is observation.

• Case 12: A 2-year-old boy was brought to the physician due to difficulty walking and cold feet. The most likely diagnosis was right testicular false cryptorchidism

• Case 13: a 3-month old infant with absent bowel movements and a distended abdomen. The most likely diagnosis was absence or discoordination of intestinal peristalsis

• Case 14: A 5-month-old boy with intermittent episodes of turning blue (cyanosis). The likely issue is anomalous pulmonary venous return on MR angiography.

• Case 15: A 28 year old was in an accident with burns, was rushed to the ER. The most appropriate method to verify adequate fluid infusion is the Parkland formula

• Case 16: A girl experienced a fall on her leg, causing knee swelling. The most appropriate action would be a puncture of the knee joint and application of a posterior plaster half tutor.

• Case 17: A girl experienced a fall on her leg, causing knee swelling, in which the most appropriate action would be a puncture of the knee joint, and applying a posterior plaster half-tutor, along with observation.

• Case 18: A 12-year-old boy experienced pain and scrotal swelling, following an injury. The most likely cause was probably a testicular torsion

• Case 19: A 8-year-old boy presented with a fractured radius, causing radius shortening. The cause was likely osteoepiphiseolysis.

• Case 20: A 1-month-old boy experienced lethargy, general weakness and pallor, along with lack of bowel movements for 5 days. The most likely diagnosis was a problem in the affected segment of the intestine.

• Case 21: A 19-month-old girl presented with a 2/6 murmur. The most appropriate next step is likely regular echocardiography.

• Case 22: A 26-year-old medical student had a slightly elevated temperature despite feeling well. A pneumothorax was noted on the chest x-ray, so the next step is likely observation and follow up x-ray.

• Case 23: An 8-month-old child presented with left hip dysplasia. The most likely issue was probable left hip dislocation.

• Case 24: A 10-year-old child after an accident, experienced dizziness, vomiting, pale skin, and tachycardia. A suspected abdominal injury is noted. The probable initial diagnosis is likely intestinal or visceral rupture.

• Case 25: A 3-week-old child with progressive lethargy and feeding difficulty, elevated temperature, and reduced capillary filling time is likely experiencing an issue with delayed capillary filling time or dehydration/shock

• Case 26: A 27-year-old man with a skull injury, and epidural hematoma. The most appropriate step was likely to continue conservative treatment and observing.

• Case 27: A 43-year-old woman experiencing fever and chills after a cholecystectomy, is likely suffering from surgical site infection.

• Case 28: A 70-year-old woman presented with shortness of breath, and diffuse rales. The most likely issue is likely pulmonary edema secondary to acute myocardial infarction.

• Case 29: A 10-year-old child injured in a car accident, presenting with altered consciousness, pale skin, a rapid pulse and undetectable peripheral pulse, likely to be due to a Traumatic hemorrhagic shock

• Case 30: A 17-year-old experienced a fall and right clavicle injury with a step-like protrusion. The likely diagnosis was a possible clavicle fracture

• Case 31: A 19-year old man presented with a basketball injury, causing a distal interphalangeal joint flexion deficit, indicating a possible finger fracture. The most appropriate step in management is likely a Stack splint.

• Case 32: A 60-year-old man had an injury to his left side/flank, and experienced pain. X-ray likely to show ribs fracture

• Case 33: A 2-month old baby presented with lack of bowel movements and belly distension. The most likely diagnosis in a compensated form for this disease is likely to be periodic bloating and constipation.

• Case 34: 23-year-old pregnant with acute abdominal pain and symptoms of inflammatory response to infection. The most likely diagnosis was probably an appendicitis.

• Case 35: A 47 year old woman with varicose veins in the left thigh, with hyperemia in the area of varicose veins. Her most probable condition is acute ascending thrombophlebitis of the saphenous veins

• Case 36: A 14-yr-old girl reported pain in the epigastric region, vomiting of food, black stools and weakness. The most likely diagnosis is a stomach ulcer.

• Case 37: A 30-year-old man was in the emergency room with chest pain and shortness of breath. The likely problem was Acute pulmonary embolism.

• Case 38: A 6-month old had a cough or choking episodes. The most likely diagnosis was likely esophageal atresia, or esophageal stenosis.

• Case 39: A child was admitted with a right kidney injury, and no function in the right kidney. The most likely diagnosis is likely to be renal aplasia.

• Case 40: A 44-year-old woman was hospitalized with inguinal hernia, which caused discomfort and made it hard to work. The most appropriate surgical treatment is a Terje-Czerny procedure potentially for hernia repair.

• Case 41: A 12-year-old child was admitted for acute appendicitis, exhibiting pus on the specimen. The most appropriate treatment was likely an appendectomy and sanitation of the abdominal cavity.

• Case 42: A 65 year old male patient with injuries and hypotension. The most likely issue is a possible splenectomy complication.

