Pediatric Assessments OT1028
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Pediatric Assessments OT1028

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Questions and Answers

At what age does a child's height typically double?

  • By birth
  • By age 4 (correct)
  • By age 2
  • By age 1

    • Which condition is associated with short stature due to a chromosomal abnormality?

  • Marfan syndrome
  • Huntington's disease
  • Cystic fibrosis
  • Turner syndrome (correct)

    • What measurement is recommended for children with disabilities requiring full-time wheelchair use?

  • Head circumference
  • Leg length measurement
  • Weight measurement
  • Arm span measurement (correct)

    • Which factor does NOT influence growth in children?

    <p>Favorite television shows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average length of a full-term newborn?

    <p>50 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What age marks the early onset of puberty for girls?

    <p>Younger than 8 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following could indicate a growth arrest?

    <p>Precocious puberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can adult height be estimated?

    <p>Doubling the height at age 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a normal APGAR score range for newborns?

    <p>7-10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is likely indicated by a lack of spontaneous movement in a newborn?

    <p>Hypotonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age is it critical to monitor for hearing loss in infants?

    <p>6-8 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a major aspect when assessing a child’s temperament for therapy readiness?

    <p>Restlessness of the child</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of social and educational history, which factor is essential to understand regarding a child?

    <p>Who lives with the child at home</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with hypermobility of joints and skin elasticity?

    <p>Marfan syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential risk is associated with recurrent ear infections in infants?

    <p>Hearing impairment due to medication toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gait abnormality is indicated by adducted hips and internal rotation of hips?

    <p>Spastic gait</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should cognitive deficits in school-aged children be approached?

    <p>According to their academic level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common characteristic of hemiparetic gait?

    <p>Posturing of upper limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a sign to consider during developmental history assessment?

    <p>History of significant illnesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In toddlers, in-toeing can be caused by which condition?

    <p>Tibial Torsion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically assessed regarding family history in pediatric evaluations?

    <p>Genetic patterns of diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of crouched gait?

    <p>Excessive dorsiflexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the assessment of adolescents compared to younger children?

    <p>Adolescents want their concerns addressed privately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is commonly evaluated for sensory function such as light touch and proprioception?

    <p>Neuromuscular disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which evaluation method is used for assessing depth perception in infants?

    <p>Visual stimulus tracking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern when examining for leg length discrepancy?

    <p>Affects the spine and pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of scoliosis is most commonly seen in adolescent girls?

    <p>Idiopathic scoliosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What neurological assessment targets coordination problems and poor tandem walking?

    <p>Cerebellar ataxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of gathering a family history in pediatric assessments?

    <p>To identify possible genetic disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following techniques is NOT typically used in physical examinations of children?

    <p>Transfusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the assessment of fetal alcohol syndrome, which physical feature is commonly observed?

    <p>Short intercanthal space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition represents a completely open brain and spinal cord?

    <p>Craniorachischisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of assessment focuses on how well a child functions in daily living activities?

    <p>Functional Assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding fetal alcohol syndrome risk categories?

    <p>Category C has no animal studies conducted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of noting maternal complications during pregnancy during a pediatric assessment?

    <p>It assists in understanding potential health risks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which detection method would you most likely discover a meningocele?

    <p>Ultrasound imaging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the protrusion of the meninges, filled with cerebrospinal fluid, through a defect in the skull or spine?

    <p>Meningocele</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be carefully assessed in children with spina bifida?

    <p>Neuromuscular function and mobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the significant signs of neural tube defects in infants?

    <p>Open defects on the spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of heritage background might influence a child's risk for certain diseases?

    <p>Ethnic background</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to understand the birth history of a child during an assessment?

    <p>To identify any complications that could impact health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reflex is resolved by 3-4 months of age?

    <p>Moro</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which developmental screening test is appropriate for children from birth to 6 years of age?

    <p>Bayley Scales of Infant Development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sign of hypotonia in a child?

    <p>Weak antigravity strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does the asymmetric tonic neck reflex (ATNR) typically emerge?

    <p>6-7 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to evaluate intellectual capabilities in preschool children?

    <p>Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What assessment is primarily focused on functional independence for young children?

    <p>Functional Independence Measure (weeFIM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the rooting reflex typically resolve?

    <p>4 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does hypotonia in children often indicate?

    <p>Neuromuscular abnormality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The phonological ability of a child can be evaluated through which of the following methods?

    <p>Clapping or making loud noises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reflex involves a flexion of all fingers upon touching the palm?

    <p>Palmar Grasp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66) is primarily used to assess:

    <p>Gross motor function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which developmental test is suited for children from 4 weeks to 6 years?

    <p>Gesell Developmental Schedule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of analysis does the Vineland Adaptive Behavioral Scale focus on?

    <p>Adaptive behavior and social skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The emergence of the symmetrical tonic neck reflex (STNR) occurs around which months?

    <p>9-11 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pediatric Assessments Overview

    • Pediatric assessments cover various areas including history, physical examination, and functional assessments.
    • Creating a child-friendly environment is crucial for effective evaluations (e.g., bright colors, toys).

