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Questions and Answers
What deficiency disease causes bony deformities due to inadequate supply of vitamin D?
What deficiency disease causes bony deformities due to inadequate supply of vitamin D?
Which substance should be avoided by parents of a child allergic to cow's milk?
Which substance should be avoided by parents of a child allergic to cow's milk?
What is the medically accepted definition of constipation based on bowel movements in a 2-week period?
What is the medically accepted definition of constipation based on bowel movements in a 2-week period?
Which surgical operation is used to repair hernias?
Which surgical operation is used to repair hernias?
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Which of the following is a symptom associated with rickets due to vitamin D deficiency?
Which of the following is a symptom associated with rickets due to vitamin D deficiency?
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What is a common dietary source of casein that should be avoided in certain allergies?
What is a common dietary source of casein that should be avoided in certain allergies?
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In children, which test may be conducted to assess for hernia complications?
In children, which test may be conducted to assess for hernia complications?
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Which of the following conditions can be mistaken for constipation due to similar symptoms?
Which of the following conditions can be mistaken for constipation due to similar symptoms?
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What is the most appropriate intervention for a 3-month-old infant who has gastroesophageal reflux?
What is the most appropriate intervention for a 3-month-old infant who has gastroesophageal reflux?
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What symptom would be most commonly reported by parents of a child with pyloric stenosis?
What symptom would be most commonly reported by parents of a child with pyloric stenosis?
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Which condition is most likely if a child is reported to be scratching the anal area and complaining of itching?
Which condition is most likely if a child is reported to be scratching the anal area and complaining of itching?
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What potential side effect should a nurse inform the parents about when administering pyrvinium?
What potential side effect should a nurse inform the parents about when administering pyrvinium?
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What instruction should a nurse provide to prevent the spread and reinfection of pinworms?
What instruction should a nurse provide to prevent the spread and reinfection of pinworms?
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Which food item should a nurse recommend for a 2-year-old child experiencing frequent constipation?
Which food item should a nurse recommend for a 2-year-old child experiencing frequent constipation?
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What characteristic of a child's stool would lead a nurse to suspect intussusception?
What characteristic of a child's stool would lead a nurse to suspect intussusception?
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What is the preferred treatment for a child diagnosed with intussusception?
What is the preferred treatment for a child diagnosed with intussusception?
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What condition causes the development of Meckel's diverticulum?
What condition causes the development of Meckel's diverticulum?
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In the event of severe isotonic dehydration in a child, what is the primary risk?
In the event of severe isotonic dehydration in a child, what is the primary risk?
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What should a nurse observe for following a child's ingestion of acetaminophen?
What should a nurse observe for following a child's ingestion of acetaminophen?
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What constitutes the typical presentation of pinworm infection in children?
What constitutes the typical presentation of pinworm infection in children?
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Which dietary change is most effective for treating childhood constipation?
Which dietary change is most effective for treating childhood constipation?
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What is a critical nursing consideration for managing intussusception in children?
What is a critical nursing consideration for managing intussusception in children?
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What is the expected urine output for a 2-month-old infant?
What is the expected urine output for a 2-month-old infant?
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Which of the following is NOT an appropriate intervention when feeding a child with pyloric stenosis?
Which of the following is NOT an appropriate intervention when feeding a child with pyloric stenosis?
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Which symptom is a characteristic assessment finding for Hirschsprungs disease in a 1-month-old infant?
Which symptom is a characteristic assessment finding for Hirschsprungs disease in a 1-month-old infant?
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What indicates moderate dehydration in a child?
What indicates moderate dehydration in a child?
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What sign would most likely be present in a child with suspected appendicitis?
What sign would most likely be present in a child with suspected appendicitis?
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Which of the following would be observed in a child with kwashiorkor?
Which of the following would be observed in a child with kwashiorkor?
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What does an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in an infant with gastroenteritis indicate?
What does an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in an infant with gastroenteritis indicate?
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Which type of beverages should be avoided for fluid replacement in a dehydrated child?
