Pediatric Gastroenterology Quiz: Pyloric Stenosis
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Questions and Answers

What physical sign may indicate pyloric stenosis in an infant?

  • Olive-shaped mass in the abdomen (correct)
  • Labored breathing
  • Increased body temperature
  • Presence of rash

Which imaging test is often the first choice for diagnosing pyloric stenosis?

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
  • Ultrasound of the abdomen (correct)
  • Computed tomography (CT) scan
  • Chest x-ray

Which symptom is less likely to be present in a patient with pyloric stenosis?

  • Weight loss
  • Constant hunger
  • Frequent bowel movements (correct)
  • Abdominal pain

What is the definitive treatment for pyloric stenosis?

<p>Surgical pyloromyotomy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What lab finding is commonly associated with pyloric stenosis?

<p>Electrolyte imbalance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common symptom of pyloric stenosis in infants?

<p>Projectile vomiting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which demographic is pyloric stenosis most commonly found?

<p>Firstborn male infants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to the pylorus muscle in pyloric stenosis?

<p>It undergoes hypertrophy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physiological condition develops as a consequence of persistent vomiting in pyloric stenosis?

<p>Metabolic alkalosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does pyloric stenosis primarily affect the gastric outlet?

<p>It causes a blockage preventing food from exiting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common occurrence after an episode of vomiting in an infant with pyloric stenosis?

<p>Desire to feed again (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor mainly contributes to low blood potassium levels in pyloric stenosis?

<p>Increased aldosterone secretion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical age range for the onset of vomiting due to pyloric stenosis?

<p>1 week to 5 months (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Pyloric stenosis age range

Most common in infants younger than 6 months.

Pyloric stenosis definition

Narrowing of the pylorus, the opening from the stomach to the small intestine.

Pyloric stenosis gender predilection

More common in boys than girls. (4:1 ratio)

Pyloric stenosis vomiting

Forceful, non-bilious vomiting, usually projectile, after feeding.

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Pyloric stenosis cause

Idiopathic (unknown cause).

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Pyloric stenosis - stomach emptying

The thickened pylorus muscle prevents the stomach from emptying into the small intestine.

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Pyloric Stenosis - Vomiting cause

The blocked pathway forces vomit to exit from the stomach.

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Pyloric stenosis - electrolytes

Vomiting leads to loss of stomach acid, chloride, and potassium. The body responds by retaining sodium to correct the fluid imbalance.

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Pyloric Stenosis

A condition where the pylorus (the muscle between the stomach and small intestine) is thickened and narrowed, making it hard for food to pass.

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Clinical Presentation (Pyloric Stenosis)

Symptoms like wave-like motions in the abdomen, constant hunger, and changes in bowel movements (possibly constipation) after feeding, but before vomiting.

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Diagnostic Evaluation (Pyloric Stenosis)

Includes physical exam, history taking, ultrasound (often first), blood tests (checking for electrolyte imbalances), and barium x-rays (looking for narrowed pylorus).

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String Sign (Pyloric Stenosis)

A specific finding on a barium x-ray, appearing as a narrowed, elongated pyloric channel.

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Treatment (Pyloric Stenosis)

Surgical pyloromyotomy (Ramstedt's procedure) is the definitive treatment. It involves cutting the muscle to widen the pyloric outlet.

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Study Notes

Pyloric Stenosis

  • A palpable olive-shaped mass in the right upper abdomen may indicate pyloric stenosis in an infant.
  • An ultrasound is often the first choice imaging test for diagnosing pyloric stenosis.
  • Diarrhea is less likely to be present in a patient with pyloric stenosis.
  • Surgery, specifically a pyloromyotomy, is the definitive treatment for pyloric stenosis.
  • Hypochloremia (low blood chloride levels) is a common lab finding associated with pyloric stenosis.
  • Projectile vomiting is the most common symptom of pyloric stenosis in infants.
  • Pyloric stenosis is most commonly found in infants between the ages of 3 and 6 weeks.
  • The pylorus muscle in pyloric stenosis becomes thickened and narrowed, obstructing the flow of food from the stomach to the small intestine.
  • Dehydration can develop as a consequence of persistent vomiting in pyloric stenosis.
  • Pyloric stenosis primarily affects the gastric outlet by constricting the opening between the stomach and the duodenum.
  • An infant with pyloric stenosis may experience a forceful expulsion (projectile vomiting) after an episode of vomiting.
  • The loss of potassium in the vomitus is a major factor that contributes to low blood potassium levels (hypokalemia) in pyloric stenosis.
  • The typical age range for the onset of vomiting due to pyloric stenosis is between 2 and 6 weeks of age.

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Related Documents

Pyloric stenosis.PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on pyloric stenosis in infants with this comprehensive quiz. Explore key signs, symptoms, and treatments associated with this condition, as well as its physiological impacts. Perfect for medical students or healthcare professionals specializing in pediatrics.

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