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Questions and Answers
What is the most common cause of alterations of digestive function in children?
What is the most common cause of alterations of digestive function in children?
Which condition is associated with multiple gene-environmental interactions and deficiency of B vitamins?
Which condition is associated with multiple gene-environmental interactions and deficiency of B vitamins?
What is the most common malformation involving an incomplete separation between nasal and oral cavities without any associated anomaly?
What is the most common malformation involving an incomplete separation between nasal and oral cavities without any associated anomaly?
What is the characteristic feature of esophageal atresia?
What is the characteristic feature of esophageal atresia?
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What causes infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?
What causes infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?
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Which gender is infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis more common in?
Which gender is infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis more common in?
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What occurs with failure of the colon to rotate during fetal development?
What occurs with failure of the colon to rotate during fetal development?
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What may partly or completely occlude the gastrointestinal tract and its blood vessels in cases of intestinal malrotation?
What may partly or completely occlude the gastrointestinal tract and its blood vessels in cases of intestinal malrotation?
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What is the cause of Meckel diverticulum?
What is the cause of Meckel diverticulum?
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What characterizes Hirschsprung disease?
What characterizes Hirschsprung disease?
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What is the cause of idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction?
What is the cause of idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction?
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What can cause meconium ileus?
What can cause meconium ileus?
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What can cause duodenal, jejunal, and ileal obstructions?
What can cause duodenal, jejunal, and ileal obstructions?
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What is meconium aspiration syndrome caused by?
What is meconium aspiration syndrome caused by?
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What is meconium ileus?
What is meconium ileus?
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What causes gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in infants?
What causes gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in infants?
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What is eosinophilic esophagitis characterized by?
What is eosinophilic esophagitis characterized by?
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Study Notes
Pediatric Gastrointestinal and Liver Disorders
- Meckel diverticulum is caused by the failure of the fibrous band that connects the small intestine to the umbilicus, resulting in an outpouching of all layers of the small intestine.
- Hirschsprung disease is characterized by the absence of enteric ganglia and malformation of the parasympathetic nervous system in a segment of the colon, leading to inadequate colon motility and functional obstruction.
- Idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction presents as repetitive episodes or continuous symptoms of intestinal obstruction without an obstructing lesion and may be associated with atrophy of enteric nerves and/or muscles.
- Meconium ileus, now called DIOS, can occur due to abnormally thick intestinal contents obstructing the intestinal lumen, commonly associated with cystic fibrosis, pancreatic enzyme deficiency, and dehydration.
- Duodenal, jejunal, and ileal obstructions can be caused by meconium ileus, atresia, peritoneal bands, or acquired obstructive disorders.
- Meconium aspiration syndrome is a type of newborn respiratory distress caused by fetal inspiration of meconium-contaminated amniotic fluid associated with fetal hypoxic distress and in utero gasping respirations.
- Meconium ileus is a condition in the newborn in which intestinal secretions and amniotic waste products produce a thick tarry plug that obstructs the intestine, usually from lack of fetal digestive enzymes, with 10% to 15% of neonates with cystic fibrosis affected.
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in infants is caused by the relaxation or incompetence of the lower esophageal sphincter, which is exacerbated by their diet, posture, and sphincter immaturity.
- Eosinophilic esophagitis involves an eosinophilic inflammation of the esophagus with dysphagia and vomiting, often associated with asthma and eczema.
- Intussusception is the most common cause of acquired intestinal obstruction in infants, occurring in the area of the ileocecal junction, where one portion of the bowel telescopes or invaginates into another.
- Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disease caused by dysfunction of the CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR) protein, leading to pancreatic enzyme deficiency, overproduction of mucus in the respiratory tract, and abnormally elevated sodium and chloride concentrations in sweat.
- Celiac disease is an immune-mediated lifelong disease characterized by the loss of mature villous epithelium in the presence of a gluten-containing diet, resulting in malabsorption and growth failure. Nonceliac gluten sensitivity is wheat allergy without the autoantibodies associated with celiac disease.
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Description
Test your knowledge of pediatric gastrointestinal and liver disorders with this quiz. Explore conditions such as Meckel diverticulum, Hirschsprung disease, meconium ileus, GERD, intussusception, cystic fibrosis, and celiac disease.