Which type of beverages should be avoided for fluid replacement in a dehydrated child?
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Which of the following symptoms might lead a nurse to suspect dehydration in a child?
Which of the following symptoms might lead a nurse to suspect dehydration in a child?
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Which is a common feeding strategy for infants with pyloric stenosis?
Which is a common feeding strategy for infants with pyloric stenosis?
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What is NOT a symptom of moderate dehydration in a child?
What is NOT a symptom of moderate dehydration in a child?
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A decrease in which parameter indicates worsening dehydration in a child?
A decrease in which parameter indicates worsening dehydration in a child?
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What is likely to be observed during a physical exam of a child with kwashiorkor?
What is likely to be observed during a physical exam of a child with kwashiorkor?
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Which of the following interventions is crucial for preventing complications in appendicitis?
Which of the following interventions is crucial for preventing complications in appendicitis?
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What is the primary purpose of providing anticipatory guidance to parents about developmental milestones?
What is the primary purpose of providing anticipatory guidance to parents about developmental milestones?
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Which dietary practice could potentially lead to a vitamin C deficiency in children?
Which dietary practice could potentially lead to a vitamin C deficiency in children?
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When administering oral nystatin suspension for thrush, what is the correct method?
When administering oral nystatin suspension for thrush, what is the correct method?
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Why do infants have a higher risk of fluid and electrolyte imbalances compared to adults?
Why do infants have a higher risk of fluid and electrolyte imbalances compared to adults?
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How should the nurse interpret laboratory results showing pH 7.32, PaCO2 40, and HCO3 21 in an infant?
How should the nurse interpret laboratory results showing pH 7.32, PaCO2 40, and HCO3 21 in an infant?
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After surgery for pyloric stenosis, what should the nurse do if an infant is hungry and crying?
After surgery for pyloric stenosis, what should the nurse do if an infant is hungry and crying?
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How much oral fluid should be administered to an 18-pound child with diarrhea to replace fluid loss?
How much oral fluid should be administered to an 18-pound child with diarrhea to replace fluid loss?
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Which statement by a parent indicates a need for more education on poison prevention?
Which statement by a parent indicates a need for more education on poison prevention?
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What is the importance of understanding developmental milestones for parents?
What is the importance of understanding developmental milestones for parents?
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Which of the following actions is appropriate when caring for an infant post-anesthesia?
Which of the following actions is appropriate when caring for an infant post-anesthesia?
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What is a major reason for teaching parents about anticipatory guidance in child development?
What is a major reason for teaching parents about anticipatory guidance in child development?
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What is a common misconception regarding fluid replacement in infants?
What is a common misconception regarding fluid replacement in infants?
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Which of the following is essential when administering medication to a child suffering from thrush?
Which of the following is essential when administering medication to a child suffering from thrush?
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Why is syrup of ipecac no longer recommended for home use in poison prevention?
Why is syrup of ipecac no longer recommended for home use in poison prevention?
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What health risk is heightened due to a child's higher extracellular water percentage?
What health risk is heightened due to a child's higher extracellular water percentage?
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What symptom in a newborn most likely indicates tracheoesophageal fistula?
What symptom in a newborn most likely indicates tracheoesophageal fistula?
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What is the expected acid-base imbalance due to persistent vomiting in a child?
What is the expected acid-base imbalance due to persistent vomiting in a child?
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Which finding indicates ineffectiveness of treatment for dehydration in an infant?
Which finding indicates ineffectiveness of treatment for dehydration in an infant?
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Why can rapid respirations contribute to dehydration?
Why can rapid respirations contribute to dehydration?
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Which condition is indicated by a child weighing 4 ounces less after hospitalization for gastroenteritis?
Which condition is indicated by a child weighing 4 ounces less after hospitalization for gastroenteritis?
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What is the most likely consequence of loss of hydrochloric acid from vomiting?
What is the most likely consequence of loss of hydrochloric acid from vomiting?
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In cases of dehydration, which assessment finding is considered less critical?
In cases of dehydration, which assessment finding is considered less critical?
