Chapter 28: The Child with a Gastrointestinal Condition

<p>Herniorrhaphy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bony deformities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cheese (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ultrasound (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Irritable Bowel Syndrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Position the infant in the crib on his or her abdomen, with the head elevated. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Projectile vomiting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pinworms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Red stool (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Keep children's nails short. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Whole-grain cereal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Currant jelly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A barium enema (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A pouch forms when the vitelline duct fails to disappear. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shock (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liver toxicity symptoms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nighttime anal itching (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adding high fiber foods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monitoring for changes in stool characteristics. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>400 to 500 mL in 24 hours (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Feed the infant quickly to prevent vomiting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ribbon-like stools (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dry mucous membranes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rebound tenderness in the right lower quadrant (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>White streak in hair (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cola or other caffeinated drinks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lethargy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Give a thickened formula (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased urine output (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urinary output (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pitting edema (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perform regular abdominal assessments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To increase parents' knowledge of growth and development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using fruits primarily from homemade preserves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Swab medication on the oral mucosa with a sterile applicator (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A larger proportion of their body water is extracellular. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metabolic acidosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allow 1 ounce of glucose water at frequent intervals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>81 mL (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>I keep syrup of ipecac handy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify areas needing intervention (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Providing clear fluids initially (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To enhance their parenting skills (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They require the same fluid amounts as adults. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use sterile equipment for application. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can cause excessive vomiting. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rapid dehydration in hot climates. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Choking on the first feeding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alkalosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weight loss of 4 ounces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They cause evaporation of fluid on the mucous membranes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ineffective treatment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metabolic alkalosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skin elasticity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreases potassium levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>N-acetylcysteine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deteriorating paint in older buildings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Take the child to the emergency department (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>My child often eats carrots pulled from the garden. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bulky and frothy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rice (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prevent fluid and electrolyte imbalance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An oral rehydrating solution, like Pedialyte (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Child appears limp and unresponsive (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Educating the mother on positive caregiving behaviors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abdominal pain or discomfort (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Improvement in energy levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyponatremia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regularly washing hands prevents lead ingestion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A birth defect where the esophagus and trachea are improperly connected, leading to vomiting and choking during feeding.

Prolonged vomiting leads to alkalosis because of lost stomach acids, disrupting the body's acid-base balance.

Weight loss is a critical sign of dehydration in infants; infants have a high percentage of water in their bodies.

Rapid breathing increases insensible water loss through evaporation from mucous membranes, contributing to dehydration.

Failure to pass meconium (first stool) within 24 hours after birth can be a sign of an underlying issue, but not specifically a TEF.

Significant indicators are dry mucous membranes, decreased skin turgor, and weight loss.

Weight loss in a 3-month-old hospitalized with gastroenteritis suggests ongoing or worsening dehydration and ineffective treatment.

Persistent vomiting results in a loss of hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride from the stomach, leading to alkalosis.

Position the infant in a prone position after feedings to avoid increased intra-abdominal pressure.

Projectile vomiting is the key symptom of pyloric stenosis.

Pinworms are a common cause of anal itching and scratching in children.

Pyrvinium (Povan) can cause red stools.

Keeping children's fingernails short helps prevent the spread of pinworms.

Whole-grain foods are good for constipation as they aid in digestion.

Currant jelly stools (blood and mucus) are a sign of intussusception.

A barium enema is the first treatment for intussusception, not surgery.

Meckel's diverticulum is caused by the vitelline duct failing to disappear.

Severe isotonic dehydration puts a child at high risk for shock.

Homemade fruit preserves can cause vitamin C deficiency because heat destroys vitamin C.

Use a sterile applicator to apply nystatin suspension directly to the oral mucosa.

Infants have a higher percentage of extracellular water compared to adults, making them more prone to fluid and electrolyte imbalances.

A pH lower than 7.35 indicates metabolic acidosis, aligning with a lower HCO3 (bicarbonate) level.

After pyloric stenosis surgery, give infants small amounts of glucose water, gradually increasing to regular formula.

Oral fluid replacement = 10 milliliters per kilogram of body weight.

Parents should be educated on avoiding syrup of ipecac for poison ingestion; contact poison control, bringing the ingested substance, and going to the emergency department.

Providing expected developmental milestones to parents.

Following gastric lavage, the nurse anticipates administering N-acetylcysteine (Mucomyst), which is the antidote for acetaminophen.

Deteriorating paint in older buildings is the main source of lead poisoning exposure.

For a child who swallows dish soap, immediately take the child to the emergency department and bring the detergent container.

Ingesting roundworm eggs from contaminated soil is a cause of ascariasis.

Children with celiac disease typically have stools that are large, bulky, and frothy due to malabsorption.

Rice is a safe grain for children with celiac disease since it's gluten-free.

Preventing fluid and electrolyte imbalance is the priority in treating acute gastroenteritis.

For mild diarrhea in children, soft foods like rice, bananas, toast, and applesauce, and oral rehydration solutions (like Pedialyte) are recommended.

A child with nonorganic failure to thrive may exhibit limpness, responsiveness to cuddling, and appear wary of caregivers.

With a non-organic failure to thrive child, consider intervention with the mother which avoid pointing out errors or negative characterizations of the child.

Rickets is caused by a deficiency of vitamin D. This deficiency leads to bone deformities.

Parents should avoid feeding a child with cow's milk allergy foods containing casein, as it is a protein found in cow's milk.

Constipation is defined as having fewer than seven bowel movements in a two-week period.

A herniorrhaphy is a surgical procedure to repair hernias. It is a relatively simple procedure and is well-tolerated by children.

Casein is a protein found in cow's milk. It is a common allergen in children.

Fewer than seven bowel movements in a two-week period is medically defined as constipation.

A herniorrhaphy is a surgical procedure used to repair hernias. It is usually a simple procedure.

Rickets is primarily caused by a deficiency of vitamin D. It leads to bone deformities in children.

A healthy 2-month-old should produce 400-500 mL of urine per day.

Infants with pyloric stenosis need thickened formula, slow feeding, and burping to avoid vomiting.

Ribbon-like stools, fever, failure to thrive, vomiting, and decreased peristalsis are all signs of Hirschsprung's disease.

Moderate dehydration involves 10% weight loss, dry mucous membranes, and normal anterior fontanel.

Appendicitis presents with right lower quadrant pain, guarding, rebound tenderness, and pain on lifting the thigh.

Kwashiorkor, a protein deficiency, causes a white streak in the hair, edematous abdomen, and slowed growth.

An elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) indicates inflammation, a characteristic of gastroenteritis.

Caffeinated beverages cause diuresis and worsen dehydration, so avoid them when rehydrating a child.

Dehydration can be serious in infants, as they have a high percentage of water in their bodies.

The general rule for oral fluid replacement is 10 milliliters per kilogram of body weight.