• Case 43: A 6-month old presented with scrotal swelling and a possible blockage of blood flow in the right testicle. The appropriate action is likely to be a diagnostic laparoscopy

• Case 44: A five-year-old child was admitted with complaints of frequent cold, pale skin, and decreased motor activity along with circulatory abnormalities. The likely diagnosis is likely rheumatic disease, or heart condition.

• Case 45: A 36 year old man presented with shortness of breath and dizziness. The likely problem is likely acute pulmonary embolism.

• Case 46: A 42-year-old man presented with severe stomach pain. The most likely diagnosis was acute pancreatitis.

• Case 47: 33-year old man with abdominal pain and symptoms of inflammation. The likely concern is cholelithiasis

• Case 48: A 38 year old woman experiencing forearm pain and limited mobility. The most likely diagnosis was a Posterior dislocation of the forearm.

• Case 49: A 37-year-old man with acute pain, possibly an issue with a displaced or fractured bone. Diagnosis was required.

• Case 50: A 27 year old male presented with abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting . The most likely issue was acute pancreatitis.

• Case 51: A 6-month-old boy presented with persistent constipation for several years. The most probable diagnosis is Hirschsprung's disease.

• Case 52: A 27-year-old man with an acute abdomen showed hemorrhagic effusion in the abdominal cavity and stearic plaques. The MOST likely diagnosis is mesenteric thrombosis.

• Case 53: A 3-year-old with no spontaneous bowel movements. The most likely diagnosis is probably megadolichocolon

• Case 54: A one-year-old hit their head on the floor, and experienced symptoms. The most likely issue is likely to be a brain injury

• Case 55: A 2-year-old girl with extensive burn injuries. The preliminary diagnosis was likely to be a thermal burn.

• Case 56: A 16 year-old presented with chest pain and weakness, with a possibly collapsed left lung. The most likely issue was a pneumothorax

• Case 57: A 56 year old female with jaundice and a possible blockage in the liver, likely to be cholangiopathy.

• Case 58: A 31-year-old experiencing a sudden cough with wet pillow. The most probable diagnosis was likely cardiospasm

• Case 59: A 4-year-old boy showing signs of cyanosis, shortness of breath during exercise, and frequent attacks during exercise. The probable diagnosis is likely a possible congenital heart condition.

• Case 60: A 10-year-old child presented with an accident, with altered consciousness and undetectable peripheral pulse. The most probably diagnosis was traumatic shock or a traumatic head injury.

• Case 61: A man experiencing chest pain, shortness of breath, and cold sweats suggestive of a possibly pleural cavity issue

• Case 62: A 42-year-old man experiencing severe epigastric pain, likely to be acute pancreatitis

• Case 63: 6-month old presented with pain, vomiting and blood in rectum likely to be intussusception.

• Case 64: A 41-year-old man with shoulder pain from a fall. The likely diagnosis was a likely shoulder or neurovascular bundle injury.

• Case 65: A 41-year-old man with shoulder pain from a fall; the likely diagnosis, was a likely shoulder or neurovascular bundle injury.

• Case 66: A 31 year old with epigastric pain; the most likely cause is acute cholecystitis.

• Case 67: A 56-year-old woman with pain in the right hypochondrium, jaundice, and discoloration of feces. The most likely diagnoses were likely to be obstructive jaundice, which likely resulted from a tumor in the pancreases.

• Case 68: A 42-year-old male with epigastric pain, vomiting and potentially poor gut motility, the most likely diagnosis was an acute pancreatitis or a gastric perforation

• Case 69: A 35-year old male with leg pain, coldness and numbness; the problem was most likely due to an acute arterial thrombosis of vascular tissues

• Case 70: 10 year old, with sudden pain in the right lower extremity, loss of consciousness, and altered mental status. The appropriate treatment is likely to be immediate and emergency treatment to address acute arterial thrombosis, or emboli, or a spinal cord injury.

• Case 71: A newborn presented with a bluish discoloration and a murmur. The most likely diagnosis was an possible congenital heart defect.

• Case 72: A premature baby with cyanosis, moist rales and a heart murmur. The most likely diagnosis was a possible congenital heart defect, such as a ventricular septal defect or patent ductus arteriosus

• Case 73: A 30-year-old pregnant woman with left leg pain, swelling, and heightened pain likely to be acute thrombophlebitis. Venous thrombotic disease is suspected.

• Case 74: A girl (6 months) with pneumonia, poor lung function and respiratory issues. The most probable diagnosis is likely to be an aspiration syndrome, pneumonia, and some degree of respiratory distress likely due to some type of aspiration, or other injury.

• Case 75: A 62-year-old man with a mass in his groin likely to be a hernia and likely requires a surgery to correct it.

• Case 76: A 28-year-old male experiencing a surgical complication that is likely causing sepsis.

• Case 77: A 10-year-old with possible abdominal injury from the fall. The likely issue is likely to be something with an injury likely resulting in an intestinal or visceral rupture.