    History Components

    • Brief History: Understanding a child’s background is fundamental for accurate assessments.
    • Birth History: Maternal complications and fetal development issues like medications and environmental factors play key roles.
    • History of Presenting Problem: Focus on onset, associated factors, symptom progression, and child’s participation readiness in therapy.
    • Developmental History: Review significant illnesses, surgeries, immunizations, and trauma to assess risk for disorders.

    APGAR Scores

    • Evaluated at 1, 5, and 10 minutes post-birth.
      • Appearance, Pulse, Reflex Irritability, Muscle Tone, Respiratory Rate rated from 0 to 2.
    • A score of 7-10 indicates normal health; lower scores may indicate issues requiring further evaluation.

    Family and Social History

    • Early family health issues (e.g., stroke, myocardial infarction) may indicate genetic predispositions.
    • Social history includes the child’s environment and educational context to assess their development and socialization.

    Physical Examination Techniques

    • Observation: Assess child’s reaction to separation and interaction with surroundings.
    • Growth Measurements: Track height and weight to evaluate growth patterns against normative data.
      • Average height for full-term newborns is 50 cm; doubles by age 4.

    Neuromuscular and Gait Assessments

    • Musculoskeletal Assessment: Identify abnormalities in gait like spasticity or ataxis.
    • Key gait abnormalities include:
      • Spastic Gait: Adducted hips; associated with cerebral palsy.
      • Waddling Gait: Weak hip girdle; common in muscular dystrophies.
      • Ataxic Gait: Coordination issues linked to cerebellar ataxia.

    Neurologic Assessment Areas

    • Evaluate cranial nerves, sensory functions, muscle strength, reflexes, and cognitive function.
    • Sensory function tests assess light touch, proprioception, and pain sensation.

    Growth Concerns and Developmental Milestones

    • Monitor milestones like motor skills, speech development, and social interaction.
    • Delays might indicate neuromuscular disorders; hearing and visual impairments can also affect development.

    Condition-Specific Notes

    • Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Linked to maternal substance use; key indicators include distinct facial features and developmental delays.
    • Neural Tube Defects: Types include anencephaly and spina bifida, affecting neurological function and physical development.

    Important Considerations

    • Normal variability in development reflects individual differences; assess against developmental norms for age.
    • Recognize psychological and social factors influencing child behavior and development, especially in school-aged children.### Auditory Evaluation
    • Infant hearing assessed through loud noises; look for startle or blink response.
    • Older children respond to sounds like finger rubbing near ears or sound-making toys.

    Primitive and Postural Responses

    • Primitive reflexes diminish between 3-6 months of age.

    Manual Muscle Examination

    • Not highly accurate for children under 5 years; at least antigravity strength should be evident.

    Tone Assessment

    • Hypotonia indicates a neuromuscular issue.
    • Hypertonia manifests as:
      • Spasticity (catch)
      • Dystonia (co-contraction)
      • Rigidity (consistent tension)

    Gait Development

    • Gait patterns develop and change from ages 1-7 years.

    Primitive Reflexes Overview

    • Moro Reflex: Triggered by sudden neck extension, resolves by 3-4 months.
    • Rooting Reflex: Response to mouth area stimulation, resolves by 4 months.
    • Galant Reflex: Skin stroke alongside spine causes trunk flexion, resolves by 2-6 months.
    • Palmar Grasp: Finger flexion when palm is touched, resolves by 5-6 months.
    • ATNR (Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex): Head turning results in limb flexion on the opposite side, resolves by 6-7 months.
    • STNR (Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex): Neck flexion/extension affects limb positioning, resolves by 9-11 months.

    Postural Reactions

    • Head righting develops by 2 months in prone position.

    Functional Assessment Tools

    • Functional Independence Measure (weeFIM) evaluates independence.
    • Denver Developmental Screening Test II assesses development from birth to 6 years.
    • Bayley Scales track infant development from birth to 30 months.
    • Gesell Developmental Schedule monitors development from 4 weeks to 6 years.

    Intellectual Evaluation Instruments

    • Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale assesses cognitive abilities.
    • Wechsler scales (WPPSI-R, WISC-R) evaluate preschool and school-age intelligence.
    • Kaufman Assessment Battery measures cognitive skills.

    Academic Achievement Assessments

    • Wide Range Achievement Test and Woodcock-Johnson Psychoeducational Battery evaluate academic performance.
    • Peabody Individual Achievement Test assesses academic progress.

    Visual Motor Abilities Evaluation

    • Beery-Buktenica and Bender tests assess visual-motor integration.
    • Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test evaluates visual memory and construction skills.

    Social and Adaptive Skills Assessment

    • Vineland Adaptive Behavioral Scale assesses social adaptability.
    • Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory measures child health-related quality of life.

    Disability-specific Assessments

    • Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66) evaluates movement abilities.
    • Manual Abilities Classification Scale (MACS) categorizes hand function.
    • Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test (QUEST) assesses upper limb performance.

    Summary

    • Individualized approach to pediatric history and examination is critical for effective assessment and intervention.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the foundational principles of medical-surgical assessments specifically in pediatrics, as outlined in the OT1028 course. Designed for Shift 1 students, it focuses on understandingthe unique aspects of pediatric patient evaluation and care.

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