Pediatric Gastrointestinal and Liver Disorders Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the most common cause of alterations of digestive function in children?

Disorders of absorption

Deficiency of B vitamins

Congenital anomalies of the intestinal tract (correct)

Liver disease

Which condition is associated with multiple gene-environmental interactions and deficiency of B vitamins?

Cleft lip

Cleft palate

Both cleft lip and cleft palate (correct)

Esophageal atresia

What is the most common malformation involving an incomplete separation between nasal and oral cavities without any associated anomaly?

Nonsyndromic (isolated) CLP (correct)

Esophageal atresia

Cleft lip

Cleft palate

What is the characteristic feature of esophageal atresia?

Ends in a blind pouch Signup and view all the answers

What causes infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?

Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of circular muscles in the pyloric sphincter Signup and view all the answers

Which gender is infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis more common in?

Male infants Signup and view all the answers

What occurs with failure of the colon to rotate during fetal development?

Intestinal malrotation Signup and view all the answers

What may partly or completely occlude the gastrointestinal tract and its blood vessels in cases of intestinal malrotation?

An obstructing band or volvulus Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of Meckel diverticulum?

Failure of the fibrous band that connects the small intestine to the umbilicus Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Hirschsprung disease?

Absence of enteric ganglia and malformation of the parasympathetic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction?

Repetitive episodes or continuous symptoms of intestinal obstruction without an obstructing lesion Signup and view all the answers

What can cause meconium ileus?

Abnormally thick intestinal contents obstructing the intestinal lumen Signup and view all the answers

What can cause duodenal, jejunal, and ileal obstructions?

Meconium ileus, atresia, peritoneal bands, or acquired obstructive disorders Signup and view all the answers

What is meconium aspiration syndrome caused by?

Fetal inspiration of meconium-contaminated amniotic fluid associated with fetal hypoxic distress Signup and view all the answers

What is meconium ileus?

A condition in the newborn in which intestinal secretions and amniotic waste products produce a thick tarry plug that obstructs the intestine Signup and view all the answers

What causes gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in infants?

Relaxation or incompetence of the lower esophageal sphincter Signup and view all the answers

What is eosinophilic esophagitis characterized by?

Eosinophilic inflammation of the esophagus with dysphagia and vomiting Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pediatric Gastrointestinal and Liver Disorders

Meckel diverticulum is caused by the failure of the fibrous band that connects the small intestine to the umbilicus, resulting in an outpouching of all layers of the small intestine.
Hirschsprung disease is characterized by the absence of enteric ganglia and malformation of the parasympathetic nervous system in a segment of the colon, leading to inadequate colon motility and functional obstruction.
Idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction presents as repetitive episodes or continuous symptoms of intestinal obstruction without an obstructing lesion and may be associated with atrophy of enteric nerves and/or muscles.
Meconium ileus, now called DIOS, can occur due to abnormally thick intestinal contents obstructing the intestinal lumen, commonly associated with cystic fibrosis, pancreatic enzyme deficiency, and dehydration.
Duodenal, jejunal, and ileal obstructions can be caused by meconium ileus, atresia, peritoneal bands, or acquired obstructive disorders.
Meconium aspiration syndrome is a type of newborn respiratory distress caused by fetal inspiration of meconium-contaminated amniotic fluid associated with fetal hypoxic distress and in utero gasping respirations.
Meconium ileus is a condition in the newborn in which intestinal secretions and amniotic waste products produce a thick tarry plug that obstructs the intestine, usually from lack of fetal digestive enzymes, with 10% to 15% of neonates with cystic fibrosis affected.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in infants is caused by the relaxation or incompetence of the lower esophageal sphincter, which is exacerbated by their diet, posture, and sphincter immaturity.
Eosinophilic esophagitis involves an eosinophilic inflammation of the esophagus with dysphagia and vomiting, often associated with asthma and eczema.
Intussusception is the most common cause of acquired intestinal obstruction in infants, occurring in the area of the ileocecal junction, where one portion of the bowel telescopes or invaginates into another.
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disease caused by dysfunction of the CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR) protein, leading to pancreatic enzyme deficiency, overproduction of mucus in the respiratory tract, and abnormally elevated sodium and chloride concentrations in sweat.
Celiac disease is an immune-mediated lifelong disease characterized by the loss of mature villous epithelium in the presence of a gluten-containing diet, resulting in malabsorption and growth failure. Nonceliac gluten sensitivity is wheat allergy without the autoantibodies associated with celiac disease.

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Description

Test your knowledge of pediatric gastrointestinal and liver disorders with this quiz. Explore conditions such as Meckel diverticulum, Hirschsprung disease, meconium ileus, GERD, intussusception, cystic fibrosis, and celiac disease.