Pediatric Antibiotic Guidelines Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the peak incidence of otitis media?

  • 16 to 25 years of age
  • 6 to 15 years of age
  • 26 to 35 years of age
  • 6 to 15 months of age (correct)

    • Which group, besides children, is also affected by otitis media?

  • Elders (correct)
  • Middle-aged adults
  • Young adults
  • Teenagers

    • What is the main characteristic of acute otitis media (AOM)?

  • Intermittent onset and variable duration
  • Chronic onset and prolonged duration
  • Gradual onset and persistent duration
  • Rapid onset and short duration (correct)

    • When is immediate referral indicated for acute otitis media (AOM)?

    <p>Children appearing lethargic or toxic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the signs or symptoms often present in otitis media with effusion (OME)?

    <p>Dizziness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which finding is indicative of moderate to severe bulging in acute otitis media (AOM)?

    <p>Inflamed tympanic membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common finding in chronic serous otitis according to the text?

    <p>Amber or bluish tympanic membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does retraction of the tympanic membrane indicate?

    <p>Middle ear effusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic test may be used when otoscopic examination cannot determine the presence of fluid in the middle ear?

    <p>Tympanometry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason for considering allergy testing in patients with recurrent or chronic otitis symptoms?

    <p>To evaluate immune status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant change in status that should be noted in young children during a physical exam?

    <p>Lethargy and lack of movement in the child</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered critical to accurately distinguish Acute Otitis Media (AOM) from Otitis Media with Effusion (OME)?

    <p>TM bulging on examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common characteristic of Acute Otitis Media (AOM) that helps in its diagnosis?

    <p>Throbbing earache with impaired hearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of pneumatic otoscopy in diagnosing Acute Otitis Media (AOM)?

    <p>To accurately diagnose the presence of AOM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which criterion qualifies for a diagnosis of Acute Otitis Media (AOM)?

    <p>Mild bulging and new onset of otorrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended for obtaining a clear view of the tympanic membrane (TM) during examination?

    <p>Speculum with the best light conduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common cause associated with bullae between the layers of the tympanic membrane (TM)?

    <p>Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common age group affected by Chronic effusion (serous OM or 'glue ear')?

    <p>Children aged 3 to 7 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT listed as a symptom associated with OME or serous otitis in the text?

    <p>Nasal congestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does exposure to cigarette smoke increase the risk for OM according to the text?

    <p>It impairs mucociliary functioning in the eustachian tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to define three or more distinct episodes of OM in 6 months or four or more episodes in the preceding 12 months?

    <p>Recurrent OM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterium is mentioned as a less frequent cause of otitis infections in the text?

    <p>Moraxella catarrhalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common initial complaint of patients with Acute Otitis Media (AOM)?

    <p>Rapid-onset otalgia worse in a prone position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many clinical practice guidelines were presented by the American Academy of Pediatrics in 2013 for diagnosing and treating AOM?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by hearing impairment and may persist for several months, with or without signs of infection?

    <p>&quot;Glue ear&quot; (Chronic effusion/serous OM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Moraxella catarrhalis" are mentioned as common causative agents of what?

    <p>&quot;Acute otitis media (AOM)&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Chronic effusion" is also known as what according to the text?

    <p>&quot;Glue ear&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a helpful factor in diagnosing AOM according to the text?

    <p>Activities involving barometric pressure changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does smoking have on mucociliary functioning in the eustachian tube according to the text?

    <p>It impairs it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should speech and audiology evaluation be considered for younger children with OME?

    <p>At 3 months of age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In adults, what are the common risk factors associated with experiencing AOM?

    <p>Smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should life-span considerations indicate a decrease in the incidence of AOM?

    <p>After age 7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of education regarding OM risk reduction and treatment?

    <p>Parents and caregivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For children, what is associated with a reduced incidence of AOM during the first year of life?

    <p>Breastfeeding for 3 months or more</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should an ENT referral be considered for tympanostomy tubes?

    <p>After three episodes of AOM in 6 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended first-line antibiotic for children with AOM who are not allergic and have not received it in the last 30 days?

    <p>Amoxicillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approach might increase parental comfort with delaying antibiotic administration?

    <p>Provide a written antibiotic prescription to be held initially</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In children allergic to penicillin, what antibiotic can be considered safe for treating AOM?

    <p>Clindamycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should parents be made aware of regarding antibiotic treatment for OM?

    <p>'Watchful waiting' may involve delayed antibiotic administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended duration for 'watchful waiting' for nonsevere Acute Otitis Media (AOM)?

    <p>72 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For nonsevere AOM in children younger than 24 months with mild otalgia and fever below 39°C, what treatment option is recommended?

    <p>Observation without antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is NOT recommended for children with Acute Otitis Media (AOM) or Otitis Media with Effusion (OME)?

    <p>Codeine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment duration for severe AOM in children younger than 2 years of age?

    <p>10 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of medication is commonly used for pain control in adults with Acute Otitis Media (AOM) if acetaminophen is not effective?

    <p>NSAIDs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complication is a common sequela of both AOM and OME?

    <p>Cholesteatoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In 2018, what age range did the Federal Drug Administration recommend for the use of codeine in patients?

    <p>Under 18 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered if no improvement is seen with initial antibiotic therapy for OM within 48 to 72 hours?

    <p>Reconsider the treatment decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If an adult with Acute Otitis Media (AOM) is allergic to penicillin, which of the following antibiotics could be considered as an alternative?

    <p>Azithromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the length of antibiotic treatment for mild or moderate AOM in children aged 2 to 5 years?

    <p>5-7 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current recommendation for using codeine or hydrocodone in children under the age of 18?

    <p>Not recommended at all</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Watchful waiting' with close follow-up within 48 to 72 hours is recommended primarily for which type of ear infection?

    <p>Middle ear infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Narcotic analgesia with codeine was used in the past', according to the text, what prompted the change in recommendation for codeine use in children?

    <p>'Significant side effects' and 'even death' concerns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Providers are encouraged to check antibiotic recommendations frequently', why is this emphasized in the text?

    <p>'Due to increasing resistance to commonly used antibiotics'</p> Signup and view all the answers

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