15. Gastrointestinal Congenital Disorders

What is the primary embryological structure involved in the separation of the esophagus from the trachea?

A newborn presents with projectile vomiting, a palpable 'olive' mass in the epigastrium, and visible hyperperistalsis. Which condition is most likely?

Which of the following is NOT a typical finding in a newborn with biliary atresia?

An ultrasound of an infant with a suspected GI disorder reveals a thickened and lengthened pylorus. Which condition is most likely to be present?

What is a key distinguishing feature of gastroschisis compared to omphalocele?

What is the primary diagnostic imaging modality used to identify Meckel's diverticulum?

Which congenital anomaly is associated with an abnormal rotation of the ventral pancreatic bud?

A newborn is diagnosed with esophageal atresia. What is a common co-occurring condition associated with this abnormality, besides a tracheoesophageal fistula?

A male infant presents with projectile vomiting, which physical exam finding is most likely to be associated with this condition?

Which of the following is the most common initial treatment for biliary atresia in a newborn without other complications?

A newborn presents with persistent jaundice, dark urine, and acholic stools. Which set of lab results below is most suggestive of biliary atresia?

What is the underlying embryological cause of an annular pancreas?

Which of the following factors is most associated with an increased risk of pyloric stenosis?

A newborn presents with an abdominal wall defect characterized by intestinal contents protruding to the right of the umbilicus, with no hernia sac. Which condition is most likely?

Which finding is LEAST associated with Meckel's diverticulum?

Persistence of the vitelline duct can lead to which of the following anomalies?

A 1-year-old child is experiencing intermittent abdominal pain. Imaging reveals a true diverticulum in the ileum containing ectopic gastric tissue. Which of the following may be a likely mechanism of pain?

When does the vitelline duct normally obliterate, during gestation?

What is the most common clinical presentation of Meckel's diverticulum in adult patients?

A 3-year-old male is suspected of having Meckel's diverticulum. Which of the following diagnostic tests is most appropriate to confirm this condition?

A patient's imaging reveals the entire colon is located on the left side of the abdomen, and the small bowel on the right. What specific type of intestinal malrotation is most likely present?

An infant is diagnosed with intestinal malrotation. Which of the following anatomical findings would suggest incomplete rotation?

Which of the following is considered the gold standard imaging technique for diagnosing intestinal malrotation in hemodynamically stable patients?

Which of the following best describes the most common anatomical presentation of esophageal atresia?

In a newborn with suspected isolated esophageal atresia, what would be an expected finding on a chest X-ray, besides the inability to progress an NG tube?

Which of the following is NOT a typical early clinical sign observed in a newborn with esophageal atresia?

What percentage of esophageal atresia cases are expected to occur in isolation, without an associated tracheoesophageal fistula?

A newborn is diagnosed with esophageal atresia. What is the most helpful approach in establishing the diagnosis immediately after birth?

The VACTERL association includes vertebral, anal, cardiac, tracheoesophageal, renal, and limb anomalies. Which of these anomalies directly relates to the condition of esophageal atresia?

Which of the following best describes the embryological defect associated with esophageal atresia?

A pregnant woman displays polyhydramnios during routine prenatal scans. This is linked to which common finding with a neonate after birth, in the context of this content?

What is the most common type of tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) based on its connection to the esophagus?

A neonate with a tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) presents with increased respiratory distress and cyanosis immediately after birth. Which of the following is the most likely mechanism causing the cyanosis?

Which of the following correctly describes the typical presentation of esophageal atresia?

A newborn is suspected of having a tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). A chest X-ray is performed. What finding on the X-ray would be most indicative of a Type C TEF?

What is the underlying anatomical cause behind pyloric stenosis?

Which of the following is a typical prenatal finding associated with esophageal atresia?

Why is the placement of a feeding tube important in the diagnosis of esophageal atresia?

What is the key difference between Type B and Type C tracheoesophageal fistulas (TEFs)?

A newborn presents with abdominal distension, pain, and nonbilious vomiting. The mother had polyhydramnios during pregnancy. Which of the following conditions is most likely?

Which of the following is a common diagnostic procedure for confirming annular pancreas?

A newborn is diagnosed with omphalocele. Which of the following is typically TRUE regarding this condition?

Which of the following is a common prenatal finding for omphalocele?

A newborn is diagnosed with gastroschisis. Which statement is most accurate when comparing gastroschisis to omphalocele?

A newborn presents with a diagnosis of omphalocele, which of the following co-existing conditions is most likely?

What is the primary surgical intervention for a patient with an annular pancreas causing duodenal obstruction?

A baby is born with polyhydramnios and is found to have an obstruction in their small intestines, which of the following is associated with polyhydramnios and should be in the differential diagnosis?