• Case 78: A 14-year-old with pain in left collarbone (a possible clavicle injury).

• Case 79: A 31-year-old woman with swelling and pain in forearm from a fall.. The likely issue was a possible fracture or dislocation of a bone in the forearm.

• Case 80: A 6-month-old child with possible kidney issues, requiring possible further testing.

• Case 81: A 32-year-old child with a history of chronic illness and a severe cough presented with possible chest issues. The likely issue is a pneumonia or possible abscess in the lower left lung.

• Case 82: A 50 year old with a knife wound. An immediate thoracotomy or potentially a pericardial puncture and blood transfusion is likely recommended

• Case 83: A 1-month-old child with vomiting, and likely to be dehydration and/or pyloric stenosis.

• Case 84: A 44-year-old presenting with abdominal pain and likely to have acute abdomen or potential biliary issues.

• Case 85: A 10 year old with symptoms consistent with a possible liver tumor

• Case 86: A 60-year-old male with complaints of pain in the lower extremity. The likely issue was an vascular issue like possible arterial thrombosis.

• Case 87: A 31-year-old woman complaining of pain needing examination . The most likely issue is likely to be a possible inflammation or abscess.

• Case 88: A 60-year-old male presenting with right hip pain likely related to a possible fracture. The possible issue, is an hip fracture

• Case 89: A 71-year-old male complaining of pain in the upper abdomen along with nausea; the most likely diagnosis was cholelithiasis.

• Case 90: A 2-year-old with fever, respiratory issues, lung findings (possibly pneumonia or other lung issue)

• Case 91: A 53-year old female complaining of a bulging anus likely to be a hemorrhoid.

• Case 92: A 29 year-old man with abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, and elevated temperature likely to be an ulcerative colitis

• Case 93: A 62-year old male complaining of post-surgery symptoms like weakness, dizziness and tinnitus. The most likely issue was possibly a surgical complication.

• Case 94: A 11-year-old with general weakness, shortness of breath, and cyanosis, is indicative of a possible heart condition. The most probable diagnosis was likely to be a congenital heart condition, such as a congenital heart defect.

• Case 95: A 38-year-old woman with acute pain in the right upper quadrant, suggesting cholelithiasis based on likely blockage, likely indicates potential gallstones.

• Case 96: A male presented with intermittent claudication; the likely issue could be aortofemoral bypass or similar vascular procedure to address the vascular component.

• Case 97: A 37-year-old man with pain in the anus; the likely issue was possible an acute anal fissure

• Case 98: A 45-year-old male with chest pain likely to be a pain in the pleura, or lung.

• Case 99: A 44-year-old woman experiencing abdominal pain, likely to be possible gallstone cholecystitis

• Case 100: A one-year-old boy requiring a possible additional surgical operation. The problem is likely circumcision and or testicular issue

• Case 101: a 9-year-old boy with a 'machine noise', likely to be a congenital heart defect or coarctation

• Case 102: A 62-year-old male who had surgery for gallstones (cholelithiasis), with subsequent choledocholithiasis and jaundice, requiring choledocholithotomy or similar procedure

• Case 103: A man experiencing pain at the scapula, indicative of some inflammatory or soft tissue injury, requiring possible further testing

• Case 104: 3-day-old baby with scrotal swelling and likely indicated in requiring a consultation for testing a possible intussusception.

• Case 105: A 57-year-old man complaining of foot pain, indicating a possible metatarsal fracture.

• Case 106: A 38-year-old woman who underwent surgery, exhibiting postoperative issues. The likely issue is a complication related to a previous surgical procedure or surgery-relevant complication.

• Case 107: A 35-year-old presented with numbness and pain in the left lower extremity. The likely issue is likely an vascular issue.

• Case 108: A 6-month-old with kidney issues. The likely likely issue was a possible kidney duplication or anatomical abnormality.

• Case 109: A 5-yr old with congenital heart disease, likely indicated as likely to be a heart defect.

• Case 110: A 64-year-old male with intermittent claudication; The likely diagnosis is likely peripheral artery disease.

• **Case 111:**A 62-year old experiencing post-surgery complications. The likely diagnosis is likely a choledocholithiasis or other surgical-related complications

• Case 112: A 31 year old patient presenting to an ER with a possible respiratory issue, following an accident; indications suggest likely a serious or critical condition requiring medical attention

• Case 113: 30-year old woman with lower extremity pain, likely ascending thrombophlebitis.

• Case 114: A 65-year-old male post-splenectomy, with hypotension and fever. The most likely issue is possibly splenectomy-related sepsis.

• Case 115: A 44-year old woman with protrusion in her naval and discomfort, requiring hernia repair.

Test your knowledge with this quiz on various pediatric medical cases. Each case presents different symptoms and diagnostic challenges faced by healthcare professionals when dealing with young patients. Evaluate your understanding of conditions like acute scrotum syndrome and bladder exstrophy.