Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which condition is primarily associated with problems in the initial stages of coagulation?

  • Anemia
  • Disorders of Primary Hemostasis (correct)
  • Leukemia
  • Disorders of Secondary Hemostasis

    • What is a key focus of pediatrics in the context of hematology?

  • Managing chronic diseases in adults
  • Understanding blood disorders in children (correct)
  • Combating viral infections in newborns
  • Developing surgical procedures for elders

    • Which topic would likely cover transformative health policy changes?

  • Quality of Health
  • Immunology
  • Conflict & Change in Health Care (correct)
  • Anemia

    • Which of the following is NOT typically addressed in the study of Social Medicine?

    <p>Pathophysiology of Diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of pediatric oncology, what is a critical aspect to consider?

    <p>Treatment protocols for childhood cancers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated for prophylaxis when CD4 lymphocyte percentage is below 14%?

    <p>Bronchoscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom associated with Candida albicans infection?

    <p>Painless creamy-white plaques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first-line treatment for disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)?

    <p>Daily clarithromycin and ethambutol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What laboratory finding is commonly associated with Mycobacterium avium complex infection?

    <p>Elevated alkaline phosphatase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by asymptomatic hyperkeratotic lesions linked with EBV due to underlying HIV?

    <p>Oral Hairy Leukoplakia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates a peripheral destruction of red blood cells in an anemic condition?

    <p>Reticulocyte count &gt; 3%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by hyperbilirubinemia, jaundice, and splenomegaly?

    <p>Sickle cell anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), what finding is typically observed?

    <p>Auer rods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common trait of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?

    <p>Presence of smudge cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leukemia can be associated with the Philadelphia chromosome?

    <p>Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hemolysis is characterized by the presence of bilirubin-rich gallstones?

    <p>Extravascular hemolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immunophenotyping markers are positive in Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL)?

    <p>CD4 and CD8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical prognosis for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) associated with the M3 classification?

    <p>Good with ATRA treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is often confused with a leukemoid reaction due to high white blood cell count?

    <p>Chronic myeloid leukemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant characteristic of hairy cell leukemia?

    <p>Pancytopenia with splenomegaly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Pegasparaginase?

    <p>Hydrolyzes asparagine to aspartic acid and ammonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side effect is associated with the use of Imatinib?

    <p>Arterial thrombosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common mechanism is shared by Olaparib, Niraparib, and Rucaparib?

    <p>They are PARP inhibitors used for BRCA mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of Bevacizumab in cancer therapy?

    <p>Inhibiting VEGF to prevent neovascularization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following therapies is associated with non-specific symptoms like diarrhea and hepatotoxicity?

    <p>Sunitinib</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism by which Erlotinib and Gefitinib work?

    <p>Inhibition of EGFR to reduce cell proliferation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a known side effect of using Alemtuzumab?

    <p>Fatal infusion reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which targeted therapy is specifically a Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor?

    <p>Ibrutinib</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common lab error that may cause a false low platelet count?

    <p>EDTA causing platelet clumping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood disorder is characterized by low platelets and microcytopenia?

    <p>Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bleeding is indicated by petechiae?

    <p>Superficial bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is associated with giant platelets?

    <p>ITP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the PFA-100 test?

    <p>Evaluate platelet aggregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which condition would you likely see tear drop cells?

    <p>Myelophthisic Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication may arise from low platelet production?

    <p>Spontaneous bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which inherited bleeding disorder is most common?

    <p>von Willebrand Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common autoimmune disorder characterized by fever, weakness, and malar rash?

    <p>Systemic Lupus Erythematosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT associated with an increased risk of developing Multiple Sclerosis?

    <p>Physical inactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a therapy option for Rheumatoid Arthritis?

    <p>Anti-TNF agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hypersensitivity is primarily involved in the pathology of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?

    <p>Type III hypersensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which abnormal blood cell morphology is characterized by a small and spherical shape?

    <p>Spherocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal ratio of lymphocytes to red blood cells in the bloodstream?

    <p>1:3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a correct statement about platelets?

    <p>They are derived from megakaryocytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary vector responsible for spreading Lymphatic Filariasis?

