53 Questions
What is the peak incidence of otitis media?
6 to 15 months of age
Which group, besides children, is also affected by otitis media?
Elders
What is the main characteristic of acute otitis media (AOM)?
Rapid onset and short duration
When is immediate referral indicated for acute otitis media (AOM)?
Children appearing lethargic or toxic
What is one of the signs or symptoms often present in otitis media with effusion (OME)?
Dizziness
Which finding is indicative of moderate to severe bulging in acute otitis media (AOM)?
Inflamed tympanic membrane
What is a common finding in chronic serous otitis according to the text?
Amber or bluish tympanic membrane
What does retraction of the tympanic membrane indicate?
Middle ear effusion
Which diagnostic test may be used when otoscopic examination cannot determine the presence of fluid in the middle ear?
Tympanometry
What is one reason for considering allergy testing in patients with recurrent or chronic otitis symptoms?
To evaluate immune status
What is a significant change in status that should be noted in young children during a physical exam?
Lethargy and lack of movement in the child
What is considered critical to accurately distinguish Acute Otitis Media (AOM) from Otitis Media with Effusion (OME)?
TM bulging on examination
What is the common characteristic of Acute Otitis Media (AOM) that helps in its diagnosis?
Throbbing earache with impaired hearing
What is the role of pneumatic otoscopy in diagnosing Acute Otitis Media (AOM)?
To accurately diagnose the presence of AOM
Which criterion qualifies for a diagnosis of Acute Otitis Media (AOM)?
Mild bulging and new onset of otorrhea
What is recommended for obtaining a clear view of the tympanic membrane (TM) during examination?
Speculum with the best light conduction
What is the common cause associated with bullae between the layers of the tympanic membrane (TM)?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection
What is the most common age group affected by Chronic effusion (serous OM or 'glue ear')?
Children aged 3 to 7 years old
Which of the following is NOT listed as a symptom associated with OME or serous otitis in the text?
Nasal congestion
Why does exposure to cigarette smoke increase the risk for OM according to the text?
It impairs mucociliary functioning in the eustachian tube
What is the term used to define three or more distinct episodes of OM in 6 months or four or more episodes in the preceding 12 months?
Recurrent OM
Which bacterium is mentioned as a less frequent cause of otitis infections in the text?
Moraxella catarrhalis
What is the common initial complaint of patients with Acute Otitis Media (AOM)?
Rapid-onset otalgia worse in a prone position
How many clinical practice guidelines were presented by the American Academy of Pediatrics in 2013 for diagnosing and treating AOM?
3
Which condition is characterized by hearing impairment and may persist for several months, with or without signs of infection?
"Glue ear" (Chronic effusion/serous OM)
"Group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Moraxella catarrhalis" are mentioned as common causative agents of what?
"Acute otitis media (AOM)"
"Chronic effusion" is also known as what according to the text?
"Glue ear"
What is considered a helpful factor in diagnosing AOM according to the text?
Activities involving barometric pressure changes
What effect does smoking have on mucociliary functioning in the eustachian tube according to the text?
It impairs it
When should speech and audiology evaluation be considered for younger children with OME?
At 3 months of age
In adults, what are the common risk factors associated with experiencing AOM?
Smoking
When should life-span considerations indicate a decrease in the incidence of AOM?
After age 7
What is the primary focus of education regarding OM risk reduction and treatment?
Parents and caregivers
For children, what is associated with a reduced incidence of AOM during the first year of life?
Breastfeeding for 3 months or more
When should an ENT referral be considered for tympanostomy tubes?
After three episodes of AOM in 6 months
What is the recommended first-line antibiotic for children with AOM who are not allergic and have not received it in the last 30 days?
Amoxicillin
What approach might increase parental comfort with delaying antibiotic administration?
Provide a written antibiotic prescription to be held initially
In children allergic to penicillin, what antibiotic can be considered safe for treating AOM?
Clindamycin
What should parents be made aware of regarding antibiotic treatment for OM?
'Watchful waiting' may involve delayed antibiotic administration
What is the recommended duration for 'watchful waiting' for nonsevere Acute Otitis Media (AOM)?
72 hours
For nonsevere AOM in children younger than 24 months with mild otalgia and fever below 39°C, what treatment option is recommended?
Observation without antibiotics
Which medication is NOT recommended for children with Acute Otitis Media (AOM) or Otitis Media with Effusion (OME)?
Codeine
What is the recommended treatment duration for severe AOM in children younger than 2 years of age?
10 days
What kind of medication is commonly used for pain control in adults with Acute Otitis Media (AOM) if acetaminophen is not effective?
NSAIDs
Which complication is a common sequela of both AOM and OME?
Cholesteatoma
In 2018, what age range did the Federal Drug Administration recommend for the use of codeine in patients?
Under 18 years old
What should be considered if no improvement is seen with initial antibiotic therapy for OM within 48 to 72 hours?
Reconsider the treatment decisions
If an adult with Acute Otitis Media (AOM) is allergic to penicillin, which of the following antibiotics could be considered as an alternative?
Azithromycin
What is the length of antibiotic treatment for mild or moderate AOM in children aged 2 to 5 years?
5-7 days
What is the current recommendation for using codeine or hydrocodone in children under the age of 18?
Not recommended at all
'Watchful waiting' with close follow-up within 48 to 72 hours is recommended primarily for which type of ear infection?
Middle ear infection
'Narcotic analgesia with codeine was used in the past', according to the text, what prompted the change in recommendation for codeine use in children?
'Significant side effects' and 'even death' concerns
'Providers are encouraged to check antibiotic recommendations frequently', why is this emphasized in the text?
'Due to increasing resistance to commonly used antibiotics'
Test your knowledge of pediatric antibiotic guidelines, including the recommended first-line antibiotic for children, alternatives for those allergic to penicillin, and specific scenarios for using different antibiotics.
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