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What effect does persistent vomiting have on electrolyte levels?
What effect does persistent vomiting have on electrolyte levels?
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What should the nurse anticipate administering after gastric lavage for acetaminophen poisoning?
What should the nurse anticipate administering after gastric lavage for acetaminophen poisoning?
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What is the primary source of lead exposure in children?
What is the primary source of lead exposure in children?
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What is the immediate course of action for a child who swallowed dishwashing detergent?
What is the immediate course of action for a child who swallowed dishwashing detergent?
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Which statement by a mother might suggest a cause for her child's ascariasis?
Which statement by a mother might suggest a cause for her child's ascariasis?
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What type of stool appearance is expected in a child diagnosed with celiac disease?
What type of stool appearance is expected in a child diagnosed with celiac disease?
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Which grain is safe for a child with celiac disease to consume?
Which grain is safe for a child with celiac disease to consume?
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What is the nurse's priority goal in the care of a 7-month-old infant with acute gastroenteritis?
What is the nurse's priority goal in the care of a 7-month-old infant with acute gastroenteritis?
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Which dietary modification should a nurse suggest for a child with mild diarrhea?
Which dietary modification should a nurse suggest for a child with mild diarrhea?
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What observation might indicate nonorganic failure to thrive in a child?
What observation might indicate nonorganic failure to thrive in a child?
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Which nursing intervention is most appropriate for mothers of infants diagnosed with nonorganic failure to thrive?
Which nursing intervention is most appropriate for mothers of infants diagnosed with nonorganic failure to thrive?
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Which sign is commonly associated with ascariasis in children?
Which sign is commonly associated with ascariasis in children?
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What might indicate a successful dietary adjustment in a child with celiac disease?
What might indicate a successful dietary adjustment in a child with celiac disease?
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Which electrolyte imbalance is most concerning in a child with gastroenteritis?
Which electrolyte imbalance is most concerning in a child with gastroenteritis?
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What key aspect should the nurse address when discussing lead poisoning prevention with parents?
What key aspect should the nurse address when discussing lead poisoning prevention with parents?
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Study Notes
Newborn Findings Suggestive of Tracheoesophageal Fistula
- Choking on first feeding is a key sign.
Acid-Base Imbalance from Persistent Vomiting
- Persistent vomiting leads to alkalosis due to loss of stomach acid and sodium chloride.
Ineffective Gastroenteritis Treatment in a 3-Month-Old
- Weight loss of 4 ounces in a 3-month-old hospitalized for gastroenteritis indicates ineffective treatment. This is significant because infant's weight is largely water.
Rapid Respirations and Dehydration
- Rapid respirations increase insensible fluid loss due to evaporation from mucous membranes.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Intervention
- Position the infant prone (on their abdomen) after feedings to avoid intraabdominal pressure.
Pyloric Stenosis Symptoms
- Projectile vomiting is a hallmark symptom of pyloric stenosis.
Anal Itching Indication
- Anal itching and scratching are suggestive of pinworms.
Pyrvinium (Povan) Side Effects
- Pyrvinium stains clothing and turns stools red.
Preventing Pinworm Spread
- Keeping children's fingernails short helps prevent pinworm spread.
Constipation Diet Modification
- Increased high roughage foods like whole-grain breads and cereals are beneficial for constipation.
Intussusception Stool Description
- Currant jelly stools (blood and mucus without feces) indicate intussusception, particularly 12 hours after obstruction onset.
Intussusception Treatment
- Barium enema is the preferred treatment for intussusception, aiming to untwist the bowels. Surgery is a backup.
Meckels Diverticulum Cause
- Meckels diverticulum results from the vitelline duct failing to disappear after birth, forming a pouch.
Risk with Severe Isotonic Dehydration
- Shock is the most serious risk in severe isotonic dehydration.
Acetaminophen Ingestion Treatment
- N-acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) follows gastric lavage for acetaminophen poisoning.
Lead Poisoning Prevention Source
- Deteriorating paint in older buildings is the primary community source of lead.
