PED 6: Child and Adolescent Learning Principles
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of attachment in an infant according to the theory?

  • To focus on sensual pleasure
  • To explore the world independently
  • To develop social skills with peers
  • To regulate his/her emotions and maintain proximity to the caretaker (correct)

    • Which theory focuses on the individual's interactions with society?

  • Ethological Theory
  • Psychosexual Theory
  • Psychosocial Theory (correct)
  • Ecological Theory

    • Who is associated with the theory that development is concerned with social interaction?

  • Erik Erikson
  • John Bowlby
  • Sigmund Freud
  • Lev Vygotsky (correct)

    • What is the focus of the Life-Span Approach?

    <p>Developmental change throughout the life span, including adulthood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of transmitting biological traits from parents to offspring?

    <p>Heredity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who focused on how attachment difficulties were transmitted from one generation to the next?

    <p>John Bowlby</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the surrounding conditions that influence growth and development?

    <p>Environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory views development in terms of evolutionary concepts?

    <p>Ethological Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of cognitive processes in human development?

    <p>Changes in the individual's understanding, memory, and language skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a component of the PIES/C framework for human development?

    <p>Emotional/Social</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the difference between 'growth' and 'development'?

    <p>Growth is a quantitative increase in size, while development involves a qualitative change in function and complexity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which developmental stage is characterized by the most rapid growth rate?

    <p>Prenatal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between 'maturation' and 'learning'?

    <p>Maturation is relatively independent of the environment, while learning is a result of experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a fine motor skill?

    <p>Writing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the "zone of proximal development" (ZPD)?

    <p>The gap between what a child can do independently and what they can do with assistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of a socioemotional process?

    <p>Developing motor coordination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Human Development: Growth and Development

    • Human development involves cognitive, socio-emotional, and biological processes
    • Cognitive processes focus on memory, creativity, language, and knowledge
    • Socio-emotional processes involve changes in self-sufficiency, self-understanding, morality, and emotional communication

    PIES/C Framework

    • Physical/Psychomotor:
      • Gross motor (e.g., running, jumping, hoping)
      • Fine motor (e.g., painting)
    • Intellectual/Cognitive
    • Emotional:
      • Temperament
      • Attachment
    • Social
    • Communication:
      • Receptive (e.g., understanding what others say)
      • Expressive (e.g., ability to talk or express through gestures)

    Development and Growth

    • Development: increase in complexity of function and skill progression, involves adaptation to the environment
    • Growth: quantifiable amount of change, pertains to physical change and increase in size
      • Indicators of growth: height, weight, bone size, and dentition
      • Rapid growth rate: prenatal, neonatal, infancy, and adolescence periods
    • Maturation: internal ripening, genetically programmed
    • Learning: change that comes from experiences

    Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

    • Area where children acquire new skills and information with the help of an adult or peer

    Heredity and Environment

    • Heredity: transmission of biological traits from parents to offspring through genes
    • Environment: surrounding conditions that influence growth and development

    Theories

    • Ethological Theory: views development in terms of evolutionary concepts
    • Psychosexual Theory: focuses on the changing seat of sensual pleasure
    • Psychosocial Theory: focuses on individual's interactions with society
    • Ecological Theory: development as a joint function of the person and environment
    • Sociohistorical-Cognitive / Linguistic Theory: development dependent on social interaction

    Approaches in Human Development

    • Traditional Approach: extensive change from birth to adolescence, little or no change in adulthood, and decline in late old age
    • Life-Span Approach: emphasizes development change during adulthood as well as childhood

    Attachment

    • Emotional bond between individuals
    • Lasting psychological connectedness between human beings
    • Innate human survival mechanism
    • Goals:
      • Helps infant maintain proximity to the caretaker
      • Provides security as a base for exploration
      • Helps child regulate emotions

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    Description

    Explore the principles of child and adolescent learning, including human development, cognitive processes, and socioemotional processes. Understand growth and development, cognitive development, and psychosocial changes.

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