    <p>Mosquitoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the presence of Howell-Jolly bodies?

    <p>Nuclear remnants in mature red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of IL-2 in T cell biology?

    <p>Supports T cell survival and proliferation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of red blood cell abnormality is characterized by the shape resembling a crescent?

    <p>Sickle Cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by demyelination due to autoreactive T cells?

    <p>Multiple Sclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pathology is primarily caused by Wuchereria bancrofti?

    <p>Filariasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of neutrophils when mature?

    <p>Multi-lobed nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Biochemistry - Week 1

    • Cancer Genetics: Cell division, DNA loss, metastasis, and clonal origin are discussed.
    • Driver and passenger mutations.
    • Proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.
    • Genetic alterations from errors in cell cycle, exposure to mutagens, viral infections, or carcinogens.
    • Epigenetics plays a role in cancer development.
    • Hereditary cancer syndromes vs sporadic cancer.

    Immunology - Week 1

    • Cancer: Heterogeneity, tumor-specific & associated antigens, and immunosurveillance.
    • B-cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells are crucial components of the immune response to cancer.
    • Tumor detection, NK cells, and ADCC mechanisms.
    • Immunotherapy, monoclonal antibodies, and adoptive cell transfers (a & b).

    Immunology - Week 1 (continued)

    • Autoimmunity: Self-tolerance, central & peripheral tolerance & factors influencing autoimmunity.
    • Organ-specific & non-specific autoimmunity.
    • Genetic & environmental factors/ other factors (infection), organs involved (Hasimotos, Type I Diabetes, SLE).
    • Type I, II, & III hypersensitivity reactions.

    Histology - Week 1

    • Blood Cells: Review of RBCs, WBCs, and Platelets.
    • Maturation and variations in cells.
    • Include features of abnormal inclusions and defects.

    Microbiology - Week 1 (part 1)

    • Blood Parasites:
    • African Trypanosomiasis & Filarial Worms overview of diseases, distribution, cycles, and clinical features. Dx & Tx for diseases.
    • Malaria, including clinical features and vector.

    Microbiology - Week 1 (part 2)

    • Malaria (continued):
    • Species, vector, and life cycle of this infectious disease.
    • Including relapse, complications, and diagnostics.

    Pathology - Week 1

    • Blood Cells:
    • RBCs, anemia, and coagulation disorders.
    • Blood Parasites: relevant pathology.
    • Hemostasis and Coagulopathies (anemias & disorders)
    • Leukemia/Lymphoma (and know markers).

    Pharmacology - Week 1

    • Anti-anemia medication.
    • Anti-cancer treatment.
    • HIV/AIDS medications and treatment.

    Biochemistry, Immunology, Pathology, and Pharmacology - Week 2

    • Anemia: Pathophysiology of various anemias.
    • Disorders of Primary/Secondary Hemostasis.

    Pediatrics - Week 2

    • Hematology & Hematopoietic aspects
    • Immunology & infectious aspects
    • Oncology - review of relevant questions

    Pathophysiology - Week 2

    • Anemia
    • Disorders of Primary/Secondary Hemostasis.
    • Leukemia, Lymphoma
    • Basic overview of infectious diseases.

    Pathophysiology, Pathology, and Pharmacology - Week 3 & 4

    • Rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's syndrome, seronegative spondyloarthropathies, and fibromyalgia.
    • Disorders of Secondary Hemostasis (DIC).
    • Leukemia and lymphoma (classifications, diagnosis, and treatment).
    • Immunodeficiency disorders (1° and 2°).
    • Transplantation, immunology, and related treatment
    • HIV, AIDS, ART overview.
    • Geriatrics: fall assessment & prevention (risk factors)
    • Pediatric Oncology

    Other

    • Geriatrics: fall assessment and prevention
    • Social Medicine: Ethical Considerations
    • Medical ethics
    • Week 4: Fall Assessment and Prevention.
    • Pediatrics: MSK Oncology

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on key concepts in pediatric hematology and oncology. This quiz covers various aspects such as coagulation disorders, hematological symptoms, and the impact of health policy changes on pediatric care. Prepare to challenge your understanding of critical issues in these fields.

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