Pediatric Lower Extremity Deformities Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the main etiology of Tibial rotational deformities in pediatric lower extremity deformities?

Posttraumatic injuries to the growth plate

Metabolic imbalance affecting bone formation

Muscular imbalance leading to deformities

Genetic defects affecting cartilage formation (correct)

Which condition is most likely to present with Pes equinovarus in pediatric patients?

Cerebral palsy (correct)

Skeletal dysplasias

Genetic defects

Osteogenesis imperfecta

What is the characteristic feature of Metatarsus adductus in pediatric lower extremity deformities?

Angular deformity at the knee joint

Muscular imbalance leading to deformity

Resolves spontaneously without treatment (correct)

Structural deformity requiring treatment

In pediatric lower extremity deformities, what type of injury can lead to a progressive deformity due to growth plate damage?

Posttraumatic injuries Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common factor contributing to complex deformities in pediatric lower extremity conditions?

Multi-level involvement of deformities Signup and view all the answers

Which type of Pes Equinovarus (Clubfoot) usually requires surgical treatment?

Neurogenic Pes Equinovarus Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for a $3$-year-old child with moderate to severe Pathological Genu Varus (Blount's Disease)?

Corrective valgus osteotomy Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for a flexible Metatarsus Adductus deformity?

No treatment is required, it will resolve spontaneously Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Pes Equinovarus (Clubfoot)?

Dysplasia of the entire extremity, calf atrophy, and a short and widened foot Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical treatment for idiopathic Pes Equinovarus (Clubfoot)?

Serial casting, followed by orthosis until 2 years old Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment for persistent rotational deformities of the lower extremities?

Corrective-derotational osteotomies Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary diagnostic method for rotational deformities of the lower extremities?

Clinical examination Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of femoral anteversion, a rotational deformity of the lower extremity?

Internally rotated extremity and intoeing Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of metatarsus adductus, a congenital foot deformity?

Intrauterine compression (positional abnormality) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following deformities is characterized by a medial deviation of the forefoot on the hindfoot?

Metatarsus adductus Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Tibial Rotational Deformities

Main etiology involves a combination of genetic factors and abnormal development during growth.
Conditions such as intrauterine positioning contribute significantly to these deformities.

Pes Equinovarus (Clubfoot)

Most commonly associated with congenital talipes equinovarus, observed in pediatric patients.
Characterized by the foot being in plantarflexion and inversion, leading to difficulty in walking.

Metatarsus Adductus

Characteristic feature is the medial deviation of the forefoot relative to the hindfoot.
Typically presents with a flexible deformity, often resolving spontaneously.

Growth Plate Injuries

Injury to the growth plate, particularly in the tibia, can lead to progressive deformities as the child grows, affecting limb alignment.
Conditions such as fractures or trauma in children can significantly impact development.

Complex Deformities

Most common factor contributing to complex deformities is underlying neuromuscular disorders.
Issues such as spina bifida or cerebral palsy frequently lead to multifactorial deformities.

Surgical Treatment for Clubfoot

Rigid forms of Pes Equinovarus usually require surgical intervention, especially if conservative treatment fails.
Surgical options aim to correct the deformity and restore foot function.

Treatment for Blount's Disease

Recommended treatment for a 3-year-old with moderate to severe Pathological Genu Varus is bracing or orthotics, with potential surgical options for severe cases.
Early intervention is crucial in managing the condition and preventing progression.

Flexible Metatarsus Adductus Treatment

Recommended treatment involves observation and reassurance, as most cases resolve without intervention.
If necessary, corrective footwear and exercises can be introduced.

Characteristic Features of Pes Equinovarus

Marked by a rigid foot with the forefoot adducted and the heel tilted inward.
Often associated with a shortened Achilles tendon.

Idiopathic Pes Equinovarus Treatment

Typical treatment includes the Ponseti method, which involves manipulation and casting.
Early treatment leads to better functional outcomes.

Persistent Rotational Deformities Treatment

Most appropriate treatment includes physical therapy and possibly orthotic use to manage the condition effectively.
Surgical options are considered if conservative methods fail.

Diagnostic Method for Rotational Deformities

Primary diagnostic method includes clinical examination and imaging studies, such as X-rays or CT scans, to assess severity and type.
Detailed assessment helps in determining the best treatment plan.

Femoral Anteversion Characteristics

Characterized by an inward rotation of the femur, resulting in gait abnormalities.
Commonly presents with "in-toeing" in children, especially during walking.

Metatarsus Adductus Primary Cause

Primary cause is believed to be intrauterine positioning factors during gestation.
Genetic factors may also play a role in its development.

Medial Forefoot Deviation

Deformity characterized by medial deviation of the forefoot on the hindfoot aligns with Metatarsus Adductus.
This condition typically presents in infancy and may appear in varying degrees of severity.

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Description

Learn about pediatric lower extremity deformities including definitions, etiology, and common conditions seen in children. Explore physiological and structural causes that may require different treatments.