Ingested Dishwashing Detergent Action
- Immediately take the child to the nearest emergency department. Do not induce vomiting.
Ascariasis Possible Cause
- Ingesting roundworm eggs from contaminated soil is a possible cause. Children who play or eat food near soil could be at higher risk.
Celiac Disease Stool Appearance
- Celiac disease results in bulky, frothy stools due to malabsorption.
Celiac Disease Allowed Grain
- Rice is a safe grain for children with celiac disease.
Acute Gastroenteritis Priority Goal
- Preventing fluid and electrolyte imbalance is the top priority in acute gastroenteritis.
Mild Diarrhea Dietary Modification
- An oral rehydrating solution like Pedialyte is recommended for mild diarrhea.
Nonorganic Failure to Thrive Assessment
- Limpness (hypotonia) and unresponsiveness to cuddling are common in non-organic failure to thrive.
Nonorganic Failure to Thrive Parent Education
- Educate parents on developmental milestones to build their understanding.
Vitamin C Deficiency Possible Cause
- Homemade preserves (can destroy vitamin C through heat) can be a potential cause.
Thrush Medication Administration
- Swabbing the affected oral mucosa with diluted oral medication is the recommended method.
Infant Vulnerability to Fluid Imbalance
- Infants' proportionally larger percentage of extracellular body water makes them more susceptible to fluid imbalance.
Dehydration Metabolic Acidosis Interpretation
- A pH below 7.35, with corresponding bicarbonate level, suggests metabolic acidosis in dehydration.
Postoperative Pyloric Stenosis Feeding
- Glucose water is an initial feeding after pyloric stenosis surgery, with gradual increases in regular formula.
Oral Fluid Replacement for Diarrhea
- Oral fluid replacement for dehydration is calculated as 10 mL per kilogram of body weight.
Poison Prevention Education Gap
- A parent keeping syrup of ipecac handy signals a knowledge gap regarding poison prevention guidelines (avoid inducing vomiting without professional medical guidance. Immediately contact the poison control center and bring the substance ingested to the ED.)
Elevated Urine Output Reporting Criteria
- A 2-month old with a 150mL urine output in 24 hours requires immediate physician reporting.
Pyloric Stenosis Feeding Interventions
- Burping, slow feeding, and refeeding after vomiting are important interventions during feeding. Infant is not fed formula thinned with water, but thickened with cereal. Positioned on their right side after feeding.
Hirschsprung's Disease Suspicion Assessment
- Ribbon-like stools, fever, failure to thrive, vomiting and diminished peristalsis are assessments suggesting Hirschsprung's disease.
Moderate Dehydration Assessment
- Includes 10% weight loss, dry mucous membranes, and a normal anterior fontanel. It does not include increased urinary output.
Appendicitis Assessment Signs
- Signs include localized right lower quadrant pain, guarding, rebound tenderness, and pain with thigh raising. C-reactive protein will be elevated in response to infection.
Kwashiorkor Assessment Findings
- Edema of the abdomen, lack of growth, and a white streak in hair are associated with kwashiorkor.
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and Inflammation
- Elevated ESR indicates an inflammatory response in gastroenteritis.
Dehydration Fluid Replacement and Caffeinated Drinks
- Caffeinated drinks are inappropriate for fluid replacement due to their diuretic effect.
Rickets Deficiency
- Inadequate vitamin D results in rickets, causing bony deformities.
Cows' Milk Allergy Avoidance
- Avoid foods including casein, a protein component of cow's milk.
Constipation Medical Definition
- Fewer than seven bowel movements in two weeks is a medical definition for constipation.
Hernia Repair Surgical Procedure
- Herniorrhaphy is the surgical procedure used to repair hernias.
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Description
This quiz covers various pediatric gastrointestinal disorders, emphasizing signs, symptoms, and treatments. Key topics include tracheoesophageal fistula, pyloric stenosis, and interventions for gastroesophageal reflux. Test your knowledge on how to identify and manage these conditions in infants.
